Temnothorax splendens

Temnothorax splendens
Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Arthropoda
Class:	Insecta
Order:	Hymenoptera
Family:	Formicidae
Subfamily:	Myrmicinae
Tribe:	Crematogastrini
Genus:	Temnothorax
Species group:	sallei
Species:	T. splendens
Binomial name
Temnothorax splendens (Wheeler, W.M., 1905) Specimen Labels
Synonyms
Macromischa scabripes Mann, 1920 Macromischa scabripes brunneipes Wheeler, W.M., 1937

Four colonies of this superb species were found, June 25, nesting in hollow culms of Cladium jamaicense, in marshy ground along the road that leads from Grant's Town to the Blue Hills near Nassau, N. P. There were only 50-75 ants in a colony. They were timid, and moved about rather slowly, with the gaster bent forward between the long hind legs. The nest entrance was a small round hole in one of the internodes of the sedge culm, which was filled with the translucent larva and pupae. (Wheeler 1905)

Identification

Prebus (2017) - A member of the sallei clade.

Wheeler (1905) - T. splendens belongs to the group of beautiful Cuban species (Temnothorax purpuratus, Temnothorax porphyritis, Temnothorax squamifer, Temnothorax versicolor, and Temnothorax iris), described many years ago by Roger, but not since seen by myrmecologists. The new species seems to be most closely related to M. squamifera, but according to Roger's description, this species has the head rugose only in front of the eyes, the postpetiole is not broader than the petiole, the node of the latter is strongly compressed anteroposteriorly, and the hind metatarsus is shorter than the tibia.

Distribution

Latitudinal Distribution Pattern

Latitudinal Range: 23.133° to 20.52885°.

North Temperate	North Subtropical	Tropical	South Subtropical	South Temperate

• Source: AntMaps

Distribution based on Regional Taxon Lists

Neotropical Region: Bahamas (type locality), Cuba, Greater Antilles.

Distribution based on AntMaps

Distribution based on AntWeb specimens

Check data from AntWeb

Countries Occupied

Number of countries occupied by this species based on AntWiki Regional Taxon Lists. In general, fewer countries occupied indicates a narrower range, while more countries indicates a more widespread species.

Estimated Abundance

Relative abundance based on number of AntMaps records per species (this species within the purple bar). Fewer records (to the left) indicates a less abundant/encountered species while more records (to the right) indicates more abundant/encountered species.

Nomenclature

The following information is derived from Barry Bolton's Online Catalogue of the Ants of the World.

• splendens. Macromischa splendens Wheeler, W.M. 1905b: 98, pl. 7, fig. 9 (w.q.m.) BAHAMAS. Combination in Leptothorax: Baroni Urbani, 1978b: 505; in Temnothorax: Bolton, 2003: 272. Senior synonym of scabripes: Fontenla Rizo, 1997a: 52.
• scabripes. Macromischa (Macromischa) scabripes Mann, 1920: 416, fig. 4 (w.) CUBA. Combination in Leptothorax: Baroni Urbani, 1978b: 496. Senior synonym of brunneipes: Baroni Urbani, 1978b: 496. Junior synonym of splendens: Fontenla Rizo, 1997a: 52.
• brunneipes. Macromischa scabripes var. brunneipes Wheeler, W.M. 1937b: 449 (w.) CUBA. Junior synonym of scabripes: Baroni Urbani, 1978b: 496.

Unless otherwise noted the text for the remainder of this section is reported from the publication that includes the original description.

Description

Worker

Length 3-3.5 mm.

Head, excluding the mandibles, distinctly longer than broad, sides subparallel, posterior corners broadly rounded, posterior border straight. Eyes prominent, in the middle of the sides of the head. Mandibles 5-toothed. Anterior border of clypeus very faintly excised in the middle. Antennae 12-jointed; scape reaching to the posterior corner of the head; funiculus with a distinct 3-jointed club, the last joint of which is longer than the two preceding subequal joints; joints 2-8 somewhat broader than long. Thorax without a mesoepinotal suture or constriction, but slightly arched above, its dorsal surface somewhat flattened, in profile fully three times as long as high; seen from above it is a little wider in front than behind, with rounded humeral angles and subparallel sides. Epinotal spines shorter than the concave declivity of the epinotum, about twice as long as the distance between their bases, directed outward, upward, and backward, their tips slightly curved downward. Petiole with a slender peduncle, bluntly toothed on its ventral surface; node abrupt and prominent, evenly rounded in profile. Postpetiole campanulate, half again as broad as the petiole. Gaster small, with a very long and powerful sting. Legs long, especially the hind pair, with much thickened femora and tibiae. Hind metatarsus as long as the tibia.

