Eciton dulcium

Eciton dulcium
Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Arthropoda
Class:	Insecta
Order:	Hymenoptera
Family:	Formicidae
Subfamily:	Dorylinae
Genus:	Eciton
Species:	E. dulcium
Binomial name
Eciton dulcium Forel, 1912 Specimen Labels
Subspecies
Eciton dulcium crassinode Borgmeier, 1955
Synonyms
Eciton dulcius jujuyensis Santschi, 1921 Eciton hirsutum Santschi, 1912

Distribution

Latitudinal Distribution Pattern

Latitudinal Range: 10.99261° to -31.654552°.

North Temperate	North Subtropical	Tropical	South Subtropical	South Temperate

• Source: AntMaps

Distribution based on Regional Taxon Lists

Neotropical Region: Argentina, Brazil (type locality), Paraguay.

Distribution based on AntMaps

Distribution based on AntWeb specimens

Check data from AntWeb

Countries Occupied

Number of countries occupied by this species based on AntWiki Regional Taxon Lists. In general, fewer countries occupied indicates a narrower range, while more countries indicates a more widespread species.

Estimated Abundance

Relative abundance based on number of AntMaps records per species (this species within the purple bar). Fewer records (to the left) indicates a less abundant/encountered species while more records (to the right) indicates more abundant/encountered species.

Biology

Association with Other Organisms

 Explore: Show all Associate data or Search these data. See also a list of all data tables or learn how data is managed.

• This species is a host for the diapriid wasp Notoxoides pronotalis (a parasite) in Argentina (Loiacono, 2013; Gonzalez et al., 2016; www.diapriid.org).
• This species is a host for the strepsipteran Myrmecolax borgmeieri (a parasite) (Cook, 2019).
• This species is a host for the strepsipteran Pseudacteon pusillus (a parasite) (Quevillon, 2018) (encounter mode secondary; indirect transmission; transmission outside nest).
• This species is a associate (details unknown) for the phorid fly Ecitophora parva (a associate (details unknown)) (Quevillon, 2018).

Castes

Worker

Images from AntWeb

Worker. Specimen code casent0249454. Photographer Will Ericson, uploaded by California Academy of Sciences.	Owned by PSWC, Philip S. Ward Collection.

Worker. Specimen code casent0249455. Photographer Will Ericson, uploaded by California Academy of Sciences.	Owned by PSWC, Philip S. Ward Collection.

Lectotype of Eciton dulcium. Worker. Specimen code casent0905939. Photographer Will Ericson, uploaded by California Academy of Sciences.	Owned by MHNG, Geneva, Switzerland.

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Soldier

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Queen

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Male

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Phylogeny

Relationships among species of Eciton based on Winston et al. (2016). The species Eciton jansoni, Eciton quadriglume, Eciton setigaster and Eciton uncinatum were not included in this study.

Eciton	Eciton dulcium Eciton vagans Eciton quadriglume Eciton rapax Eciton mexicanum Eciton lucanoides Eciton burchellii Eciton drepanophorum Eciton hamatum

Nomenclature

The following information is derived from Barry Bolton's Online Catalogue of the Ants of the World.

