Checklist of Formica species
| Formica | |
|---|---|
| Formicinae | |
 Formica rufa | |
 Distribution | |
 Species Richness | |
| Statistics | |
| Valid Species | 279 |
| Invalid Species | 163 |
| Fossils | 68 |
| Countries Occupied | 75 |
| Year Described | 1758 |
| First Species Described | 1758 |
| Last Species Described | 2009 |
Contents
The following species and subspecies belong to the genus Formica. Synonyms are listed under their senior names. For valid names only see Formica species and for distribution information see Formica species by Country.
A
abdominalis Latreille, 1802
accreta Francoeur, 1973 (Canada, United States)
adamsi Wheeler, W.M., 1909 (Canada, United States)
adamsi alpina Wheeler, W.M., 1909 (United States)
adamsi whymperi Wheeler, W.M., 1917 (Canada, United States)
• Formica microgyna californica Wheeler, W.M., 1917
adelungi Forel, 1904 (Mongolia)
aegyptiaca Fabricius, 1775
aequalis Walker, 1871
aerata Francoeur, 1973 (United States)
affinis Leach, 1825
albipennis Fabricius, 1793
altayensis Xia & Zheng, 1997 (China)
altipetens Wheeler, W.M., 1913 (Canada, Mexico, United States)
amyoti Le Guillou, 1842
anatolica Seifert & Schultz, 2009 (Turkey)
animosa Forskål, 1775
approximans Wheeler, W.M., 1933 (China)
aquilonia Yarrow, 1955 (Austria, Belarus, Bulgaria, China, Czech Republic, Democratic Peoples Republic of Korea, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Georgia, Germany, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Mongolia, Montenegro, Norway, Poland, Romania, Russian Federation, Serbia, Slovenia, Sweden, Switzerland, Ukraine, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland)
• Formica rufa schmidti Ruzsky, 1926
archboldi Smith, M.R., 1944 (United States)
arenicola Buckley, 1866
argentea Wheeler, W.M., 1912 (Canada, Mexico, United States)
• Formica fusca argentata Wheeler, W.M., 1902
• Formica fusca blanda Wheeler, W.M., 1913
aserva Forel, 1901 (Canada, United States)
• Formica sanguinea subnuda Wheeler, W.M., 1910
aseta Chang & He, 2002 (China)
aterrima Cresson, 1865 (United States)
atra Schilling Schilling, 1839
B
beijingensis Wu, J., 1990 (China)
bicolor Leach, 1825
biophilica Trager, 2007 (United States)
bradleyi Wheeler, W.M., 1913 (Canada, United States)
• Formica neogagates morbida Wheeler, W.M., 1913
breviscapa Chang & He, 2002 (China)
browni Francoeur, 1973 (Mexico)
bruni Kutter, 1967 (Austria, Germany, Greece, Iberian Peninsula, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland)
C
californica (Creighton, 1950) (United States)
calviceps Cole, 1954 (Mexico, United States)
canadensis Santschi, 1914 (Canada, United States)
candida Smith, F., 1878 (Albania, Armenia, Austria, Belarus, Belgium, China, Democratic Peoples Republic of Korea, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Georgia, Germany, India, Japan, Kyrgyzstan, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Mongolia, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Republic of Korea, Romania, Russian Federation, Slovakia, Sweden, Switzerland, Ukraine, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland)
candida formosae Emery, 1925 (Taiwan)
chufejif Forskål, 1775
ciliata Mayr, 1886 (United States)
cinerea Mayr, 1853 (Albania, Armenia, Austria, Belarus, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Bulgaria, China, Croatia, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Georgia, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iberian Peninsula, Iran, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Montenegro, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Republic of Macedonia, Republic of Moldova, Romania, Russian Federation, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey, Ukraine)
