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Dinomyrmex
| Dinomyrmex | |
|---|---|
| |
| Scientific classification | |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Hymenoptera |
| Family: | Formicidae |
| Subfamily: | Formicinae |
| Tribe: | Camponotini |
| Genus: | Dinomyrmex Ashmead, 1905 |
| Type species | |
| Formica gigas, now Dinomyrmex gigas | |
| Diversity | |
| 2 species (Species Checklist, Species by Country)
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| Synonyms | |
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Terror Ants
Diagnosis: Emery (1925) - "Worker. - Head of majors enormous, broad and notched posteriorly, sometimes with median ocellus; head of minors much narrower, posterior head margin rounded and prolonged into a short articular neck. Clypeus medially carinate, extending anteriorly as a long, rectangular lobe which has acute and distinct anterolateral angles (forming horn-like processes), anterior clypeal process notched medially. Mandibles with lateral margins straight, arching only apically; masticatory margin with six teeth, of which most are scalloped (doubled); basal margin dentate. Frontal carinae short, beginning at a very distant from the clypeus; antennal insertions set remarkably posterior to posterior clypeal margin. Antennae long. Mesosomal dorsum continuously arched. Petiolar scale thick, with apex forming a rounded point. Queen. - Head similar to media; ocelli more close-set. Male. - Head elongate, widening somewhat anteriorly near mandibular articulations. Clypeus anteriorly rounded. Mandibles narrow, terminating in an obtuse point. Pedicel shorter and thinner than the third antennomere, except at its two extremities.
Geographical distribution of the species. - Malaysia, Sumatra, Borneo."
(Translated and edited by B. E. Boudinot, 15 February, 2017.)
Identification
Based on its phylogenetic position, as a lineage separate from both Camponotus and Colobopsis, and sister to all other camponotines except Opisthopsis and Colobopsis. Dinomyrmex is a distinctive camponotine, confined to southeast Asia, and recognized by the combination of very large size (HW 3.25–5.35), elongate antennae and legs, and the presence of a metapleural gland. The species also has characteristic mandibular dentition, with teeth occurring on both the masticatory and basal margins of the mandible (Emery 1925).
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See images of species within this genus |
Distribution
Distribution and Richness based on AntMaps
Species by Region
Number of species within biogeographic regions, along with the total number of species for each region.
| Afrotropical Region | Australasian Region | Indo-Australian Region | Malagasy Region | Nearctic Region | Neotropical Region | Oriental Region | Palaearctic Region | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Species | 0 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 |
| Total Species | 2841 | 1736 | 3045 | 932 | 835 | 4379 | 1741 | 2862 |
Biology
Association with Other Organisms
All Associate Records for Genus
| Taxon | Relationship | Associate Type | Associate Taxon | Associate Relationship | Locality | Source | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Dinomyrmex gigas | host | cricket | Camponophilus irmi | myrmecophile | Borneo | Ingrisch, 1995 | |
| Dinomyrmex gigas | host | fungus | Ophiocordyceps formicarum | parasitoid | Quevillon, 2018 | encounter mode primary; direct transmission; transmission outside nest | |
| Dinomyrmex gigas | host | fungus | Ophiocordyceps halabalaensis | parasitoid | Quevillon, 2018 | encounter mode primary; direct transmission; transmission outside nest | |
| Dinomyrmex gigas | host | fungus | Ophiocordyceps halabalaensis | pathogen | Araujo et al., 2018 | ||
| Dinomyrmex gigas | host | fungus | Ophiocordyceps unilateralis | parasitoid | Quevillon, 2018 | encounter mode primary; direct transmission; transmission outside nest | |
| Dinomyrmex gigas | host | phorid fly | Megaselia persecutrix | parasitoid | Quevillon, 2018 | encounter mode primary; direct transmission; transmission outside nest |
Flight Period
All Flight Records for Genus
Explore: Show all Flight Month data or Search these data. See also a list of all data tables or learn how data is managed.
| Taxon | Month | Source | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|
| Dinomyrmex gigas | Jan • Feb • Mar • Apr • May • Jun • Jul • Aug • Sep • Oct • Nov • Dec | Pfeiffer & Linsenmair, 1997 |
Castes
Morphology
Phylogeny
| Formicinae |
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See Phylogeny of Formicinae for details.
Nomenclature
The following information is derived from Barry Bolton's Online Catalogue of the Ants of the World.