• dulcium. Eciton quadriglume r. dulcius Forel, 1912c: 42 (w.) BRAZIL (São Paulo).
  • Type-material: syntype workers (number not stated).
  • Type-locality: Brazil: São Paulo State (von Ihering).
  • [Note: Borgmeier, 1955: 203 says, “I can safely say that the type-locality is Franca in São Paulo State”. However, Borgmeier gives Garbe as collector’s name for this material, whereas Forel had named von Ihering as collector of the syntypes. The Borgmeier specimens are in MZSP.]
  • Type-depository: MHNG.
  • [Misspelled as dulcis by Santschi, 1916b: 510, Santschi, 1919f: 39; misspelled as dulce by Santschi, 1921g: 90, Borgmeier, 1923: 101.]
  • Luederwaldt, 1920: 10 (s.); Borgmeier, 1939: 406 (m.); Borgmeier, 1955: 203 (q.).
  • Combination in E. (Holopone): Santschi, 1925b: 11.
  • Subspecies of quadriglume: Forel, 1913l: 208; Bruch, 1914: 215; Santschi, 1916b: 510; Luederwaldt, 1920: 10; Gallardo, 1920: 316; Borgmeier, 1923: 39.
  • Status as species: Santschi, 1921g: 90; Borgmeier, 1923: 101; Santschi, 1936d: 402; Borgmeier, 1939: 406; Borgmeier, 1948b: 459; Borgmeier, 1953: 9; Borgmeier, 1955: 203 (redescription); Kempf, 1972a: 102; Watkins, 1976: 9 (in key); Brandão, 1991: 341; Bolton, 1995b: 184; Palacio, 1999: 151 (in key); Wild, 2007b: 25; Palacio, 2019: 601.
  • Senior synonym of hirsutum: Borgmeier, 1948b: 459; Borgmeier, 1953: 13; Borgmeier, 1955: 203; Kempf, 1972a: 102; Bolton, 1995b: 184.
  • Senior synonym of jujuyensis: Borgmeier, 1948b: 459; Borgmeier, 1955: 203; Kempf, 1972a: 102; Bolton, 1995b: 184.
  • Distribution: Argentina, Brazil, Colombia, Paraguay.
  • Current subspecies: nominal plus crassinode.
• hirsutum. Eciton hirsutum Santschi, 1912e: 523, fig. 2 (m.) ARGENTINA (Misiones).
  • Type-material: holotype male.
  • Type-locality: Argentina: Misiones (A. Breyer).
  • Type-depository: NHMB.
  • Status as species: Bruch, 1915: 528; Gallardo, 1920: 342.
  • Subspecies of dulcium: Santschi, 1936d: 402.
  • Junior synonym of dulcium: Borgmeier, 1948b: 459; Borgmeier, 1953: 13; Borgmeier, 1955: 203; Kempf, 1972a: 102; Bolton, 1995b: 185.
• jujuyensis. Eciton dulcius var. jujuyensis Santschi, 1919f: 39.
  • Type-material: syntype workers (number not stated).
  • Type-locality: Argentina: Jujuy (Bruch).
  • Type-depository: MHNG.
  • [First available use of Eciton (Eciton) quadriglume r. dulcius var. jujuyensis Forel, 1913l: 208 (w.) ARGENTINA (Jujuy); unavailable (infrasubspecific) name.]
  • Gallardo, 1920: 322 (l.); Bruch, 1923: 177 (q.); Bruch, 1934c: 264 (m.).
  • As unavailable (infrasubspecific) name: Bruch, 1914: 215; Gallardo, 1920: 320.
  • Subspecies of dulcium: Santschi, 1921g: 91; Bruch, 1923: 172; Bruch, 1934c: 261.
  • Junior synonym of hirsutum: Santschi, 1936d: 402.
  • Junior synonym of dulcium: Borgmeier, 1948b: 459; Borgmeier, 1955: 203; Kempf, 1972a: 102; Bolton, 1995b: 185.