• Formica balcanina Petrov & Collingwood, 1993
• Formica cinerea armenica Ruzsky, 1905
• Formica cinerea brevisetosa Karavaiev, 1927
• Formica cinerea iberica Finzi, 1928
• Formica cinerea imitans Ruzsky, 1902
• Formica cinerea italica Finzi, 1928
• Formica cinerea novaki Kratochvíl, 1941
• Formica cinerea ochracea Karavaiev, 1937
• Formica cinerea sabulosa Karavaiev, 1931
• Formica cinerea subrufoides Forel, 1913
cinerea cinereoimitans Ruzsky, 1905 (Russian Federation)
cinereofusca Karavaiev, 1929 (Armenia, China, Georgia, Russian Federation, Ukraine)
clara Forel, 1886 (Afghanistan, Austria, Azerbaijan, Belgium, Bulgaria, China, Croatia, Czech Republic, Georgia, Germany, Greece, Hungary, India, Iran, Israel, Italy, Kyrgyzstan, Mongolia, Netherlands, Poland, Romania, Russian Federation, Slovakia, Slovenia, Switzerland, Turkey, Turkmenistan, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland)
• Formica lusatica Seifert, 1997
• Formica rizadaghi Arnoldi, 1968
• Formica rufibarbis caucasica Wheeler, W.M., 1913
clara sinae Emery, 1925 (China)
• Formica rufibarbis orientalis Wheeler, W.M., 1923
clarissima Emery, 1925 (China, Mongolia, Russian Federation)
• Formica subpilosa ruzskyi Dlussky, 1965
coloradensis Creighton, 1940 (United States)
comata Wheeler, W.M., 1909 (United States)
conica Fabricius, 1798
connecticutensis Buckley, 1866
corsica Seifert, 2002 (France)
creightoni Buren, 1968 (United States)
criniventris Wheeler, W.M., 1912 (United States)
• Formica crinita Wheeler, W.M., 1909
cunicularia Latreille, 1798 (Albania, Andorra, Armenia, Austria, Belarus, Belgium, Bulgaria, Channel Islands, China, Croatia, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Georgia, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iberian Peninsula, India, Iran, Italy, Kyrgyzstan, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Mongolia, Montenegro, Morocco, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Republic of Macedonia, Republic of Moldova, Romania, Russian Federation, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey, Ukraine, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland)
• Formica cunicularia fuscoides Dlussky, 1967
• Formica fusca fuscorufibarbis Forel, 1874
• Formica fusca rubescens Forel, 1904
curiosa Creighton, 1935 (Canada, United States)
• Formica parcipappa Cole, 1947
D
dachaidanensis Chang & He, 2002 (China)
dakotensis Emery, 1893 (Canada, United States)
• Formica dakotensis saturata Wheeler, W.M., 1917
• Formica dakotensis wasmanni Forel, 1904
• Formica fusca specularis Wheeler, W.M., 1908
• Formica montigena Wheeler, W.M., 1904
decipiens Bondroit, 1918 (Andorra, France, Iberian Peninsula, Spain)
delinghaensis Chang & He, 2002 (China)
densiventris Viereck, 1903 (Canada, Mexico, United States)
• Formica microgyna rasilis Wheeler, W.M., 1903
• Formica rasilis spicata Creighton, 1950
didyma Fabricius, 1782
difficilis Emery, 1893 (United States)
• Formica difficilis consocians Wheeler, W.M., 1904
• Formica habrogyna Cole, 1939
dirksi Wing, 1949 (United States)
dislocata Say, 1836
dolosa Buren, 1944 (United States)
dusmeti Emery, 1909 (Iberian Peninsula, Portugal, Spain)
E
elevata Fabricius, 1782
elongata Fabricius, 1787
emeryi Wheeler, W.M., 1913 (Canada, United States)
exsecta Nylander, 1846 (Albania, Andorra, Armenia, Austria, Belarus, Belgium, Bulgaria, China, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iberian Peninsula, Italy, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Latvia, Liechtenstein, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Mongolia, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Republic of Macedonia, Republic of Moldova, Romania, Russian Federation, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey, Ukraine, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland)
