Dorylus affinis

Dorylus affinis
Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Arthropoda
Class:	Insecta
Order:	Hymenoptera
Family:	Formicidae
Subfamily:	Dorylinae
Genus:	Dorylus
Species:	D. affinis
Binomial name
Dorylus affinis Shuckard, 1840 Specimen Labels
Subspecies
Dorylus affinis aegyptiacus Mayr, 1865 Dorylus affinis denudatus Santschi, 1910 Dorylus affinis exilis Santschi, 1914 Dorylus affinis hirsutus Wheeler, W.M., 1922 Dorylus affinis loewyi Forel, 1907 Dorylus affinis parapsidalis Santschi, 1917 Dorylus affinis pulliceps Santschi, 1917
Synonyms
Dorylus planiceps Haldeman, 1849 Typhlopone oraniensis brevinodosus Mayr, 1862

Identification

A member of the Dorylus helvolus-group.

Distribution

Latitudinal Distribution Pattern

Latitudinal Range: 15.766667° to -28.68333°.

North Temperate	North Subtropical	Tropical	South Subtropical	South Temperate

• Source: AntMaps

Distribution based on Regional Taxon Lists

Afrotropical Region: Chad, Gambia (type locality), Ghana, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Ivory Coast, Kenya, Liberia, Malawi, Mali, Nigeria, Senegal, Zimbabwe.
Palaearctic Region: Türkiye.

Distribution based on AntMaps

Distribution based on AntWeb specimens

Check data from AntWeb

Countries Occupied

Number of countries occupied by this species based on AntWiki Regional Taxon Lists. In general, fewer countries occupied indicates a narrower range, while more countries indicates a more widespread species.

Estimated Abundance

Relative abundance based on number of AntMaps records per species (this species within the purple bar). Fewer records (to the left) indicates a less abundant/encountered species while more records (to the right) indicates more abundant/encountered species.

Castes

Images from AntWeb

Worker. Specimen code casent0217157. Photographer Erin Prado, uploaded by California Academy of Sciences.	Owned by CAS, San Francisco, CA, USA.

Worker. Specimen code casent0217462. Photographer Will Ericson, uploaded by California Academy of Sciences.	Owned by CAS, San Francisco, CA, USA.

Worker. Specimen code casent0249444. Photographer Will Ericson, uploaded by California Academy of Sciences.	Owned by PSWC, Philip S. Ward Collection.

Worker. Specimen code casent0249445. Photographer Will Ericson, uploaded by California Academy of Sciences.	Owned by PSWC, Philip S. Ward Collection.

Type of Dorylus affinis. Male (alate). Specimen code casent0901948. Photographer Ryan Perry, uploaded by California Academy of Sciences.	Owned by OUM, Oxford, UK.

Phylogeny

Relationships among selected Dorylus species based on Kronauer et al. (2007).

Dorylus

Dorylus laevigatus Dorylus conradti Dorylus orientalis Dorylus fimbriatus laevipodex Dorylus fulvus Dorylus spininodis Dorylus mayri Dorylus nigricans rubellus Dorylus nigricans molestus Dorylus nigricans terrificus Dorylus wilverthi Dorylus nigricans burmeisteri Dorylus nigricans sjostedti Dorylus nigricans arcens Dorylus nigricans Dorylus emeryi Dorylus gerstaeckeri Dorylus gribodoi Dorylus kohli Dorylus emeryi opacus Dorylus braunsi Dorylus affinis Dorylus helvolus

Nomenclature

The following information is derived from Barry Bolton's Online Catalogue of the Ants of the World.

