Bothroponera rubiginosa

Bothroponera rubiginosa
Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Arthropoda
Class:	Insecta
Order:	Hymenoptera
Family:	Formicidae
Subfamily:	Ponerinae
Tribe:	Ponerini
Genus:	Bothroponera
Species:	B. rubiginosa
Binomial name
Bothroponera rubiginosa (Emery, 1889) Specimen Labels

Distribution

Latitudinal Distribution Pattern

Latitudinal Range: 23.35° to 7.983333333°.

North Temperate	North Subtropical	Tropical	South Subtropical	South Temperate

• Source: AntMaps

Distribution based on Regional Taxon Lists

Oriental Region: India, Myanmar (type locality), Sri Lanka.
Palaearctic Region: China.

Distribution based on AntMaps

Distribution based on AntWeb specimens

Check data from AntWeb

Countries Occupied

Number of countries occupied by this species based on AntWiki Regional Taxon Lists. In general, fewer countries occupied indicates a narrower range, while more countries indicates a more widespread species.

Estimated Abundance

Relative abundance based on number of AntMaps records per species (this species within the purple bar). Fewer records (to the left) indicates a less abundant/encountered species while more records (to the right) indicates more abundant/encountered species.

Castes

Images from AntWeb

Syntype of Ponera rubiginosa. Worker. Specimen code casent0903896. Photographer Will Ericson, uploaded by California Academy of Sciences.	Owned by MSNG, Genoa, Italy.

Nomenclature

The following information is derived from Barry Bolton's Online Catalogue of the Ants of the World.

• rubiginosa. Ponera rubiginosa Emery, 1889b: 498 (w.) MYANMAR.
  • Type-material: syntype workers (number not stated).
  • Type-locality: Myanmar (“Burma”): Tenasserim, Mulmein, 1885-87 (L. Fea).
  • Type-depository: MSNG.
  • Wheeler, W.M. 1928c: 5 (q.); Imai, et al. 1984: 5 (k.).
  • Combination in Pachycondyla (Bothroponera): Emery, 1901a: 46;
  • combination in Pachycondyla: Brown, in Bolton, 1995b: 309;
  • combination in Bothroponera: Emery, in Dalla Torre, 1893: 36; Emery, 1895k: 459; Wheeler, W.M. 1928c: 5; Chapman & Capco, 1951: 50; Joma & Mackay, 2013: 2; Schmidt, C.A. & Shattuck, 2014: 77.
  • Status as species: Dalla Torre, 1893: 36; Emery, 1895k: 459; Forel, 1900d: 326; Bingham, 1903: 99; Emery, 1911d: 77; Wheeler, W.M. 1928c: 5; Wheeler, W.M. 1930h: 59; Mukerjee, 1934: 3; Chapman & Capco, 1951: 50, 72 (combinations in Bothroponera, Ponera, respectively); Bolton, 1995b: 309; Tiwari, 1999: 27; Zhou & Ran, 2010: 108; Guénard & Dunn, 2012: 61; Bharti, Guénard, et al. 2016: 48; Dias, R.K.S. et al. 2020: 103.
  • Distribution: China, India, Myanmar, Sri Lanka.

Description

Worker

Bingham (1903): Dull opaque black, the mandibles, antennae and legs light red, the posterior margins of the abdominal segments and the pygidium reddish yellow. Head, thorax and abdomen finely, very closely reticulate-punctate, covered with a fine sericeous hoary pubescence; the abdomen slightly shining. Head, without the mandibles, a little longer than broad, posteriorly widely emarginate, the posterior lateral angles well defined but not produced; mandibles opaque, punctured; clypeus transverse, medially somewhat sharply carinate. Thorax short, shorter than the abdomen, massive, convex in front, rounded above, the obliquely truncate apex of the metanotum almost submargined: legs stout, densely pubescent. Node of the pedicel a little broader than long, rounded above, and somewhat roundly truncate anteriorly, posteriorly abruptly truncate, vertical and flat; abdomen cylindrical, long and massive.

Length: 5 mm

Karyotype

• See additional details at the Ant Chromosome Database.

 Explore: Show all Karyotype data or Search these data. See also a list of all data tables or learn how data is managed.

• n = 38, 2n = 76, karyotype = 18M+58A (India) (Imai et al., 1984; Mariano et al., 2015).

