Vollenhovia emeryi

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Vollenhovia emeryi
Scientific classification
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Arthropoda
Class: Insecta
Order: Hymenoptera
Family: Formicidae
Subfamily: Myrmicinae
Tribe: Crematogastrini
Genus: Vollenhovia
Species: V. emeryi
Binomial name
Vollenhovia emeryi
Wheeler, W.M., 1906

Vollenhovia emeryi casent0003196 profile 1.jpg

Vollenhovia emeryi casent0003196 dorsal 1.jpg

Specimen labels

Synonyms


Common Name
Umematsu-ari
Language: Japanese

Vollenhovia emeryi has colonies of two types: Type 1 colonies are usually monogynous with alate females, the reproductive offspring of which are also alate females; Type 2 colonies are usually polygynous and have short-winged reproductive females, the reproductive female offspring of which are also short-winged. Type 1 colonies reproduce sexually and are found mainly in montain forests, nesting in decaying wood. Type 2 colonies reproduce clonally and are found in or near riverside forests, also nesting in decaying wood. In both types the alate females and males hibernate within the nests. Vollenhovia nipponica is a parasite frequently found in Type 2 colonies of V. emeryi. Heterick & Kitching (2022) collected this species on tree trunks within a lowland dipterocarp forest in Brunei.


At a Glance • Parthenogenetic  • Polygynous  • Brachypterous Queen  • Limited invasive  

Photo Gallery

  • Vollenhovia emeryi colonies contain many laying queens. This photograph shows two, with workers and pupae. Washington, DC, USA. Photo by Alex Wild.
  • Vollenhovia-emeryi 1833.jpg
  • Full-face view of worker of Vollenhovia emeryi. Photo by Minsoo Dong.

Identification

Keys including this Species

Distribution

Latitudinal Distribution Pattern

Latitudinal Range: 38.283333° to 30.30894°.

   
North
Temperate
North
Subtropical
Tropical South
Subtropical
South
Temperate

Distribution based on Regional Taxon Lists

Indo-Australian Region: Brunei Darussalam.
Nearctic Region: United States.
Oriental Region: Cambodia, Taiwan, Thailand.
Palaearctic Region: China, Democratic Peoples Republic of Korea, Japan (type locality), Republic of Korea.

Distribution based on AntMaps

AntMapLegend.png

Distribution based on AntWeb specimens

Check data from AntWeb

Countries Occupied

Number of countries occupied by this species based on AntWiki Regional Taxon Lists. In general, fewer countries occupied indicates a narrower range, while more countries indicates a more widespread species.
pChart

Estimated Abundance

Relative abundance based on number of AntMaps records per species (this species within the purple bar). Fewer records (to the left) indicates a less abundant/encountered species while more records (to the right) indicates more abundant/encountered species.
pChart

Biology

Miyakawa et al. (2018) studied the details of genetic control of sex deterimination in this species. They concluded the doublesex (dsx) gene appears to integrate signal from a multi-locus complementary sex determination system to control if females or males develop from an egg.

This species is a host for the ant Vollenhovia nipponica (a workerless inquiline) in Japan (Kinomura, 1992).

Reproduction

This species has two modes of reproduction. Clonally produced, homozygous queens have short malformed wings. Long-winged dispersing queens, with heterozygous genomes and so not produced clonally, can be produced facultatively. Queens eclose before fall hibernation. Clonal queens mate in their natal nest before hibernation. In the spring new colonies can be formed by budding. Laboratory colonies collected from field sites in Japan and provided with more food than a second set of colonies produced long-winged queens, non-dispersing queens and more queens overall. The colonies that were fed half as much food only produced clonal short-winged queens. Laboratory produced long-winged queens were not inseminated after eclosing while the short-winged queens were all found to be inseminated. Presumably the long-winged queens mate after hibernation in the spring (Okomoto et al. 2015, Ohkawara et al. 2002).


  • Graphical summary of the unusual reproduction system of V. emeryi and the experimental design. Females and males are diploid and haploid, respectively, as indicated by the number of oval cartoon chromosomes, which are colored red and blue in queens (a) and males (b) in the parental generation (F0). V. emeryi reproduce clonally (via thelytoky and androgenesis), as well as sexually, with all possible offspring shown in F1. These reproductive modes produce four types of offspring: clonal queens by thelytoky (c), queens and workers by sexual reproduction (d and e), and androgenetically produced clonal males (f) that are identical to their fathers despite developing from queen-laid eggs [22] [20,21]. The experimental cross (encircled by a dashed line), which is genetically identical to a backcross, mated sexually produced queens (e) and clonal males (f) in the F1 generation and scored diploid male production in the F2 generation. The F2 offspring are not depicted in this diagram. (Miyakawa & Mikheyev, 2015, Fig. 1)

Genetics

The genome of V. emeryi was sequenced for a study examining how parasitic ants with no worker caste may have altered their genome to arrive at a workerless state. In comparison to ants with a full complement of castes, there appeared to be no loss of genes in the parasitic ants. This suggests regulatory differences and not sequence differences predominate in gains and losses of castes (phenotypes). (Smith et al. 2015)

Life History Traits

  • Queen number: polygynous (Frumhoff & Ward, 1992)

Castes

Both winged and brachypterous queens are known (Ohkawara et al. 2006)

Worker

Images from AntWeb

Vollenhovia emeryi casent0006098 head 1.jpgVollenhovia emeryi casent0006098 profile 1.jpgVollenhovia emeryi casent0006098 dorsal 1.jpgVollenhovia emeryi casent0006098 label 1.jpg
Worker. Specimen code casent0006098. Photographer April Nobile, uploaded by California Academy of Sciences. Owned by CAS, San Francisco, CA, USA.

Queen

Images from AntWeb

Vollenhovia emeryi casent0006077 head 1.jpgVollenhovia emeryi casent0006077 profile 1.jpgVollenhovia emeryi casent0006077 dorsal 1.jpgVollenhovia emeryi casent0006077 label 1.jpg
Queen (alate/dealate). Specimen code casent0006077. Photographer April Nobile, uploaded by California Academy of Sciences. Owned by UCDC, Davis, CA, USA.
Vollenhovia emeryi casent0006074 head 1.jpgVollenhovia emeryi casent0006074 profile 1.jpgVollenhovia emeryi casent0006074 dorsal 1.jpgVollenhovia emeryi casent0006074 label 1.jpg
Worker. Specimen code casent0006074. Photographer April Nobile, uploaded by California Academy of Sciences. Owned by UCDC, Davis, CA, USA.

Nomenclature

The following information is derived from Barry Bolton's Online Catalogue of the Ants of the World.

  • emeryi. Vollenhovia emeryi Wheeler, W.M. 1906c: 312, pl. 41, figs. 10, 11 (w.q.) JAPAN. Wheeler, W.M. 1928d: 112 (m.); Imai, 1966: 119 (k.). Senior synonym of chosenica: Radchenko, 2005b: 154.
  • chosenica. Vollenhovia emeryi subsp. chosenica Wheeler, W.M. 1928d: 113 (w.) KOREA. Junior synonym of emeryi: Radchenko, 2005b: 154.

Description

Karyotype

  • n = 18, 2n = 36 (Japan) (Imai & Yosida, 1964; Imai, 1966; Imai, 1969).

Worker Morphology

Explore-icon.png Explore: Show all Worker Morphology data or Search these data. See also a list of all data tables or learn how data is managed.
  • Caste: monomorphic

References

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