• Formica dalcqi Bondroit, 1918
• Formica exsecta etrusca Emery, 1909
• Formica exsecta exsectopressilabris Forel, 1874
• Formica exsecta rubens Forel, 1874
• Formica exsecta sudetica Scholz, 1924
• Formica kontuniemii Betrem, 1954
• Formica nemoralis Dlussky, 1964
exsectoides Forel, 1886 (Canada, Mexico, United States)
• Formica exsectoides davisi Wheeler, W.M., 1913
• Formica exsectoides hesperia Wheeler, W.M., 1913
exsectorubens Ruzsky, 1905
F
fatale Christ, 1791
fennica Seifert, 2000 (Azerbaijan, Finland, Georgia, Norway, Russian Federation)
ferocula Wheeler, W.M., 1913 (United States)
foetens Olivier, 1792
• Formica foetida De Geer De Geer, 1773
foreli Bondroit, 1918 (Albania, Andorra, Austria, Belgium, Croatia, Czech Republic, Denmark, Georgia, Germany, Iberian Peninsula, Norway, Poland, Russian Federation, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey)
• Formica goesswaldi Kutter, 1967
• Formica naefi Kutter, 1957
• Formica tamarae Dlussky, 1964
foreliana Wheeler, W.M., 1913 (Mexico, United States)
forsslundi Lohmander, 1949 (Belarus, China, Denmark, Finland, Germany, Mongolia, Norway, Poland, Russian Federation, Sweden, Switzerland, Tibet)
• Formica brunneonitida Dlussky, 1964
• Formica forsslundi strawinskii Petal, 1963
• Formica fossilabris Dlussky, 1965
fossaceps Buren, 1942 (Canada, United States)
francoeuri Bolton, 1995 (Mexico, United States)
• Formica pilicornis Emery, 1893
frontalis Santschi, 1919 (Andorra, Iberian Peninsula, Kyrgyzstan, Portugal, Spain)
fukaii Wheeler, W.M., 1914 (China, Japan)
fusca Linnaeus, 1758 (Albania, Andorra, Armenia, Austria, Belarus, Belgium, Bulgaria, Canada, Channel Islands, China, Croatia, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Georgia, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iberian Peninsula, India, Isle of Man, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Mexico, Montenegro, Nepal, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Republic of Macedonia, Republic of Moldova, Romania, Russian Federation, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey, Ukraine, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, United States)
• Formica barbata Razoumowsky, 1789
• Formica flavipes Geoffroy, 1785
• Formica fusca marcida Wheeler, W.M., 1913
• Formica fusca pallipes Kuznetsov-Ugamsky, 1926
• Formica fusca rufipes Stitz, 1930
• Formica glebaria Nylander, 1846
• Formica libera Scopoli, 1763
• Formica tristis Christ, 1791
fusca alpicola Gredler, 1858 (Austria)
fusca fuscolemani Samsinak, 1951 (Czech Republic)
fusca hyrcana Arnoldi, 1968 (Russian Federation)
fusca maura Santschi, 1929 (Morocco)
fusca tombeuri Bondroit, 1917 (Portugal)
fuscescens Gmelin, 1790
fuscicauda Motschoulsky, 1863
fuscocinerea Forel, 1874 (Austria, France, Germany, Hungary, Republic of Moldova, Romania, Russian Federation, Slovakia, Slovenia, Switzerland, Ukraine)
• Formica lefrancoisi Bondroit, 1918
G
gagates Latreille, 1798 (Albania, Austria, Bulgaria, China, Croatia, Czech Republic, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iberian Peninsula, India, Montenegro, Poland, Portugal, Republic of Macedonia, Republic of Moldova, Romania, Russian Federation, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Switzerland, Turkey, Ukraine)
• Formica capsincola Schilling, 1839
• Formica fusca fuscogagates Forel, 1874
• Formica morio Latreille, 1798
gagatoides Ruzsky, 1904 (Belgium, China, Finland, India, Japan, Montenegro, Norway, Russian Federation, Sweden, Switzerland)
georgica Seifert, 2002 (Georgia, Turkey)
gerardi Bondroit, 1917 (Andorra, France, Gibraltar, Iberian Peninsula, Portugal, Spain)
