Dorymyrmex pyramicus

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Dorymyrmex pyramicus
Scientific classification
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Arthropoda
Class: Insecta
Order: Hymenoptera
Family: Formicidae
Subfamily: Dolichoderinae
Tribe: Leptomyrmecini
Genus: Dorymyrmex
Species: D. pyramicus
Binomial name
Dorymyrmex pyramicus
(Roger, 1863)

Dorymyrmex pyramicus casent0173213 p 1 high.jpg

Dorymyrmex pyramicus casent0173213 d 1 high.jpg

Specimen Labels

Subspecies

Identification

Cuezzo and Guerrero (2011) - Worker Promesonotal profile continuous, strongly convex. Head, mesosoma, and legs reddish-yellow with gaster dark brown to black. Psammophore reaches the posterior margin of hypostoma. Queen Head subquadrate, maximum width at level of compound eyes; scape surpassing the posterior margin of head by no more than its maximum width; mandibles feebly striated with four teeth and two denticles on the masticatory margin; posterior margin of head straight. Forewing with only one large cubital cell. Male Head wider than long; posterior margin of head medially concave; scape long, surpassing the level of compound eyes, pygostyle poorly developed.

This species was described by Roger as Prenolepis pyramica from one worker collected in Bahia, Brazil, and transferred to Dorymyrmex by Mayr (1870). Unfortunately, Wheeler (1902) erroneously stated that Formica insana Buckley (1866) (Dorymyrmex insanus) was an “undoubtedly synonym” of D. pyramicus. Originally, Formica insana was described from Texas and southern states of the United States. Workers of D. insanus are concolorous black to dark brown, as Snelling (1973) says, differing from workers of D. pyramicus that are typically bicolored, as we describe above. Nevertheless, this mistake persisted, authors having considered D. pyramicus as a species with a very large distribution, from the south part of the United States throughout the Caribbean area to the north of Argentina. We only found one worker of D. pyramicus in Colombia, but there are bibliographic records that confirm its presence in this country (Fernandez and Sendoya 2004) . Apparently, D. insanus and D. pyramicus are only sympatric in Central America (Cuba and Guatemala) and in the north part of South America (Colombia, Venezuela, and Northern Brazil). Beside color, D. pyramicus and D. insanus can be differentiated by the shape of head in full-face view and the shape of the promesonotal profile (continuous in D. pyramicus, interrupted at its end in D. insanus).

Keys including this Species

Distribution

Latitudinal Distribution Pattern

Latitudinal Range: 18.511028° to -38.85°.

     
North
Temperate 		North
Subtropical 		Tropical South
Subtropical 		South
Temperate

Distribution based on Regional Taxon Lists

Neotropical Region: Argentina, Belize, Brazil (type locality), Colombia, Costa Rica, Cuba, Greater Antilles, Guatemala, Guyana, Lesser Antilles, Mexico, Suriname, Uruguay.

Distribution based on AntMaps

AntMapLegend.png

Distribution based on AntWeb specimens

Check data from AntWeb

Countries Occupied

Number of countries occupied by this species based on AntWiki Regional Taxon Lists. In general, fewer countries occupied indicates a narrower range, while more countries indicates a more widespread species.
pChart

Biology

This species was found attending extrafloral nectaries of the plant Turnera subulata in northeastern Brazil (12°16′24″S 38°57′20″W / 12.27333°S 38.95556°W / -12.27333; -38.95556) Caatinga vegetation. Dorymyrmex pyramicus, classified as a dominant species, was a common attendant at the extrafloral nectaries.

Association with Other Organisms

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  • This species is a mutualist for the aphid Aphis lugentis (a trophobiont) (Jones, 1927; Saddiqui et al., 2019).
  • This species is a mutualist for the aphid Periphyllus negundinis (a trophobiont) (Jones, 1927; Saddiqui et al., 2019).
  • This species is a host for the phorid fly Pseudacteon dorymyrmecis (a parasitoid) (Quevillon, 2018) (encounter mode primary; direct transmission; transmission outside nest).