References

• Borgmeier, T. 1939. Nova contribuiça~o para o conhecimento das formigas neotropicas (Hym. Formicidae). Rev. Entomol. (Rio J.) 10: 403-428 (page 406, male described, Raised to species, Senior synonym of hirsutum (and its junior synonym jujuyensis))
• Borgmeier, T. 1953. Vorarbeiten zu einer Revision der neotropischen Wanderameisen. Stud. Entomol. 2: 1-51 (page 9, see also)
• Borgmeier, T. 1955. Die Wanderameisen der neotropischen Region. Stud. Entomol. 3: 1-720 (page 203, soldier, queen described)
• Brückner, A., Hoenle, P.O., von Beeren, C. 2018. Comparative chemical analysis of army ant mandibular gland volatiles (Formicidae: Dorylinae). PeerJ 6, e5319 (doi:10.7717/peerj.5319).
• Cook, J.L. 2019. Annotated catalog of the order Strepsiptera of the world. Transactions of the American Entomological Society 144: 121-267 (doi:10.3157/061.145.0202).
• Forel, A. 1912d. Formicides néotropiques. Part I. Ann. Soc. Entomol. Belg. 56: 28-49 (page 42, worker described)
• Gonzalez, C., Wcislo, W., Cambra, R., Wheeler, T., Fernandez-Marın, H. 2016. A new ectoparasitoid species of Pseudogaurax Malloch, 1915 (Diptera: Chloropidae), attacking the fungus-growing ant, Apterostigma dentigerum Wheeler, 1925 (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). Annals of the Entomological Society of America 109(4): 639–645 (doi:10.1093/aesa/saw023).
• Loiacono, M.S., Margarıa, C.B., Aquino, D.A. 2013. Diapriinae wasps (Hymenoptera: Diaprioidea: Diapriidae) associated with ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) in Argentina. Psyche 2013: Article 320590 (doi:10.1155/2013/320590).
• Mendoza-Guido, B., Rodríguez-Hernández, N., Ivens, A.B.F., von Beeren, C., Murillo-Cruz, C., Zuniga-Chaves, I., Łukasik, P., Sanchez, E., Kronauer, D.J.C., Pinto-Tomás, A.A. 2023. Low diversity and host specificity in the gut microbiome community of Eciton army ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae: Dorylinae) in a Costa Rican rainforest. Myrmecological News 33: 19-34 (doi:10.25849/MYRMECOL.NEWS_033:019).
• Parmentier, T. 2020. Guests of Social Insects. In: Encyclopedia of Social Insects (doi:10.1007/978-3-319-90306-4_164-1).
• Santschi, F. 1921g. Ponerinae, Dorylinae et quelques autres formicides néotropiques. Bull. Soc. Vaudoise Sci. Nat. 54: 81-103 (page 90, Raised to species)
• Santschi, F. 1925b [1924]. Nouvelles fourmis brésiliennes. Ann. Soc. Entomol. Belg. 64: 5-20 (page 11, Combination in E. (Holopone))
• Winston, M.E., Kronauer, D.J.C. & Moreau, C.S. 2016. Early and dynamic colonization of Central America drives speciation in Neotropical army ants. Molecular Ecology (doi: 10.1111/mec.13846).