glabra Gmelin, 1790
glabridorsis Santschi, 1925 (China)
glacialis Wheeler, W.M., 1908 (Canada, United States)
• Formica fusca fairchildi Wheeler, W.M., 1927
glauca Ruzsky, 1896 (Bulgaria, Germany, Iran, Poland, Romania, Russian Federation, Ukraine)
• Formica rufibarbis katuniensis Ruzsky, 1915
gnava Buckley, 1866 (Mexico, United States)
gravelyi Mukerjee, 1930 (India)
gynocrates Snelling, R.R. & Buren, 1985 (United States)
H
hayashi Terayama & Hashimoto, 1996 (Japan, Republic of Korea)
hewitti Wheeler, W.M., 1917 (Canada, Mexico, United States)
hirta Gravenhorst, 1807
I
impexa Wheeler, W.M., 1905 (Canada, United States)
incerta Buren, 1944 (United States)
incisa Smith, F., 1858
indianensis Cole, 1940 (United States)
inequalis Lowne, 1865
insultans Forskål, 1775
integra Nylander, 1856 (Canada, United States)
• Formica integra similis Mayr, 1886
integroides Wheeler, W.M., 1913 (Canada, Mexico, United States)
• Formica rufa subcaviceps Creighton, 1940
• Formica rufa subfasciata Creighton, 1940
J
japonica Motschoulsky, 1866 (China, Democratic Peoples Republic of Korea, Japan, Mongolia, Republic of Korea, Russian Federation)
• Formica fusca nipponensis Forel, 1900
K
kashmirica Stärcke, 1935 (India, Kashmir)
knighti Buren, 1944 (United States)
kozlovi Dlussky, 1965 (Mongolia)
kupyanskayae Bolton, 1995 (Democratic Peoples Republic of Korea, Russian Federation)
• Formica opacus Kupyanskaya, 1980
L
laeviceps Creighton, 1940 (United States)
lasioides Emery, 1893 (Canada, Mexico, United States)
• Formica lasioides picea Emery, 1895
• Formica lasioides vetula Wheeler, W.M., 1912
lemani Bondroit, 1917 (Albania, Andorra, Austria, Belarus, Belgium, Bulgaria, China, Croatia, Czech Republic, Democratic Peoples Republic of Korea, Finland, France, Georgia, Germany, Greece, Iberian Peninsula, Italy, Japan, Kyrgyzstan, Mongolia, Montenegro, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Republic of Korea, Republic of Macedonia, Romania, Russian Federation, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey, Ukraine, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland)
• Formica fusca borealis Vashkevich, 1924
lepida Wheeler, W.M., 1913 (United States)
limata Wheeler, W.M., 1913 (Canada, Mexico, United States)
lincecumii Buckley, 1866
liogaster Chang & He, 2002 (China)
liopthalma Chang & He, 2002 (China)
litoralis Kuznetsov-Ugamsky, 1926 (China, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan)
longipilosa Francoeur, 1973 (United States)
lugubris Zetterstedt, 1838 (Albania, Andorra, Austria, Belarus, Bulgaria, China, Croatia, Czech Republic, Democratic Peoples Republic of Korea, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Iberian Peninsula, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Mongolia, Montenegro, Norway, Poland, Republic of Korea, Romania, Russian Federation, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey, Ukraine, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland)
• Formica congerens Nylander, 1846
• Formica pratensis unicolor Ruzsky, 1926
• Formica rufa alpina Santschi, 1911
• Formica rufa montana Sadil, 1953
• Formica rufa nylanderi Bondroit, 1920
• Formica rufa santschii Wheeler, W.M., 1913
lutea Duméril, 1860
M
maculata Geoffroy, 1785
malabarica Schrank, 1837
maligna Forskål, 1775
manchu Wheeler, W.M., 1929 (China, Mongolia, Russian Federation)
• Formica dlusskyi Bolton, 1995
• Formica longiceps Dlussky Dlussky, 1964
manni Wheeler, W.M., 1913 (United States)
maxillosa Fabricius, 1775
melanophthalma Reich, 1793
melanopis Gmelin, 1790
mesasiatica Dlussky, 1964 (China, Russian Federation)
microgyna Wheeler, W.M., 1903 (Canada, Mexico, United States)