Castes

Worker

Images from AntWeb

Dorymyrmex pyramicus casent0909739 h 1 high.jpgDorymyrmex pyramicus casent0909739 d 1 high.jpgDorymyrmex pyramicus casent0909739 d 1 high.jpgDorymyrmex pyramicus casent0909739 l 1 high.jpg
Lectotype of Dorymyrmex pyramicus alticonis. Worker. Specimen code casent0909739. Photographer Z. Lieberman, uploaded by California Academy of Sciences. Owned by MHNG, Geneva, Switzerland.
Dorymyrmex pyramicus casent0909740 h 1 high.jpgDorymyrmex pyramicus casent0909740 p 1 high.jpgDorymyrmex pyramicus casent0909740 d 1 high.jpgDorymyrmex pyramicus casent0909740 l 1 high.jpg
Syntype of Dorymyrmex pyramicus mesonotalis. Worker. Specimen code casent0909740. Photographer Z. Lieberman, uploaded by California Academy of Sciences. Owned by MHNG, Geneva, Switzerland.
Dorymyrmex pyramicus casent0909741 h 1 high.jpgDorymyrmex pyramicus casent0909741 p 1 high.jpgDorymyrmex pyramicus casent0909741 d 1 high.jpgDorymyrmex pyramicus casent0909741 l 1 high.jpg
Syntype of Dorymyrmex pyramicus rubriceps. Worker. Specimen code casent0909741. Photographer Z. Lieberman, uploaded by California Academy of Sciences. Owned by MHNG, Geneva, Switzerland.
Dorymyrmex pyramicus casent0909743 h 1 high.jpgDorymyrmex pyramicus casent0909743 p 1 high.jpgDorymyrmex pyramicus casent0909743 d 1 high.jpgDorymyrmex pyramicus casent0909743 l 1 high.jpg
Holotype of Dorymyrmex antillanus. Worker. Specimen code casent0909743. Photographer Z. Lieberman, uploaded by California Academy of Sciences. Owned by MHNG, Geneva, Switzerland.
Dorymyrmex pyramicus casent0909746 h 1 high.jpgDorymyrmex pyramicus casent0909746 p 1 high.jpgDorymyrmex pyramicus casent0909746 d 1 high.jpgDorymyrmex pyramicus casent0909746 l 1 high.jpg
Lectotype of Dorymyrmex pyramicus garbei. Worker. Specimen code casent0909746. Photographer Z. Lieberman, uploaded by California Academy of Sciences. Owned by MHNG, Geneva, Switzerland.
Dorymyrmex pyramicus casent0911531 h 1 high.jpgDorymyrmex pyramicus casent0911531 p 1 high.jpgDorymyrmex pyramicus casent0911531 d 1 high.jpgDorymyrmex pyramicus casent0911531 l 1 high.jpg
Syntype of Dorymyrmex pyramicus guyanensis. Worker. Specimen code casent0911531. Photographer Z. Lieberman, uploaded by California Academy of Sciences. Owned by NHMB, Basel, Switzerland.
Dorymyrmex pyramicus casent0911532 h 1 high.jpgDorymyrmex pyramicus casent0911532 p 1 high.jpgDorymyrmex pyramicus casent0911532 d 1 high.jpgDorymyrmex pyramicus casent0911532 l 1 high.jpg
Syntype of Dorymyrmex pyramicus nigriventris. Worker. Specimen code casent0911532. Photographer Z. Lieberman, uploaded by California Academy of Sciences. Owned by NHMB, Basel, Switzerland.
Dorymyrmex pyramicus castype00448-01 h 1 high.jpgDorymyrmex pyramicus castype00448-01 p 1 high.jpgDorymyrmex pyramicus castype00448-01 d 1 high.jpgDorymyrmex pyramicus castype00448-01 l 1 high.jpg
Syntype of Dorymyrmex pyramicus albemarlensis. Worker. Specimen code castype00448-01. Photographer April Nobile, uploaded by California Academy of Sciences. Owned by CAS, San Francisco, CA, USA.
Dorymyrmex pyramicus castype00448-02 h 1 high.jpgDorymyrmex pyramicus castype00448-02 p 1 high.jpgDorymyrmex pyramicus castype00448-02 d 1 high.jpgDorymyrmex pyramicus castype00448-02 l 1 high.jpg
Syntype of Dorymyrmex pyramicus albemarlensis. Worker. Specimen code castype00448-02. Photographer April Nobile, uploaded by California Academy of Sciences. Owned by CAS, San Francisco, CA, USA.

