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Ankylomyrma
| Ankylomyrma | |
|---|---|
| |
| Ankylomyrma coronacantha | |
| Scientific classification | |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Hymenoptera |
| Family: | Formicidae |
| Subfamily: | Agroecomyrmecinae |
| Tribe: | Ankylomyrmini |
| Genus: | Ankylomyrma Bolton, 1973 |
| Type species | |
| Ankylomyrma coronacantha | |
| Diversity | |
| 1 species (Species Checklist, Species by Country)
| |
This monotypic genus was described from a single Ankylomyrma coronacantha worker. The type specimen was found via canopy fogging and the few additional collections, all of workers, have been found through vegetation beating and litter sampling. Nothing is known about their biology.
| At a Glance | • Haiku • Monotypic |
Identification
The combination of the 12 segmented antenna, prominent eyes that are situated at the posterolateral corners of the head, the enlarged first gastric tergite that forms a large subspherical ball, and the forward projection of the well developed sting set this genus apart from other Myrmicinae.
From Bolton (1981) - Monomorphic arboreal myrmicine ants. Mandibles with 5 sharply defined large triangular teeth, the mandibles almost entirely concealed by the c1ypeus when closed. Palp formula 5, 3, the palpomeres very long (apical maxillary palpomere equal in length to apical antennal segment). Clypeus very large, projecting forwards over the mandibles as a broad shelf. Median portion of clypeus raised, broad posteriorly and broadly inserted between the widely separated frontal lobes. Frontal lobes concealing antennal insertions, prolonged back by a pair of irregular frontal carinae which run past the inner margins of the eyes to the occipital margin. Frontal carinae forming dorsal margins of a weak scrobe which is bounded below by a ridge running from below the eye to the mandibular insertions. Eyes large, situated at extreme posterolateral corners of head, within the scrobal area as defined by the frontal carinae and ridge. Antennae 12-segmented, without a strongly defined club, the flagellomeres increasing in size apically. Occipital margin bounded by a broad transverse lamella which projects into a series of dentiform processes; occiput behind the lamella broad and flat. Promesonotum swollen, large and convex, without sutures but with 4 pairs of roughly triangular teeth or prominences. Propodeum short and strongly bispinose. Metapleural lobes absent. Mesopleuron divided by a broad transverse suture and a broad suture separating meso- and metapleuron present. Petiole strongly bispinose, with a broad anterior peduncle which grades into the node. Gaster consisting almost entirely of the massively enlarged and strongly vaulted first tergite. The first sternite is visible as a narrow collar fringing the ventral portion of the forward-pointing orifice of the tergite; remaining gastral segments very small and telescoped inside. Sting strongly developed and projecting anteriorly below the pedicel segments.
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See images of species within this genus |
Distribution
Known from Cameroon, Central African Republic, Ghana and Gabon.
Distribution and Richness based on AntMaps
Species by Region
Number of species within biogeographic regions, along with the total number of species for each region.
| Afrotropical Region | Australasian Region | Indo-Australian Region | Malagasy Region | Nearctic Region | Neotropical Region | Oriental Region | Palaearctic Region | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Species | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Total Species | 2840 | 1735 | 3042 | 932 | 835 | 4378 | 1740 | 2862 |
Biology
See Ankylomyrma coronacantha for some speculation about the biology of the single known species of this genus.
Castes
The single species of this genus is known only from the worker caste.
Morphology
Worker Morphology
Explore: Show all Worker Morphology data or Search these data. See also a list of all data tables or learn how data is managed.
• Antennal segment count: 12 • Antennal club: 3,4 • Palp formula: 5,3 • Spur formula: 1 simple, 1 barbulate • Eyes: present - ? ommatidia • Scrobes: present • Sting: present
Male Morphology
- Explore: Show all Male Morphology data or Search these data. See also a list of all data tables or learn how data is managed.
• Caste unknown
Nomenclature
The following information is derived from Barry Bolton's Online Catalogue of the Ants of the World.
- ANKYLOMYRMA [Myrmicinae: Ankylomyrmini]
- Ankylomyrma Bolton, 1973c: 235. Type-species: Ankylomyrma coronacantha, by original designation.
Bolton (1981) stated the following about the presumed relationship of this genus to other Myrmecinae: "In the original description of this remarkable ant I placed the genus tentatively in the tribe Meranoplini. I am aware now that this move was incorrect and that Ankylomyrma is not close to Meranoplus or any other member of that now-disbanded tribe (for discussion see Bolton, 1981). The real relationships of Ankylomyrma are an enigma for, although there are a number of characters implying alliance with genera such as Atopomyrmex, Terataner and their allies, such as low dental count, high palp formula, broad clypeus and structure of petiole, there are also objections to such a placement. Chief among these must be the position of the eyes, situated as they are at the extreme posterior corners of the sides of the head and within what is strictly the scrobal area. In Terataner and allies the eyes are always positioned well forward of the occipital corners and below the scrobes when such are present. The incredible occipital fringe and unique gastral development of Ankylomyrma are of course very derived characters which, though they serve to isolate the genus, do nothing to indicate its relationships.
References
- Bolton, B. 1973c. A remarkable new arboreal ant genus (Hym. Formicidae) from West Africa. Entomol. Mon. Mag. 108: 234-237 (page 235, 236, Ankylomyrma in Myrmicinae, Meranoplini)
- Bolton, B. 1981b. A revision of six minor genera of Myrmicinae (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) in the Ethiopian zoogeographical region. Bull. Br. Mus. (Nat. Hist.) Entomol. 43: 245-307 (page 247, Review of genus)
- Bolton, B. 1994. Identification guide to the ant genera of the world. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 222 pp. (page 105, Ankylomyrma in Myrmicinae, Formicoxenini)
- Bolton, B. 1995a. A taxonomic and zoogeographical census of the extant ant taxa (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). J. Nat. Hist. 2 29: 1037-1056 (page 1048, Ankylomyrma in Myrmicinae, Formicoxenini)
- Bolton, B. 1995b. A new general catalogue of the ants of the world. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 504 pp. (page 63, Ankylomyrma in Myrmicinae, Formicoxenini)
- Bolton, B. 2003. Synopsis and Classification of Formicidae. Mem. Am. Entomol. Inst. 71: 370pp (page 241, Ankylomyrma in Myrmicinae, Ankylomyrmini)
- Cantone S. 2017. Winged Ants, The Male, Dichotomous key to genera of winged male ants in the World, Behavioral ecology of mating flight (self-published).
- Cantone S. 2018. Winged Ants, The queen. Dichotomous key to genera of winged female ants in the World. The Wings of Ants: morphological and systematic relationships (self-published).
- Dlussky, G. M.; Fedoseeva, E. B. 1988. Origin and early stages of evolution in ants. Pp. 70-144 in: Ponomarenko, A. G. (ed.) Cretaceous biocenotic crisis and insect evolution. Moskva: Nauka, 232 pp. (page 80, Ankylomyrma incertae sedis in Myrmicinae)
- Wheeler, G. C.; Wheeler, J. 1985b. A simplified conspectus of the Formicidae. Trans. Am. Entomol. Soc. 111: 255-264 (page 257, Ankylomyrma in Myrmicinae, Meranoplini)Ankylomyrmini