• Formica microgyna recidiva Wheeler, W.M., 1913
microphthalma Francoeur, 1973 (United States)
minocca Chang & He, 2002 (China)
minuta Lowne, 1865
moki Wheeler, W.M., 1906 (Mexico, United States)
• Formica rufibarbis occidua Wheeler, W.M., 1913
molestans Latreille, 1802
montana Wheeler, W.M., 1910 (Canada, Mexico, United States)
• Formica cinerea neocinerea Wheeler, W.M., 1913
• Formica cinerea rutilans Wheeler, W.M., 1913
montaniformis Kuznetsov-Ugamsky, 1929
montivaga Santschi, 1928
• Formica montana Kuznetsov-Ugamsky Kuznetsov-Ugamsky, 1923
morsei Wheeler, W.M., 1906 (United States)
mucescens Wheeler, W.M., 1913 (United States)
mutinensis (Canestrini, 1873)
N
nana Latreille, 1802
neoclara Emery, 1893 (Canada, Mexico, United States)
• Formica fusca pruinosa Wheeler, W.M., 1917
neogagates Viereck, 1903 (Canada, Mexico, United States)
neorufibarbis Emery, 1893 (Canada, Mexico, United States)
• Formica fusca algida Wheeler, W.M., 1915
• Formica fusca gelida Wheeler, W.M., 1913
nepticula Wheeler, W.M., 1905 (United States)
nevadensis Wheeler, W.M., 1904 (United States)
nigropratensis Betrem, 1962 (Germany)
nitida Razoumowsky, 1789
nortonii Buckley, 1866
novaanglae Buckley, 1866
O
obscuripes Forel, 1886 (Canada, United States)
• Formica rufa aggerans Wheeler, W.M., 1912
• Formica rufa melanotica Creighton, 1940
obscuriventris Mayr, 1870 (Canada, United States)
• Formica dryas Wheeler, W.M., 1905
• Formica dryas gymnomma Wheeler, W.M., 1905
• Formica rufa clivia Creighton, 1940
obsidiana Emery, 1923 (Taiwan)
obsoleta Linnaeus, 1758
obtusopilosa Emery, 1893 (Canada, Mexico, United States)
• Formica munda Wheeler, W.M., 1905
• Formica munda alticola Wheeler, W.M., 1917
occidentalis Buckley, 1866
occulta Francoeur, 1973 (Mexico, United States)
omnivora Linnaeus, 1758
opaciventris Emery, 1893 (Canada, United States)
orangea Seifert & Schultz, 2009 (Afghanistan, Kyrgyzstan, Uzbekistan)
oreas Wheeler, W.M., 1903 (Canada, United States)
• Formica oreas comptula Wheeler, W.M., 1913
oregonensis Cole, 1938 (United States)
ovata Reich, 1793
P
pachucana Francoeur, 1973 (Mexico)
pacifica Francoeur, 1973 (United States)
pallida (Canestrini, 1873)
pallidefulva Latreille, 1802 (Canada, United States)
• Formica pallidefulva delicata Cole, 1938
• Formica pallidefulva fuscata Emery, 1893
• Formica pallidefulva nitidiventris Emery, 1893
• Formica pallidefulva succinea Wheeler, W.M., 1904
• Formica schaufussi Mayr, 1866
pallidelutea Latreille, 1802
pallipes Latreille, 1787
pamirica Dlussky, 1965 (China, Kyrgyzstan, Turkmenistan)
paralugubris Seifert, 1996 (Albania, Andorra, Austria, Canada, Germany, Iberian Peninsula, Spain, Switzerland)
pergandei Emery, 1893 (United States)
• Formica sanguinea sublucida Creighton, 1950
perpilosa Wheeler, W.M., 1913 (Canada, Mexico, United States)
persica Seifert & Schultz, 2009 (Iran)
phyllophila Jerdon, 1851
picea Nylander, 1846 (Andorra, Belgium, Bulgaria, China, Czech Republic, Finland, Georgia, Greece, Iberian Peninsula, India, Italy, Kazakhstan, Poland, Russian Federation, Spain, Turkey, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland)
• Formica fusca inplana Emery, 1925
• Formica fusca orientalis Ruzsky, 1915
• Formica fusca piceoinplana Emery, 1925
• Formica glabra White, W.F. White, W.F., 1884
• Formica picea lochmatteri Stärcke, 1935
picipes Reich, 1793
pisarskii Dlussky, 1964 (Mongolia)
planipilis Creighton, 1940 (Canada, United States)
podzolica Francoeur, 1973 (Canada, Mexico, United States)
politurata Buckley, 1866
polyctena Foerster, 1850 (Albania, Andorra, Austria, Belarus, Belgium, Bulgaria, China, Croatia, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iberian Peninsula, India, Italy, Kazakhstan, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Montenegro, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Republic of Moldova, Romania, Russian Federation, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Ukraine)