Nomenclature

The following information is derived from Barry Bolton's Online Catalogue of the Ants of the World.

  • pyramicus. Prenolepis pyramica Roger, 1863a: 160 (w.) BRAZIL. Emery, 1888c: 362 (m.); Gallardo, 1916a: 56 (q.); Wheeler, G.C. & Wheeler, J. 1951: 183 (l.); Goni, et al. 1983: 366 (k.). Combination in Dorymyrmex: Mayr, 1870b: 947; in D. (Conomyrma): Forel, 1913l: 244; in Conomyrma: Kusnezov, 1952g: 430; in Dorymyrmex: Shattuck, 1992c: 85. Current subspecies: nominal plus albemarlensis, alticonis, garbei, guyanensis, mesonotalis, nigriventris, peruvianus, rubriceps. See also: Emery, 1895c: 331; Snelling, R.R. 1973b: 4; Cuezzo & Guerrero, 2011: 19.

Unless otherwise noted the text for the remainder of this section is reported from the publication that includes the original description.

Description

Worker

Cuezzo and Guerrero (2011) - (n = 10): HL: 0.78–0.88; HW: 0.73–0.78; EL 0.20–0.25; EW: 0.1–0.13; SL: 0.78–0.85; WL: 1.18–1.20; CI: 89–94; SI: 97–100; REL: 26–29; OI: 50–52; TLI: 137–152.

Head, mesosoma, and petiole concolorous reddish yellow; gaster always darker than the rest of the body, frequently dark brown to black. Whitish and sparse pubescence covering all body tagma. Head: posterior margin of head feebly emarginated medially. Psammophore with short hairs forming a triangle; the hairs in the top line are dispose near to the foramen magnum and do not reach the oral cavity. Upper seta line of psammophore close to anterior margin of foramen magnum. Mesosoma: pronotum with two subdecumbent short setae. Promesonotal profile strongly convex. Mesonotum not angulated, as in Dorymyrmex insanus. Propodeal tubercle well developed and directed dorsally. Declivitous face of propodeum, straight. Metasoma: petiolar scale pointing dorsally.

Queen

Cuezzo and Guerrero (2011) - (n = 2): HL: 1.15–1.18; HW: 1.18–1.2; EL: 0.33–0.4; EW: 0.13–0.15; IOD: 0.73; SL: 0.93–0.95; WL: 1.93–1.95; CI: 102-103; SI: 80-81.

Color and pubescence as in worker. Head: subquadrate; scape surpassing the posterior margin of head by no more than its maximum width; mandibles feebly striated, four teeth and two denticles on the masticatory margin; posterior margin of head straight; external margin of compound eye included in head surface in frontal view; ocelli hyaline, close to the posterior margin of head. Mesosoma: parapsidal furrows not well developed but parallels, axilla not divided medially. Anepisternum incompletely separated from katepisternum by a short suture. Forewing with only one close cubital cell; radial cell open. Metasoma: petiolar scale low, stout, and rounded apically.

Male

Cuezzo and Guerrero (2011) - (n = 2): HL: 0.6–0.64; HW: 0.7–0.75; EL: 0.2–0.26; EW: 0.13–0.14; SL: 0.34; WL: 1.48–1.50.

Body color similar to worker and queen. Head: subquadrate, wider than long; lateral side of clypeus feebly projected forward; mandibles thin, with four teeth, apical tooth more than twice longer than the others; scape long, surpassing posterior margin of compound eyes. Mesosoma: parapsidal furrows present and parallel, axilla not divided medially; forewing with one close radial cell and no cubital nor discoidal cell. Hindwing with two basal cells. Metasoma: petiole stout and low, directed dorsally, ventral process round, feebly developed. Pygostyle poorly developed; gonystylus stout covered with few erect setae; digitus short and no cuspis. Aedeagus with serrate ventral border.

Karyotype

  • 2n = 18, karyotype = 14M+2SM+2A (Uruguay) (Goni et al., 1983) (as Conomyrma pyramica).

Etymology

Cuezzo and Guerrero (2011) - The name of pyramicus refers to the typical tubercle or cone on propodeum present in all species of Dorymyrmex, giving to the propodeal angle an appearance of pyramid. Several Dorymyrmex species are known as “pyramid ants.”

References

References based on Global Ant Biodiversity Informatics

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