Body shining; petiole, postpetiole, gaster, and legs shining. Mandibles very coarsely rugose-punctate. Clypeus and whole head longitudinally rugose, the rugae of the latter being somewhat vermiculate. Thoracic dorsum crossed by a regular series of deep, curved furrows, which are continued back even over the declivity of the epinotum and obliquely forward and downward on the pleurae, so that there is no interruption in the sculpture of the thorax except on the neck, which is much more finely and transversely reticulate-rugose. Legs finely reticulate, covered with very coarse piligerous punctures.

Body and appendages clothed throughout with abundant, erect, long, slender, silvery white hairs.

Head and thorax deep metallic green, passing on the cheeks, pleurae, and epinotum into metallic violet. Mandibles, clypeus, frontal carinae, neck, terminal tarsal joints, sting, and anterior end of petiolar peduncle dull orange; remainder of petiole, postpetiole, gaster and legs deep black; coxae, trochanters, and extreme bases of femora honey-yellow.

Queen

Length 4-4.5 mm.

Resembling the worker. The epinotal spines are much shorter, more rapidly tapering, and further apart at their bases than long. The pronotum is transversely and irregularly rugose, the mesonotum and paraptera are evenly and longitudinally rugose; the scutellum has three systems of rugae, one oblique on either side and meeting in the middle, and one consisting of a few transverse rugae in the middle near the posterior edge of the sclerite. Epinotum transversely furrowed like the whole thorax of the worker. On the pleurae the rugae are longitudinal. The legs have the same structure as in the worker. In color the following differences can be detected: A broad band across the middle of the head is metallic bronze, or golden, and the petiole and postpetiole have a slightly metallic violet tinge. The venter and bases of the gastric segments, except the first, are yellowish brown.

Male

Length 3-3.5 mm.

Head, excluding the mandibles, longer than broad, much broader behind than in front. Cheeks long, subparallel. Eyes prominent, in the middle of the sides of the head. Posterior corners of the head rounded, posterior border convex. Mandibles large, 6-toothed. Clypeus convex, faintly emarginate in the middle. Antennae I3-jointed, very slender; scape nearly as long as the funiculus, and extending about one third its length beyond the posterior corner of the head; funiculus with an indistinct 4-jointed club, the last joint of which is nearly as long as the three preceding joints; remaining funicular joints somewhat longer than broad, first joint conspicuously thickened. Thorax with very deep Mayrian furrows and a very deep promesonotal constriction, so that the front of the mesonotum rises abruptly. Scutellum with a prominent median keel. Epinotum very small, distinctly angular in profile, but quite unarmed. Petiole very long and slender, the peduncle, which has no tooth on its ventral surface, passing in profile gradually into the very low node; in dorsal view the petiole widens gradually toward its posterior end, which is about one fourth as broad as the length of the segment. Postpetiole about half again as broad as the petiole, campanulate, as long as broad. Gaster rather short, compressed dorsoventrally, genitalia prominent and exserted in some of the specimens. Legs long and slender, femora and tibiwe hardly incrassated. Wings with a very prominent stigma, with a single cubital and no discal cell.

Mandibles and clypeus coarsely punctate, the latter also coarsely and longitudinally rugose. Head and thorax subopaque, densely reticulate-rugose, the rugwe being longitudinal on the head, mesonotum, and scutellum, and transverse on the pronotum; mesopleurae rather smooth and shining. Petiole, postpetiole, gaster, and legs glabrous.

Hairs white and erect on the body, antennae, and legs, but less conspicuous than in the worker.

Black, the head and thorax with an indistinct metallic greenish lustre in some specimens. Mandibles, clypeus, cheeks, front, and sides of pronotum, wing-insertions, metapleurae, coxae, and trochanters dull orange or brownish. Genitalia and terminal tarsal joints pale yellow. Wings whitish hyaline; veins colorless, stigma yellowish.

Type Material

Four colonies of this superb species were found, June 25, nesting in hollow culms of Cladium jamaicense, in marshy ground along the road that leads from Grant's Town to the Blue Hills near Nassau, N. P.

