Dolichoderus quadripunctatus

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Dolichoderus quadripunctatus
Scientific classification
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Arthropoda
Class: Insecta
Order: Hymenoptera
Family: Formicidae
Subfamily: Dolichoderinae
Tribe: Dolichoderini
Genus: Dolichoderus
Species: D. quadripunctatus
Binomial name
Dolichoderus quadripunctatus
(Linnaeus, 1771)

Dolichoderus quadripunctatus casent0173127 profile 1.jpg

Dolichoderus quadripunctatus casent0173127 dorsal 1.jpg

Specimen labels

Synonyms

An arboreal ant that typically nests in decidious trees in shaded riparian areas. Colonies can also be found in pine trees, the stems of large herbs and rock crevices.

Photo Gallery

  • Dolichoderus quadripunctatus workers from Darmsstadt, Germany. Photo by Philipp Hönle.
  • Dolichoderus quadripunctatus worker. Photo by Michal Kukla
  • Foraging workers. Photo by Michal Kukla.
  • Dolichoderus quadripunctatus workers from Lombardia, Italy. Photo by Elia Nalini.
  • Dolichoderus quadripunctatus worker with undeveloped left eye. Photo by Michal Kukla.
  • Dolichoderus quadripunctatus worker at its nest entrance. Photo by Michal Kukla.
  • Dolichoderus quadripunctatus workers at their nest entrance. Photo by Michal Kukla.
  • Dolichoderus quadripunctatus queen. Photo by Michal Kukla.

Identification

Borowiec and Salata (2022) - Within Greece: a very distinct species. Its body structure with very coarse punctation of head, very deep mesonotal groove, propodeum in profile with sharply angulate posterior angles, and characteristic coloration with black head, red mesosoma and black gaster with white maculae at base of first two gastral tergites is unique combination of characters. In the field, workers of D. quadripunctatus may appear similar to bicoloured minor workers of Colobopsis truncata which is often observed foraging on the same tree trunks or branches.

Distribution

This is an uncommon species although known from almost all Greek provinces except Cyclades (Borowiec et al., 2022).

Latitudinal Distribution Pattern

Latitudinal Range: 59.45008° to 35.255189°.

 
North
Temperate 		North
Subtropical 		Tropical South
Subtropical 		South
Temperate

Distribution based on Regional Taxon Lists

Palaearctic Region: Albania, Andorra, Armenia, Austria, Azerbaijan, Belarus, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Czechia, France (type locality), Georgia, Germany, Gibraltar, Greece, Hungary, Iberian Peninsula, Iran, Italy, Liechtenstein, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Monaco, Montenegro, North Macedonia, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Republic of Moldova, Romania, Russian Federation, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Switzerland, Türkiye, Ukraine.

Distribution based on AntMaps

AntMapLegend.png

Distribution based on AntWeb specimens

Check data from AntWeb

Countries Occupied

Number of countries occupied by this species based on AntWiki Regional Taxon Lists. In general, fewer countries occupied indicates a narrower range, while more countries indicates a more widespread species.
pChart

Habitat

Greece: Observed in stream valleys with plane and oak forests, old olive plantations, deep humid gorges with stream, roadsides in Quercus ilex forests, pastures with fig trees, roadsides with Mediterranean shrubs, gardens in mountain villages, rarely also in mountain pastures with shrubs. (Borowiec and Salata 2022)

Biology

Borowiec & Salata (2021) - This is a moderately common species in Greece, known from most provinces except Cyclades. It prefers shaded habitats, close to streams and rivers. In Achaia, it was observed in rural sites in urban areas and on a large plane tree.

Borowiec and Salata (2022) - Dolichoderus quadripunctatus is an arboreal species, and occurs in damp and shady habitats, often near streams and rivers. Workers usually penetrate trunk and leaves of trees and shrubs, forage surrounding fig and olive trees, large stones on stream banks and rock walls in gorges. Nests are constructed in various deciduous trees, occasionally in pine trees or in rock crevices close to streams. Nests usually are located in dead wood or under bark of stems and branches, sometimes in dry stems or in stems of large herbs. Collected at altitudes between 1 and 860 m.

Czechowski et al. (2019) observed an alate queen of Dolichoderus quadripunctatus visiting aphids in a Polish garden. The gyne walked along a foraging trail to a colony of the aphid Panaphis juglandis where it imbibed honeydew excreted on the leaf by the aphids, after which it returned to the trail. This recurred during two more days, always a single alate gyne at a time; hence the total number of gynes, one or more, remains an open question. This feeding phenomenon is practically unknown in ants.

Pashaei Rad et al. (2018) found this species in Iran on the ground and on trees in a Caspian moist littoral area.

Flight Period

X X X
Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec

Source: antkeeping.info.

Explore-icon.png Explore: Show all Flight Month data or Search these data. See also a list of all data tables or learn how data is managed.