• Formica major Nylander, 1849
• Formica rufa minor Gösswald, 1951
• Formica rufa nuda Karavaiev, 1930
postoculata Kennedy & Dennis, 1937 (United States)
pratensis Retzius, 1783 (Albania, Andorra, Austria, Belarus, Belgium, Bulgaria, Channel Islands, China, Croatia, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Georgia, Germany, Greece, Guernsey, Hungary, Iberian Peninsula, Iran, Italy, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Mongolia, Montenegro, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Republic of Macedonia, Republic of Moldova, Romania, Russian Federation, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey, Ukraine, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland)
• Formica minor pratensoides Gösswald, 1951
• Formica pratensis cordieri Bondroit, 1917
• Formica rufa ciliata Ruzsky, 1926
• Formica rufa grouvellei Bondroit, 1918
• Formica rufa nigricans Bondroit, 1912
pratensis nuda Ruzsky, 1926 (Russian Federation)
pratensis staerckei Betrem, 1960 (Netherlands)
pressilabris Nylander, 1846 (Albania, Andorra, Armenia, Austria, Belarus, Belgium, Bulgaria, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Hungary, Iberian Peninsula, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Mongolia, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Romania, Russian Federation, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey, Ukraine)
• Formica exsecta rufomaculata Ruzsky, 1895
prociliata Kennedy & Dennis, 1937 (United States)
propatula Francoeur, 1973 (Mexico)
propinqua Creighton, 1940 (United States)
puberula Emery, 1893 (United States)
pulla Francoeur, 1973 (Mexico)
pusilla De Geer, 1773
pyrenaea Bondroit, 1918 (France)
Q
quadrinotata Losana, 1834
querquetulana Kennedy & Dennis, 1937 (United States)
R
ravida Creighton, 1940 (Canada, United States)
• Formica rufa haemorrhoidalis Creighton, 1940
• Formica rufa tahoensis Creighton, 1940
rediana Leach, 1825
reflexa Buren, 1942 (Canada, United States)
retecta Francoeur, 1973 (Honduras, Mexico)
robusta Chang & He Chang & He, 2002 (China)
rostrata Fabricius, 1787
rubescens Leach, 1825
rubicunda Emery, 1893 (Canada, Mexico, United States)
rufa Linnaeus, 1761 (Albania, Andorra, Armenia, Austria, Belarus, Belgium, Bulgaria, China, Croatia, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Georgia, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iberian Peninsula, Italy, Kazakhstan, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Montenegro, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Republic of Macedonia, Republic of Moldova, Romania, Russian Federation, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey, Ukraine, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, Uzbekistan)
• Formica apicalis Smith, F., 1858
• Formica dorsata Panzer, 1798
• Formica ferruginea Christ Christ, 1791
• Formica gaullei Bondroit, 1917
• Formica piniphila Schenck, 1852
• Formica rufa meridionalis Nasonov, 1889
• Formica rufa rufopratensis Forel, 1874
rufa angusticeps Stärcke, 1947 (Netherlands)
rufa brevisetosa Ruzsky, 1926 (Russian Federation, Ukraine)
rufa constricta Karavaiev, 1929 (Russian Federation)
rufa obscurata Santschi, 1925 (France)
rufa rufopratensoides Forel, 1874 (Switzerland)
rufa tshugunovi Ruzsky, 1914 (Russian Federation)