References

• Baroni Urbani, C. 1978b. Materiali per una revisione dei Leptothorax neotropicali appartenenti al sottogenere Macromischa Roger, n. comb. (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). Entomol. Basil. 3: 395-618 (page 505, Combination in Leptothorax)
• Bolton, B. 2003. Synopsis and Classification of Formicidae. Mem. Am. Entomol. Inst. 71: 370pp (page 272, Combination in Temnothorax)
• Fontenla Rizo, J. L. 1997b. Notas y sinónimos nuevos de Leptothorax (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) de Cuba. Avicennia 7: 47-53 (page 52, Senior synonym of scabripes)
• Prebus, M. 2017. Insights into the evolution, biogeography and natural history of the acorn ants, genus Temnothorax Mayr (hymenoptera: Formicidae). Bmc Evolutionary Biology. 17:250. doi:10.1186/s12862-017-1095-8 (The doi link to the publication's journal webpage provides access to the 24 files that accompany this article).
• Salata, S., Borowiec, L., Trichas, A. 2020. Review of ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) of Crete, with keys to species determination and zoogeographical remarks. Monographs of the Upper Silesian Museum No 12: 5–296 (doi:10.5281/ZENODO.3738001).
• Wheeler, W. M. 1905c. The ants of the Bahamas, with a list of the known West Indian species. Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist. 21: 79-135 (page 98, pl. 7, fig. 9 worker, queen, male described)
• Wheeler, W. M. 1931b. New and little-known ants of the genera Macromischa, Creosomyrmex and Antillaemyrmex. Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology. 72:1-34.

References based on Global Ant Biodiversity Informatics

• Alayo D. P. 1974. Introduccion al estudio de los Himenopteros de Cuba. Superfamilia Formicoidea. Academia de Ciencias de Cuba. Instituto de Zoologia. Serie Biologica no.53: 58 pp. La Habana.
• Baroni Urbani C. 1978. Materiali per una revisione dei Leptothorax neotropicali appartenenti al sottogenere Macromischa Roger, n. comb. (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). Entomol. Basil. 3: 395-618.
• Brandao, C.R.F. 1991. Adendos ao catalogo abreviado das formigas da regiao neotropical (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). Rev. Bras. Entomol. 35: 319-412.
• Deyrup M., L. Davis, and S. Buckner. 1998. Composition of the ant fauna of three Bahamian islands. Proceedings of the seventh symposium on the natural history of the Bahamas. 23-32. Bahamian Field Station, San Salvador, Bahamas
• Fontanla Rizo J.L. 1997. Lista preliminar de las hormigas de Cuba. Cocuyo 6: 18-21.
• Fontenla J. L. 2001. Claves para las especies cubanas del taxon Macromischa (Hymenoptera: Formicidae: Leptothorax). Cocuyo (Havana) 11: 15-17.
• Fontenla J. L., and J. Alfonso-Simonetti. 2018. Classification of Cuban ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) into functional groups. Poeyana Revista Cubana de Zoologia 506: 21-30.
• Fontenla Rizo J. L. 1993. Composición y estructura de comunidades de hormigas en un sistema de formaciones vegetales costeras. Poeyana. Instituto de Ecología y Sistemática, Academia de Ciencias de Cuba 441:1-19.
• Fontenla Rizo J. L. 1997. Lista preliminar de las hormigas de Cuba (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). Cocuyo 6: 18-21.
• Fontenla Rizo J. L. 1997. Notas y sinónimos nuevos de Leptothorax (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) de Cuba. Avicennia 6/7: 47-53.
• Kempf, W.W. 1972. Catalago abreviado das formigas da regiao Neotropical (Hym. Formicidae) Studia Entomologica 15(1-4).
• Kusnezov N. 1963. Zoogeografia de las hormigas en sudamerica. Acta Zoologica Lilloana 19: 25-186
• Mann W. M. 1920. Additions to the ant fauna of the West Indies and Central America. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 42: 403-439.
• Morrison L. W. 1998. A review of Bahamian ant (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) biogeography. Journal of Biogeography 25: 561-571.
• Portuondo E. F., and J. L. Reyes. 2002. Mirmecofauna de los macizos montañosos de Sierra Maestra y Nipe-Sagua-Baracoa. Cocuyo 12: 10-13
• Portuondo Ferrer, E. and J. Fernandez Triana. Biodiversidad del orden Hymenoptera en Los Macizos Montanosos de Cuba Oriental. Boletin S.E.A. 35:121-136.
• Wheeler W. M. 1905. The ants of the Bahamas, with a list of the known West Indian species. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 21: 79-135.
• Wheeler W. M. 1931. New and little-known ants of the genera Macromischa, Creosomyrmex and Antillaemyrmex. Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology 72: 1-34.
• Wheeler W. M. 1937. Ants mostly from the mountains of Cuba. Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology. 81: 439-465.