References

• Bingham, C. T. 1903. The fauna of British India, including Ceylon and Burma. Hymenoptera, Vol. II. Ants and Cuckoo-wasps. London: Taylor and Francis, 506 pp. (page 99, see also)
• Brassard, F., Leong, C.-M., Chan, H.-H., Guénard, B. 2021. High diversity in urban areas: How comprehensive sampling reveals high ant species richness within one of the most urbanized regions of the world. Diversity 13, 358 (doi:10.3390/d13080358).
• Brown, W. L., Jr. 1995a. [Untitled. Taxonomic changes in Pachycondyla attributed to Brown.] Pp. 302-311 in: Bolton, B. A new general catalogue of the ants of the world. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 504 pp. (page 309, combination in Pachycondyla)
• Dalla Torre, K. W. von. 1893. Catalogus Hymenopterorum hucusque descriptorum systematicus et synonymicus. Vol. 7. Formicidae (Heterogyna). Leipzig: W. Engelmann, 289 pp. (page 36, Combination in Bothroponera)
• Dias, R.K.S., Kosgamage, K.R.K.A. 2013. Occurrence and species diversity of ground-dwelling worker ants (Family: Formicidae) in selected lands in the dry zone of Sri Lanka. Journal of Science of the University of Kelaniya Sri Lanka 7: 55-72 (doi:10.4038/josuk.v7i0.6233).
• Emery, C. 1889c. Formiche di Birmania e del Tenasserim raccolte da Leonardo Fea (1885-87). [part]. Ann. Mus. Civ. Stor. Nat. 27[=(2)(7): 485-512 (page 498, worker described)
• Emery, C. 1901b. Notes sur les sous-familles des Dorylines et Ponérines (Famille des Formicides). Ann. Soc. Entomol. Belg. 45: 32-54 (page 46, Combination in Pachycondyla (Bothroponera))
• Imai, H. T.; Baroni Urbani, C.; Kubota, M.; Sharma, G. P.; Narasimhanna, M. H.; Das, B. C.; 1984. Karyological survey of Indian ants. Jpn. J. Genet. 59: 1-32 (page 5, karyotype described)
• Mariano, C.S.F., Santos, I.S., Silva, J.G., Costa, M.A., Pompolo, S.G. 2015. Citogenética e evolução do cariótipo em formigas poneromorfas. In: Delabie, J.H.C., Feitosa, R.M., Serrao, J.E., Mariano, C.S.F., Majer, J.D. (eds) As formigas poneromorfas do Brasil, 1st edn. Ilhéus, Brasil, pp 102–125 (doi:10.7476/9788574554419.0010).
• Schmidt, C.A. & Shattuck, S.O. 2014. The higher classification of the ant subfamily Ponerinae (Hymenoptera: Formicidae), with a review of ponerine ecology and behavior. Zootaxa 3817, 1–242 (doi:10.11646/zootaxa.3817.1.1).
• Wheeler, W. M. 1928c. Ants collected by Professor F. Silvestri in China. Boll. Lab. Zool. Gen. Agrar. R. Sc. Super. Agric. 22: 3-38 (page 5, Combination in Bothroponera)
• Wheeler, W. M. 1928c. Ants collected by Professor F. Silvestri in China. Boll. Lab. Zool. Gen. Agrar. R. Sc. Super. Agric. 22: 3-38 (page 5, queen described)

References based on Global Ant Biodiversity Informatics

• Dias R. K. S., K. R. K. A. Kosgamage, and H. A. W. S. Peiris. 2012. The Taxonomy and Conservation Status of Ants (Order: Hymenoptera, Family: Formicidae) in Sri Lanka. In: The National Red List 2012 of Sri Lanka; Conservation Status of the Fauna and Flora. Weerakoon, D.K. & S. Wijesundara Eds., Ministry of Environment, Colombo, Sri Lanka. p11-19.
• Dias R. K. S., and K. R. K. Anuradha Kosgamage. 2012. Occurrence and species diversity of ground-dwelling worker ants (Family: Formicidae) in selected lands in the dry zone of Sri Lanka. J. Sci. Univ. Kelaniya 7: 55-72.
• Imai H. T., C. Baroni Urbani, M. Kubota, G. P. Sharma, M. H. Narasimhanna, B. C. Das, A. K. Sharma, A. Sharma, G. B. Deodikar, V. G. Vaidya, and M. R. Rajasekarasetty. 1984. Karyological survey of Indian ants. Japanese Journal of Genetics 59: 1-32.
• Tiwari, R.N. 1999. Taxonomic studies on ants of southern India (Insecta: Hymenoptera: Formicidae). Memoirs of the Zoological Survey of India 18(4):1-96