Baikuris

†Baikuris Temporal range: 99–80 Ma K Pa Eo Ol Mi Pl Early Cenomanian to Campanian–Maastrichtian, Late Cretaceous
Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Arthropoda
Class:	Insecta
Order:	Hymenoptera
Family:	Formicidae
Subfamily:	Uncertain
Genus:	†Baikuris Dlussky, 1987
Type species
Baikuris mandibularis
Diversity
5 fossil species (Species Checklist)

Distribution

This taxon is known from Baikura, Krasnoyarsk Krai, Russia (provisionally Campanian–Maastrichtian, Late Cretaceous), Charentese amber, Aquitaine Basin, France (Late Albian to Early Cenomanian, Cretaceous) and Raritan (New Jersey) amber, New Jersey, United States (Turonian, Late Cretaceous), as well as an unidentified specimen from Burmese amber, Kachin State, Myanmar (Early Cenomanian, Late Cretaceous) (Guo et al., 2017).

Phylogeny

Formicoidea

Camelomecia clade (unplaced to family) Camelomecia Camelosphecia Formicidae               Stem Formicidae Unplaced to subfamily (Baikuris, Cretomyrma, Dlusskyidris) Clade Sphecomyrmines Haidomyrmecinae Sphecomyrminae Zigrasimeciinae Clade Antennoclypeata Brownimeciinae Crown Formicidae               Leptanillinae Martialinae Amblyoponinae - see relationships Apomyrminae Proceratiinae Ponerinae - see relationships Agroecomyrmecinae Paraponerinae Dorylinae - see relationships Aneuretinae Dolichoderinae - see relationships Myrmeciinae - see relationships Pseudomyrmecinae - see relationships Formicinae - see relationships Ectatomminae - see relationships Myrmicinae - see relationships

See Phylogeny of Formicidae for details.

Nomenclature

The following information is derived from Barry Bolton's Online Catalogue of the Ants of the World.

• †BAIKURIS [incertae sedis in Formicidae]
  • †Baikuris Dlussky, 1987: 133. Type-species: †Baikuris mandibularis Dlussky, 1987: 134, by original designation.

Taxonomic history

• †Baikuris in †Sphecomyrmidae: Dlussky, 1987: 132; Dlussky & Fedoseeva, 1988: 77.
• †Baikuris in †Sphecomyrminae: Bolton, 1994: 187; Grimaldi, et al. 1997: 7.
• †Baikuris in †Sphecomyrminae, †Sphecomyrmini: Bolton, 2003: 261.
• †Baikuris incertae sedis in Formicidae: Hölldobler & Wilson, 1990: 19; Borysenko, 2017: 14; Boudinot, Perrichot & Chaul, 2020: 28.
• †Baikuris as genus: all authors.
• [†Baikurus: incorrect subsequent spelling by Grimaldi, et al. 1997: 15.]
• †Baikuris catalogues: Bolton, 1995b: 80.
• †Baikuris references: Grimaldi, et al. 1997: 15 (review of genus).

References

• Barden, P. 2017. Fossil ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae): ancient diversity and the rise of modern lineages. Myrmecological News 24: 1-30.
• Bolton, B. 1994. Identification guide to the ant genera of the world. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 222 pp. (page 187, Baikuris in Sphecomyrminae)
• Bolton, B. 1995b. A new general catalogue of the ants of the world. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 504 pp. (page 80, Baikuris in Sphecomyrminae)
• Bolton, B. 2003. Synopsis and Classification of Formicidae. Mem. Am. Entomol. Inst. 71: 370pp (page 261, Baikuris in Sphecomyrminae, Sphecomyrmini; taxon. synopsis)
• Borysenko, L.H. 2017. Description of a new genus of primitive ants from Canadian amber, with the study of relationships between stem- and crown-group ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). Insecta Mundi 570: 1–57.
• Boudinot, B.E., Perrichot, V., Chaul, J.C.M. 2020. †Camelosphecia gen. nov., lost ant-wasp intermediates from the mid-Cretaceous (Hymenoptera, Formicoidea). ZooKeys 1005, 21–55 (doi:10.3897/zookeys.1005.57629).
• Cantone, S., Von Zuben, C.J. 2019. The hindwings of ants: A phylogenetic analysis. Psyche: A Journal of Entomology 2019, 1–11 (doi:10.1155/2019/7929717).
• Dlussky, G. M. 1987. New Formicoidea (Hymenoptera) of the Upper Cretaceous. Paleontol. Zh. 1987(1 1: 131-135 (page 132, Baikuris in Sphecomyrmidae)
• Dlussky, G. M. 1987. New Formicoidea (Hymenoptera) of the Upper Cretaceous. Paleontol. Zh. 1987(1 1: 131-135 (page 133, Baikuris as genus)
• Dlussky, G. M.; Fedoseeva, E. B. 1988. Origin and early stages of evolution in ants. Pp. 70-144 in: Ponomarenko, A. G. (ed.) Cretaceous biocenotic crisis and insect evolution. Moskva: Nauka, 232 pp. (page 77, Baikuris in Sphecomyrmidae)
• Grimaldi, D.; Agosti, D.; Carpenter, J. M. 1997. New and rediscovered primitive ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) in Cretaceous amber from New Jersey, and their phylogenetic relationships. American Museum Novitates 3208: 1-43 (page 7, 15, Baikuris in Sphecomyrminae, review of genus)
• Guo, M., Xing, L., Wang, B., Zhang, W., Wang, S., Shi, A., Bai, M. 2017. A catalogue of Burmite inclusions. Zoological Systematics, 42(3) 249–379 (DOI 10.11865zs.201715).
• Hölldobler, B.; Wilson, E. O. 1990. The ants. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, xii + 732 pp. (page 18, Insertae sedis in Formicidae)
• Krynicki, V.E. 2013. Primitive ants (Hymenoptera: Sphecomyrminae) in the Campanian (Late Cretaceous) of North Carolina (USA). Life: The Excitement of Biology 1, 156-165.
• Perfilieva, K.S. 2011. New data on the wing morphology of the Cretaceous Sphecomyrminae ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). Paleontological Journal 45: 275–283.
• Perrichot, V. 2015. A new species of Baikuris (Hymenoptera: Formicidae: Sphecomyrminae) in mid-Cretaceous amber from France. Cretaceous Research 52, 585-590.
• Sosiak, C., Cockx, P., Suarez, P.A., McKellar, R., Barden, P. 2024. Prolonged faunal turnover in earliest ants revealed by North American Cretaceous amber. Current Biology (doi:10.1016/j.cub.2024.02.058).