• affinis. Dorylus affinis Shuckard, 1840c: 316 (m.) GAMBIA.
  • Type-material: holotype male.
  • Type-locality: Gambia: (no further data).
  • Type-depository: BMNH.
  • Emery, 1901c: 189, 197 (w.l.).
  • Combination in D. (Dorylus): Emery, 1895j: 719.
  • Status as species: Westwood, 1842: 79; Smith, F. 1859b: 2; Mayr, 1863: 408; Roger, 1863b: 41; Gerstäcker, 1871: 355; Emery, 1892a: 110; Dalla Torre, 1893: 9; Mayr, 1893: 200; Emery, 1895j: 719; André, 1895a: 5; Mayr, 1896: 230; Emery 1897e: 596; Emery, 1899a: 499; Emery, 1901c: 185, 189; Forel, 1901h: 47; Mayr, 1904b: 1; Mayr, 1907a: 387; Mayr, 1907b: 8; Forel, 1909b: 53; Emery, 1910b: 9; Santschi, 1910c: 352; Santschi, 1910g: 744; Forel, 1911d: 362; Forel, 1911f: 274; Karavaiev, 1911: 3; Stitz, 1911b: 375; Santschi, 1914b: 58; Santschi, 1914d: 332; Arnold, 1915: 120 (redescription); Santschi, 1917c: 18; Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 727; Santschi, 1923e: 271; Wheeler, W.M. 1925b: 1; Menozzi, 1926a: 37; Menozzi, 1933a: 94; Santschi, 1937b: 98; Donisthorpe, 1950d: 638; Donisthorpe, 1950e: 1057; Menozzi & Consani, 1952: 58; Bernard, 1953b: 217; van Boven & Lévieux, 1970: 353; Bolton, 1995b: 177; Collingwood & Agosti, 1996: 307; Kiran & Karaman, 2012: 5; Hita Garcia, et al. 2013: 203; Borowiec, L. 2014: 71 (see note in bibliography).
  • Senior synonym of brevinodosus: Emery, 1901c: 189; Emery, 1910b: 9; Arnold, 1915: 120; Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 728; Bolton, 1995b: 177.
  • Senior synonym of planiceps: Emery, 1895j: 719; Emery, 1910b: 9; Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 728; Bolton, 1995b: 177.
  • Distribution: Angola, Cameroon, Congo, Democratic Republic of Congo, Egypt, Equatorial Guinea, Ethiopia, Gambia, Ghana, Guinea, Guinea Bissau, Ivory Coast, Kenya, Liberia, Mali, Rwanda, Senegal, Somalia, Sudan, Tanzania (+ Zanzibar), Turkey, Uganda, Yemen, Zambia.
  • Current subspecies: nominal plus aegyptiacus, denudatus, exilis, hirsutus, loewyi, parapsidalis, pulliceps, sudanicus.
• brevinodosus. Typhlopone oraniensis var. brevinodosus Mayr, 1862: 737 (w.) GHANA.
  • Type-material: syntype workers (number not stated).
  • Type-locality: Ghana (“Gold Coast”) (no further data)..
  • Type-depository: NHMW.
  • Combination in Dorylus: Dalla Torre, 1893: 10;
  • combination in D. (Dorylus): Emery, 1895j: 717.
  • Subspecies of oraniensis: Mayr, 1863: 457.
  • Status as species: Roger, 1863b: 20; Emery, 1877b: 381; Emery, 1881a: 271; Dalla Torre, 1893: 10; Forel, 1894b: 78; André, 1895a: 5; Emery, 1895j: 717; Emery, 1897e: 596.
  • Junior synonym of affinis: Emery, 1901c: 189; Emery, 1910b: 9; Arnold, 1915: 120; Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 728; Bolton, 1995b: 178.
• planiceps. Dorylus plancipes Haldeman, 1849b: 204 (m.) LIBERIA.
  • Type-material: holotype male.
  • Type-locality: Liberia (“West Africa”): Cape Palmas (T.S. Savage).
  • Type-depository: ANSP.
  • [Justified emendation of spelling to planiceps: Dalla Torre, 1893: 13.]
  • Status as species: Dalla Torre, 1893: 13.
  • Junior synonym of affinis: Emery, 1895j: 719; Emery, 1910b: 9; Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 728; Bolton, 1995b: 180.