rufibarbis Fabricius, 1793 (Albania, Andorra, Armenia, Austria, Balearic Islands, Belarus, Belgium, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Bulgaria, China, Croatia, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Georgia, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iberian Peninsula, India, Iran, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Montenegro, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Republic of Macedonia, Republic of Moldova, Romania, Russian Federation, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey, Turkmenistan, Ukraine, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland)
• Formica defensor Smith, F., 1878
• Formica fraterna Smith, F., 1878
• Formica fusca cinereorufibarbis Forel, 1874
• Formica nicaeensis Leach, 1825
• Formica rufibarbis piligera Lomnicki, 1925
rufibarbis clarorufibarbis Wheeler, W.M. & Mann, 1916 (Russian Federation)
rufibarbis subpilosorufibarbis Ruzsky, 1905 (Russian Federation)
ruficeps Motschoulsky, 1863 (Indonesia)
ruficornis Gmelin, 1790
rufolucida Collingwood, 1962 (Myanmar)
rupestris Leach, 1825
S
saccharivora Linnaeus, 1758
sanguinea Latreille, 1798 (Afghanistan, Albania, Andorra, Armenia, Austria, Balearic Islands, Belarus, Belgium, Bulgaria, Canary Islands, China, Croatia, Czech Republic, Democratic Peoples Republic of Korea, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Georgia, Germany, Gibraltar, Greece, Hungary, Iberian Peninsula, India, Iran, Japan, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Mongolia, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Republic of Korea, Republic of Macedonia, Republic of Moldova, Romania, Russian Federation, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey, Ukraine, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland)
• Formica dominula Nylander, 1846
• Formica sanguinea arenicola Kuznetsov-Ugamsky, 1928
• Formica sanguinea borea Santschi, 1925
• Formica sanguinea clara Karavaiev, 1927
• Formica sanguinea clarior Ruzsky, 1905
• Formica sanguinea flavorubra Forel, 1909
• Formica sanguinea fusciceps Emery, 1895
• Formica sanguinea griseopubescens Kuznetsov-Ugamsky, 1926
• Formica sanguinea leninei Santschi, 1928
• Formica sanguinea mollesonae Ruzsky, 1903
• Formica sanguinea monticola Kuznetsov-Ugamsky, 1926
• Formica sanguinea rotundata Kuznetsov-Ugamsky, 1926
• Formica sanguinea strennua Santschi, 1925
• Formica sanguinea tristis Karavaiev, 1929
saxicola Buckley, 1866
schardj Forskål, 1775
scitula Wheeler, W.M., 1913 (United States)
selysi Bondroit, 1918 (Albania, Austria, France, Germany, Iberian Peninsula, Slovenia, Spain, Switzerland)
• Formica torrentium Bernard, 1967
sentschuensis Ruzsky, 1915 (China, Tibet)
• Formica dalailamae Ruzsky, 1915
siamicarubra Christ, 1791
sibylla Wheeler, W.M., 1913 (United States)
sinensis Wheeler, W.M., 1913 (China)
spatulata Buren, 1944 (United States)
stenoptera Foerster, 1850
subaenescens Emery, 1893 (United States)
subcyanea Wheeler, W.M., 1913 (Mexico)
subelongata Francoeur, 1973 (United States)
subintegra Wheeler, W.M., 1908 (Canada, United States)
subnitens Creighton, 1940 (Canada, United States)
subpicea Motschoulsky, 1863
subpilosa Ruzsky, 1902 (Afghanistan, Armenia, Azerbaijan, China, Georgia, Kyrgyzstan, Russian Federation, Turkey, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan)
• Formica cinerea bipilosa Karavaiev, 1926
subpolita Mayr, 1886 (Canada, Mexico, United States)
• Formica flammiventris Wheeler, W.M., 1912
• Formica rufiventris Emery Emery, 1893
• Formica subpolita camponoticeps Wheeler, W.M., 1913
• Formica subpolita ficticia Wheeler, W.M., 1913
subsericea Say, 1836 (United States)
• Formica lecontei Kennedy & Dennis, 1937
subspinosa Buckley, 1866
suecica Adlerz, 1902 (Austria, Finland, Norway, Russian Federation, Sweden)
T
talbotae Wilson, 1977 (United States)
tarimica Seifert & Schultz, 2009 (China)
tenuissima Buckley, 1866