- DINOMYRMEX [subgenus of Camponotus]
- Dinomyrmex Ashmead, 1905b: 384. Type-species: Formica gigas, by original designation.
- Dinomyrmex senior synonym of Myrmogigas: Forel, 1913b: 350 (in text); Forel, 1914a: 259; Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 704.
- [Dinomyrmex and Myrmogigas share the same type-species, synonymy is therefore absolute.]
- MYRMOGIGAS [junior synonym of Dinomyrmex]
- Myrmogigas Forel, 1912i: 91 [as subgenus of Camponotus]. Type-species: Formica gigas, by subsequent designation of Wheeler, W.M. 1913a: 81.
- Myrmogigas junior synonym of Dinomyrmex: Forel, 1913c: 350 (in text); Forel, 1914a: 259.
- [Dinomyrmex and Myrmogigas share the same type-species, synonymy is therefore absolute.]
References
- Arnold, G. 1922. A monograph of the Formicidae of South Africa. Part V. Myrmicinae. Ann. S. Afr. Mus. 14: 579-674 (page 612, Dinomyrmex as subgenus of Camponotus)
- Ashmead, W. H. 1905c. A skeleton of a new arrangement of the families, subfamilies, tribes and genera of the ants, or the superfamily Formicoidea. Can. Entomol. 37: 381-384 (page 384, Dinomyrmex in Camponotinae, Camponotini; as genus)
- Blaimer, B.B., Brady, S.G., Schultz, T.R., Lloyd, M.W., Fisher, B.L., & Ward, P.S. 2015. Phylogenomic methods outperform traditional multi-locus approaches in resolving deep evolutionary history: a case study of formicine ants. BMC Evolutionary Biology, 15:271 (DOI 10.1186/s12862-015-0552-5).
- Bolton, B. 2003. Synopsis and Classification of Formicidae. Mem. Am. Entomol. Inst. 71: 370pp (page 114, Dinomyrmex as subgenus of Camponotus [Dinomyrmex and Myrmogigas share the same type-species, synonymy is therefore absolute.])
- Cantone S. 2018. Winged Ants, The queen. Dichotomous key to genera of winged female ants in the World. The Wings of Ants: morphological and systematic relationships (self-published).
- Emery, C. 1920b. Le genre Camponotus Mayr. Nouvel essai de la subdivision en sous-genres. Rev. Zool. Afr. (Bruss.) 8: 229-260 (page 236, Dinomyrmex as subgenus of Camponotus)
- Emery, C. 1925d. Hymenoptera. Fam. Formicidae. Subfam. Formicinae. Genera Insectorum 183: 1-302 (page 69, Dinomyrmex as subgenus of Camponotus)
- Forel, A. 1913b. Formicides du Congo Belge récoltés par MM. Bequaert, Luja, etc. Rev. Zool. Afr. (Bruss.) 2: 306-351 (page 350, Dinomyrmex as subgenus of Camponotus)
- Forel, A. 1914a. Le genre Camponotus Mayr et les genres voisins. Rev. Suisse Zool. 22: 257-276 (page 259, Dinomyrmex as subgenus of Camponotus)
- Forel, A. 1917. Cadre synoptique actuel de la faune universelle des fourmis. Bull. Soc. Vaudoise Sci. Nat. 51: 229-253 (page 250, Dinomyrmex as subgenus of Camponotus)
- Klimeš, P., Drescher, J., Buchori, D., Hidayat, P., Nazarreta, R., Potocký, P., Rimandai, M., Scheu, S., Matos-Maraví, P. 2022. Uncovering cryptic diversity in the enigmatic ant genus Overbeckia and insights into the phylogeny of Camponotini (Hymenoptera:Formicidae:Formicinae). Invertebrate Systematics, 36(6), 557-579 (doi:10.1071/is21067).
- Ward, P.S., Blaimer, B.B., Fisher, B.L. 2016. A revised phylogenetic classification of the ant subfamily Formicinae (Hymenoptera: Formicidae), with resurrection of the genera Colobopsis and Dinomyrmex. Zootaxa 4072 (3): 343–357 (doi:10.11646/zootaxa.4072.3.4).
- Wheeler, W. M. 1922i. Ants of the American Museum Congo expedition. A contribution to the myrmecology of Africa. VII. Keys to the genera and subgenera of ants. Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist. 45: 631-710 (page 704, Dinomyrmex as subgenus of Camponotus)