References

• Arnold, G. 1915. A monograph of the Formicidae of South Africa. Part I. Ponerinae, Dorylinae. Ann. S. Afr. Mus. 14: 1-159 (page 120, see also)
• Borowiec, L. 2014. Catalogue of ants of Europe, the Mediterranean Basin and adjacent regions (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). Genus (Wroclaw) 25(1-2): 1-340.
• Borowiec, L., Salata, S. 2018. Notes on ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) from Gambia (Western Africa). Annals of the Upper Silesian Museum in Bytom, Entomology 26 (online 010), 1-13 (doi:10.5281/ZENODO.1243767).
• Borowiec, M.L. 2019. Convergent evolution of the army ant syndrome and congruence in big-data phylogenetics. Systematic Biology 68, 642–656 (doi:10.1093/sysbio/syy088).
• Boudinot, B. E., Moosdorf, O. T. D., Beutel, R. G., Richter, A. 2021. Anatomy and evolution of the head of Dorylus helvolus (Formicidae: Dorylinae): Patterns of sex‐ and caste‐limited traits in the sausagefly and the driver ant. Journal of Morphology 282(11), 1616–1658 (doi:10.1002/jmor.21410).
• Boven, J. K. A. van. 1975. Deux nouvelles reines du genre Dorylus Fabricius (Hymenoptera, Formicidae). Ann. Zool. (Warsaw) 33: 189-199.
• Cantone S. 2018. Winged Ants, The queen. Dichotomous key to genera of winged female ants in the World. The Wings of Ants: morphological and systematic relationships (self-published).
• Emery, C. 1895l. Die Gattung Dorylus Fab. und die systematische Eintheilung der Formiciden. Zool. Jahrb. Abt. Syst. Geogr. Biol. Tiere 8: 685-778 (page 719, Senior synonym of planiceps)
• Emery, C. 1901l. Studi sul polimorfismo e la metamorfosi nel genere Dorylus. Mem. R. Accad. Sci. Ist. Bologna (5)9:183-201 (page 189, Senior synonym of brevinodosus)
• Emery, C. 1901l. Studi sul polimorfismo e la metamorfosi nel genere Dorylus. Mem. R. Accad. Sci. Ist. Bologna (5)9:183-201 (page 189, worker, larva described)
• Kiran, K., Karaman, C. 2020. Additions to the ant fauna of Turkey (Hymenoptera, Formicidae). Zoosystema 42(18), 285-329 (doi:10.5252/zoosystema2020v42a18).
• Kronauer, D. J. C.; Schöning, C.; Vilhelmsen, L. B.; Boomsma, J. J. 2007. A molecular phylogeny of Dorylus army ants provides evidence for multiple evolutionary transitions in foraging niche. BMC Evolutionary Biology 7: Article 56 (doi:10.1186/1471-2148-7-56).
• Santschi, F. 1917c. Note sur Dorylus affinis Shuckard mâle et ses variétés. Bull. Soc. Hist. Nat. Afr. Nord 8: 18-21 (page 18, see also)
• Shuckard, W. E. 1840c. Monograph of the Dorylidae, a family of the Hymenoptera Heterogyna. (Concluded from p. 271.). Ann. Nat. Hist. 5: 315-328 (page 316, male described)