testacea Gmelin, 1790
testaceipes Leach, 1825
thoracica Olivier, 1792
tianshanica Seifert & Schultz, 2009 (China, Kyrgyzstan)
tomentosa Reich, 1793
transkaucasica Nasonov, 1889 (Denmark)
• Formica gagates piceogagates Karavaiev, 1926
transmontanis Francoeur, 1973 (Canada, United States)
triangularis Say, 1836
truncorum Fabricius, 1804 (Austria, Belarus, Belgium, Bulgaria, China, Croatia, Czech Republic, Democratic Peoples Republic of Korea, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Germany, Hungary, India, Japan, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Latvia, Lithuania, Mongolia, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Republic of Korea, Republic of Moldova, Romania, Russian Federation, Slovakia, Slovenia, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey, Ukraine)
• Formica rufa menozzii Stitz, 1939
• Formica rufa rufotruncicola Ruzsky, 1896
• Formica rufa staegeri Stitz, 1939
• Formica rufa truncicolopratensis Forel, 1874
• Formica simulata Smith, F., 1878
• Formica truncicola Nylander, 1846
truncorum finzii Stitz, 1939 (Germany)
U
ulkei Emery, 1893 (Canada, United States)
• Formica ulkei hebescens Wheeler, W.M., 1913
uralensis Ruzsky, 1895 (Belarus, China, Democratic Peoples Republic of Korea, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Kazakhstan, Latvia, Lithuania, Mongolia, Norway, Poland, Russian Federation, Sweden, Switzerland, Ukraine)
• Formica pratensis superba Wheeler, W.M., 1933
V
vagans Fabricius, 1793
venosa Gmelin, 1790
villiscapa Chang & He, 2002 (China)
vinculans Wheeler, W.M., 1913 (United States)
virginiana Buckley, 1866
volgensis Ruzsky, 1914
W
wheeleri Creighton Creighton, 1935 (Mexico, United States)
wheeleri Stitz Stitz, 1939
wongi Wu, J., 1990 (China)
X
xerophila Smith, M.R., 1939 (Mexico, United States)
• Formica moki grundmanni Cole, 1943
Y
yessensis Wheeler, W.M., 1913 (China, Democratic Peoples Republic of Korea, Japan, Republic of Korea, Russian Federation)
yoshiokae Wheeler, W.M., 1933 (Japan)
Fossil Species
A
aemula Heer, 1867
alsatica Théobald, 1937
annosa LaPolla & Greenwlalt, 2015
arcana Scudder, 1877
auxillacensis Piton, 1935
B
bauckhorni Meunier, 1915
biamoensis Dlussky, Rasnitsyn & Perfilieva, 2015
buphthalma Novak, O., 1878
C
cantalica Piton, 1935
ceps Zhang, J., 1989
cockerelli Carpenter, 1930
D
demersa Heer, 1849
E
eoptera Cockerell, 1923
F
flavifemoralis Zhang, J., Sun & Zhang, X., 1994
flori Mayr, 1868
fragilis Heer, 1867
G
gibbosa Presl, 1822
globiventris Heer, 1849
grandis Carpenter, 1930
gravida Heer, 1849
gustawi Dlussky, 2002
H
heteroptera Cockerell, 1920
horrida Wheeler, W.M., 1915
I
immersa Heer, 1849
K
kollari Heer, 1867
kutscheri Dlussky, 2008
L
latinodosa Théobald, 1937
lavateri Heer, 1849
lavateri major Heer, 1867
linquensis Zhang, J., 1989
longicollis Heer, 1849
lucida Giebel, 1856
luteola Presl, 1822
M
macrognatha Presl, 1822
macrophthalma Heer, 1849
maculipennis Théobald, 1935
martynovi (Popov, 1933)
N
nigra Presl, 1822
O
oblita Heer, 1867
obscura Heer, 1849
obtecta Heer, 1849
obvoluta Heer, 1849
oculata Heer, 1849
orbata Heer, 1849
ovala Zhang, J., 1989
P
palaeopolonica Dlussky, 2008
paleosibirica Dlussky, Rasnitsyn & Perfilieva, 2015
parexsecta Dlussky & Putyatina, 2014
parvula Presl, 1822
phaethusa Wheeler, W.M., 1915
pitoni Théobald, 1935
primitiva Heer, 1849
primordialis Heer, 1849
procera Heer, 1849
pulchella Heer, 1849
Q
quadrata Holl, 1829
R
radchenkoi Dlussky, 2008
robusta Carpenter Carpenter, 1930
S
sepulta Théobald, 1937
serresi Théobald, 1937
seuberti Heer, 1849
strangulata Wheeler, W.M., 1915
surinamensis Berendt, 1830
T
trigona Presl, 1822
tripartita Théobald, 1937
U
ungeri Heer, 1849
ungeri neutra Heer, 1849
Z
zherikhini Dlussky, 2008
