Pheidole socrates

AntWiki: The Ants --- Online
Pheidole socrates
Scientific classification
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Arthropoda
Class: Insecta
Order: Hymenoptera
Family: Formicidae
Subfamily: Myrmicinae
Tribe: Attini
Genus: Pheidole
Species: P. socrates
Binomial name
Pheidole socrates
Forel, 1912

Pheidole socrates casent0908091 p 1 high.jpg

Pheidole socrates casent0908091 d 1 high.jpg

Specimen Labels

Nothing is known about the biology of socrates.

Identification

See the description in the nomenclature section.

Keys including this Species

Distribution

Amazonian Brazil to the Guianas (French Guiana, Guyana, Suriname). Kempf (1972b) records socrates from Trinidad, but I have not seen the specimens. (Wilson 2003)

Latitudinal Distribution Pattern

Latitudinal Range: 5.665549° to -1.456°.

 
North
Temperate
North
Subtropical
Tropical South
Subtropical
South
Temperate

Distribution based on Regional Taxon Lists

Neotropical Region: Brazil (type locality), French Guiana, Guyana, Suriname.

Distribution based on AntMaps

AntMapLegend.png

Distribution based on AntWeb specimens

Check data from AntWeb

Countries Occupied

Number of countries occupied by this species based on AntWiki Regional Taxon Lists. In general, fewer countries occupied indicates a narrower range, while more countries indicates a more widespread species.
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Estimated Abundance

Relative abundance based on number of AntMaps records per species (this species within the purple bar). Fewer records (to the left) indicates a less abundant/encountered species while more records (to the right) indicates more abundant/encountered species.
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Biology

Castes

Worker

Minor

Images from AntWeb

Pheidole socrates casent0908092 h 1 high.jpgPheidole socrates casent0908092 p 1 high.jpgPheidole socrates casent0908092 d 1 high.jpgPheidole socrates casent0908092 l 1 high.jpg
Paralectotype of Pheidole socratesWorker. Specimen code casent0908092. Photographer Z. Lieberman, uploaded by California Academy of Sciences. Owned by MHNG, Geneva, Switzerland.

Nomenclature

The following information is derived from Barry Bolton's Online Catalogue of the Ants of the World.

  • socrates. Pheidole biconstricta r. socrates Forel, 1912f: 223 (s.w.) BRAZIL. Raised to species: Wilson, 2003: 149.

Unless otherwise noted the text for the remainder of this section is reported from the publication that includes the original description.

Description

From Wilson (2003): A large, light reddish yellow member of the biconstricta group, possessing spines in major and minor. In the major, also, longitudinal carinulae of frontal lobes extend in attenuated form posteriorly to near the occipital border. In the minor, the occiput is exceptionally broad in full-face view.

Otherwise, close to Pheidole biconstricta and Pheidole plato.

MEASUREMENTS (mm) Lectotype major: HW 1.84, HL 1.80, SL 1.10, EL 0.26, PW 0.88. Paralectotype minor: HW 0.88, HL 0.94, SL 1.08, EL 0.10, PW 0.56.

COLOR Major and minor: concolorous light reddish yellow.


Pheidole socrates Wilson 2003.jpg

Figure. Upper: lectotype, major. Lower: paralectotype, minor. Scale bars = 1 mm.

Lectotype Specimen Labels

Type Material

BRAZIL: Belém. Musee d'Histoire Naturelle Genève - as reported in Wilson (2003)

Etymology

L socrates, presumably after the philosopher. (Wilson 2003)

References

References based on Global Ant Biodiversity Informatics

  • Fernández, F. and S. Sendoya. 2004. Lista de las hormigas neotropicales. Biota Colombiana Volume 5, Number 1.
  • Forel A. 1912. Formicides néotropiques. Part III. 3me sous-famille Myrmicinae (suite). Genres Cremastogaster et Pheidole. Mémoires de la Société Entomologique de Belgique. 19: 211-237.
  • Franco W., N. Ladino, J. H. C. Delabie, A. Dejean, J. Orivel, M. Fichaux, S. Groc, M. Leponce, and R. M. Feitosa. 2019. First checklist of the ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) of French Guiana. Zootaxa 4674(5): 509-543.
  • Kempf, W.W. 1972. Catalago abreviado das formigas da regiao Neotropical (Hym. Formicidae) Studia Entomologica 15(1-4).
  • Lapolla, J. S., and S. P. Cover. "New species of Pheidole (Hymenoptera : Formicidae) from Guyana, with a list of species known from the country." Transactions of the American Entomological Society 131, no. 3-4 (2005): 365-374.
  • Wheeler W. M. 1922. The ants of Trinidad. American Museum Novitates 45: 1-16.