References based on Global Ant Biodiversity Informatics

• André E. 1895. Formicides de l'Ogooué (Congo français). Rev. Entomol. (Caen) 14: 1-5.
• Bernard F. 1953. La réserve naturelle intégrale du Mt Nimba. XI. Hyménoptères Formicidae. Mémoires de l'Institut Français d'Afrique Noire 19: 165-270.
• Borowiec L. 2014. Catalogue of ants of Europe, the Mediterranean Basin and adjacent regions (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). Genus (Wroclaw) 25(1-2): 1-340.
• Borowiec L., and S. Salata. 2018. Notes on ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) from Gambia (Western Africa). Annals of the Upper Silesian Museum in Bytom Entomology 26: 1-13.
• Boven J. K. A. 1967. Formicides du Musée de Dundo (Angola) (Hymenoptera, Formicidae). Publicações Culturais da Companhia de Diamantes de Angola 76: 63-75.
• Boven J. K. A. van, and J. Levieux. 1970. Les Dorylinae de la savane de Lamto (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). Ann. Univ. Abidjan Sér. E (Écol.) 1(2): 351-358.
• Diame L., B. Taylor, R. Blatrix, J. F. Vayssieres, J. Y. Rey, I. Grechi, and K. Diarra. 2017. A preliminary checklist of the ant (Hymenoptera, Formicidae) fauna of Senegal. Journal of Insect Biodiversity 5(15): 1-16.
• Donisthorpe, H.. "A first instalment of the ants of Turkey." Annals and Magazine of Natural History (12)3 (1950): 1057-1067.
• Emery C. 1881. Spedizione italiana nell'Africa equatoriale. Risultati zoologici. Formiche. Annali del Museo Civico di Storia Naturale 16: 270-276.
• Emery C. 1895. Die Gattung Dorylus Fab. und die systematische Eintheilung der Formiciden. Zoologische Jahrbücher. Abteilung für Systematik, Geographie und Biologie der Tiere 8: 685-778.
• Emery C. 1901. Studi sul polimorfismo e la metamorfosi nel genere Dorylus. Memorie della Reale Accademia delle Scienze dell'Istituto di Bologna (5)9: 183-201.
• Emery, C.. "Catalogo delle formiche esistenti nelle collezioni del Museo Civico di Genova. Parte prima. Formiche provenienti dal Viaggio dei signori Antinori, Beccari e Issel nel Mar Rosso e nel paese dei Bogos. [concl.]." Annali del Museo Civico di Storia Naturale 9 (1877): 363-381.
• Forel A. 1901. Formiciden des Naturhistorischen Museums zu Hamburg. Neue Calyptomyrmex-, Dacryon-, Podomyrma- und Echinopla-Arten. Mitt. Naturhist. Mus. Hambg. 18: 43-82.
• Forel A. 1909. Fourmis du Musée de Bruxelles. Fourmis de Benguela récoltées par M. Creighton Wellman, et fourmis du Congo récoltées par MM. Luja, Kohl et Laurent. Annales de la Société Entomologique de Belgique 53: 51-73.
• Hita Garcia F., E. Wiesel, G. Fischer. 2013. The ants of Kenya (Hymenoptera: Formicidae)—faunal overview, first species checklist, bibliography, accounts for all genera, and discussion on taxonomy and zoogeography. Journal of East African Natural History 101: 127-222.
• IZIKO South Africa Museum Collection
• Medler J. T. 1980: Insects of Nigeria - Check list and bibliography. Mem. Amer. Ent. Inst. 30: i-vii, 1-919.
• Menozzi C. 1926. Formiche dell'Africa centrale. Bollettino della Società Entomologica Italiana. 58: 36-41.
• Menozzi C. 1930. Formiche della Somalia italiana meridionale. Memorie della Società Entomologica Italiana. 9: 76-130.
• Menozzi C., M. Consani. 1952. Missione biologica Sagan-Omo diretta dal Prof. E. Zavattari. Hymenoptera Formicidae. Rivista di Biologia Coloniale 11: 57-71.
• Ross S. R. P. J., F. Hita Garcia, G. Fischer, and M. K. Peters. 2018. Selective logging intensity in an East African rain forest predicts reductions in ant diversity. Biotropica 1-11.
• Santschi F. 1910. Formicides nouveaux ou peu connus du Congo français. Annales de la Société Entomologique de France 78: 349-400.
• Santschi F. 1914. Formicides de l'Afrique occidentale et australe du voyage de Mr. le Professeur F. Silvestri. Bollettino del Laboratorio di Zoologia Generale e Agraria della Reale Scuola Superiore d'Agricoltura. Portici 8: 309-385.
• Santschi F. 1923. Descriptions de nouveaux Formicides éthiopiens et notes diverses. I. Revue Zoologique Africaine (Brussels) 11: 259-295.
• Stitz H. 1911. Formicidae. Wissenschaftliche Ergebnisse der Deutschen Zentral-Afrika-Expedition 3: 375-392.
• Weber N. A. 1943. The ants of the Imatong Mountains, Anglo-Egyptian Sudan. Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology 93: 263-389.
• Wheeler W. M. 1922. Ants of the American Museum Congo expedition. A contribution to the myrmecology of Africa. VIII. A synonymic list of the ants of the Ethiopian region. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 45: 711-1004
• Wheeler W. M. 1925. Zoological results of the Swedish Expedition to Central Africa 1921. Insecta. 10. Formicidae. Arkiv för Zoologi 17A(25): 1-3.