References based on Global Ant Biodiversity Informatics

• Baroni Urbani C. 1977. Katalog der Typen von Formicidae (Hymenoptera) der Sammlung des Naturhistorischen Museums Basel (2. Teil). Mitt. Entomol. Ges. Basel (n.s.) 27: 61-102.
• Borgmeier T. 1923. Catalogo systematico e synonymico das formigas do Brasil. 1 parte. Subfam. Dorylinae, Cerapachyinae, Ponerinae, Dolichoderinae. Archivos do Museu Nacional (Rio de Janeiro) 24: 33-103.
• Borgmeier T. 1948. Einige Ameisen aus Argentinien (Hym. Formicidae). Revista de Entomologia (Rio de Janeiro) 19: 459-471.
• Borgmeier T. 1953. Vorarbeiten zu einer Revision der neotropischen Wanderameisen. Studia Entomologica 2: 1-51.
• Borgmeier T. 1955. Die Wanderameisen der neotropischen Region. Studia Entomologica 3: 1-720.
• Bruch C. 1914. Catálogo sistemático de los formícidos argentinos. Revista del Museo de La Plata 19: 211-234.
• Bruch C. 1915. Suplemento al catálogo de los formícidos argentinos. I. (Addenda et corrigenda). Revista del Museo de La Plata 19: 527-537.
• Bruch C. 1923. Estudios mirmecológicos con la descripción de nuevas especies de dípteros (Phoridae) por los Rr. Pp. H. Schmitz y Th. Borgmeier y de una araña (Gonyleptidae) por el Doctor Mello-Leitão. Revista del Museo de La Plata 27: 172-220.
• Cuezzo, F. 1998. Formicidae. Chapter 42 in Morrone J.J., and S. Coscaron (dirs) Biodiversidad de artropodos argentinos: una perspectiva biotaxonomica Ediciones Sur, La Plata. Pages 452-462.
• Fernández F., E. E. Palacio, W. P. Mackay, and E. S. MacKay. 1996. Introducción al estudio de las hormigas (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) de Colombia. Pp. 349-412 in: Andrade M. G., G. Amat García, and F. Fernández. (eds.) 1996. Insectos de Colombia. Estudios escogidos. Bogotá: Academia Colombiana de Ciencias Exactas, Físicas y Naturales, 541 pp
• Field Museum Collection, Chicago, Illinois (C. Moreau)
• Forel A. 1912. Formicides néotropiques. Part I. Annales de la Société Entomologique de Belgique. 56: 28-49.
• Gallardo A. 1920. Las hormigas de la República Argentina. Subfamilia Dorilinas. Anales del Museo Nacional de Historia Natural de Buenos Aires 30: 281-410.
• INBio Collection (via Gbif)
• Kempf W. W. 1978. A preliminary zoogeographical analysis of a regional ant fauna in Latin America. 114. Studia Entomologica 20: 43-62.
• Kempf, W.W. 1972. Catalago abreviado das formigas da regiao Neotropical (Hym. Formicidae) Studia Entomologica 15(1-4).
• Kusnezov N. 1978. Hormigas argentinas: clave para su identificación. Miscelánea. Instituto Miguel Lillo 61:1-147 + 28 pl.
• Loiacono M. S., C. B. Margaria, and D. A. Aquino. 2013. Diapriinae wasps (Hymenoptera: Diaprioidea: Diapriidae) associated with ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) in Argentina. Psyche http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/320590
• Luederwaldt H. 1920. Neue Brasilianische Ameisen. Sa~o Paulo: Weiszflog Irmaos, 14 pp
• O'Donnell S., J. Lattke, S. Powell, and M. Kaspari. 2007. Army ants in four forests: geographic variation in raid rates and species composition. Journal of Animal Ecology 76: 580-589.
• Santschi F. 1912. Quelques fourmis de l'Amérique australe. Revue Suisse de Zoologie 20: 519-534.
• Santschi F. 1916. Descriptions de fourmis nouvelles d'Afrique et d'Amérique. Annales de la Société Entomologique de France 84: 497-513.
• Santschi F. 1921. Ponerinae, Dorylinae et quelques autres formicides néotropiques. Bulletin de la Société Vaudoise des Sciences Naturelles 54: 81-103.
• Santschi F. 1936. Fourmis nouvelles ou intéressantes de la République Argentine. Revista de Entomologia (Rio de Janeiro). 6: 402-421.
• Silvestre R., C. R. F. Brandão, and R. R. Silva da 2003. Grupos funcionales de hormigas: el caso de los gremios del cerrado. Pp. 113-148 in: Fernández, F. (ed.) 2003. Introducción a las hormigas de la región Neotropical. Bogotá: Instituto de Investigación de Recursos Biológicos Alexander von Humboldt, xxvi + 424 pp.
• Vittar, F. 2008. Hormigas (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) de la Mesopotamia Argentina. INSUGEO Miscelania 17(2):447-466
• Vittar, F., and F. Cuezzo. "Hormigas (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) de la provincia de Santa Fe, Argentina." Revista de la Sociedad Entomológica Argentina (versión On-line ISSN 1851-7471) 67, no. 1-2 (2008).
• Watkins J. F., II 1976. The identification and distribution of New World army ants (Dorylinae: Formicidae). Waco, Texas: Baylor University Press, 102 pp
• Wild, A. L.. "A catalogue of the ants of Paraguay (Hymenoptera: Formicidae)." Zootaxa 1622 (2007): 1-55.