Life History Traits

  • Queen number: monogynous (Rissing and Pollock, 1988; Frumhoff & Ward, 1992)
  • Queen type: winged (Rissing and Pollock, 1988; Frumhoff & Ward, 1992) (queen-right worker reproduction)
  • Worker caste: present (Torrosian (1974) cited in Choe (1988); Frumhoff & Ward, 1992)
  • Worker-produced males: present

Castes

Worker

  • Borowiec and Salata 2022. Figure 17.3, worker. Photographed by Lech Borowiec.
  • Borowiec and Salata 2022. Figures 17.1-2, worker. Photographed by Lech Borowiec.

Queen

  • Borowiec and Salata 2022. Figure 17.4, queen. Photographed by Lech Borowiec.
  • Borowiec and Salata 2022. Figures 17.5-6, queen. Photographed by Lech Borowiec.

Images from AntWeb

Dolichoderus quadripunctatus casent0173183 head 1.jpgDolichoderus quadripunctatus casent0173183 profile 1.jpgDolichoderus quadripunctatus casent0173183 profile 2.jpgDolichoderus quadripunctatus casent0173183 dorsal 1.jpgDolichoderus quadripunctatus casent0173183 label 1.jpg
Queen (alate/dealate). Specimen code casent0173183. Photographer April Nobile, uploaded by California Academy of Sciences. Owned by CAS, San Francisco, CA, USA.

Nomenclature

The following information is derived from Barry Bolton's Online Catalogue of the Ants of the World.

  • quadripunctatus. Formica quadripunctata Linnaeus, 1771: 541 (w.) FRANCE.
    • [Note: type-locality is now France, after Fabricius, 1775: 392, “Habitat in Alsatia”; the latter confirmed by Latreille, 1802c: 181, “Linnée avoit reçu cette espèce de l’Alsace”.]
    • [Misspelled as quatuorpunctata by Christ, 1791: 513; misspelled as 4 punctatus by Forel, 1895d: 227, and others.]
    • Latreille, 1802c: 179 (q.); Mayr, 1855: 380 (m.); Karavaiev, 1916: 497 (m.).
    • Combination in Tapinoma: Schenck, 1852: 129.
    • Combination in Hypoclinea: Mayr, 1855: 379; Mayr, 1863: 424; Roger, 1863b: 14.
    • Combination in Formica (Hypoclinea): Roger, 1859: 242.
    • Combination in Dolichoderus: Emery & Forel, 1879: 455.
    • Combination in D. (Hypoclinea): Emery, 1894c: 229.
    • Status as species: Fabricius, 1775: 392; Fabricius, 1782: 490; Fabricius, 1787: 308; Gmelin, 1790: 2799; Christ, 1791: 513; Olivier, 1792: 494; Fabricius, 1793: 355; Latreille, 1802c: 179; Walckenaer, 1802: 163; Fabricius, 1804: 403; Losana, 1834: 322; Mayr, 1855: 379 (redescription); Nylander, 1856b: 73; Smith, F. 1858b: 57; Roger, 1859: 242; Mayr, 1861: 40 (in key); Mayr, 1863: 424; Roger, 1863b: 14; Emery, 1869b: 11; Mayr, 1870b: 957 (in key); Forel, 1874: 59 (in key); André, 1874: 186 (in key); Emery, 1878b: 49; Emery & Forel, 1879: 455; André, 1882b: 226 (in key); Mayr, 1886d: 435 (in key); Forel, 1886e: clxvii; Nasonov, 1889: 27; Forel, 1892i: 307; Dalla Torre, 1893: 160; Emery, 1894c: 229; Forel, 1895d: 227; Ruzsky, 1902d: 18; Ruzsky, 1903b: 308; Ruzsky, 1905b: 468; Wasmann, 1906: 115 (in key); Bondroit, 1910: 489; Forel, 1911d: 350; Emery, 1913a: 11; Stitz, 1914: 79; Forel, 1915d: 41 (in key); Emery, 1916b: 210; Karavaiev, 1916: 497; Escherich, 1917: 329; Bondroit, 1918: 87; Menozzi, 1921: 32; Soudek, 1922: 58; Müller, 1923b: 108; Soudek, 1925b: 15; Santschi, 1926f: 287; Karavaiev, 1927c: 272 (in key); Lomnicki, 1928: 6; Kuznetsov-Ugamsky, 1929b: 42; Zimmermann, 1935: 40; Karavaiev, 1936: 165 (redescription); Teranishi, 1940: 19; Novák & Sadil, 1941: 95 (in key); Schmitz, 1950: 14; Consani & Zangheri, 1952: 42; Ceballos, 1956: 309; Bernard, 1967: 250 (redescription); Baroni Urbani, 1971c: 157; van Pisarski, 1975: 27; Boven, 1977: 124; Kutter, 1977c: 172; Arnol’di & Dlussky, 1978: 546 (in key); Collingwood, 1978: 86 (in key); Agosti & Collingwood, 1987b: 278 (in key); Atanassov & Dlussky, 1992: 186; Arakelian, 1994: 71; Radchenko, 1994b: 112 (in key); Shattuck, 1994: 63; Bolton, 1995b: 176; Czechowski, et al. 2002: 13; Seifert, 2007: 252; Casevitz-Weulersse & Galkowsky, 2009: 478; Lapeva-Gjonova, et al. 2010: 31; Boer, 2010: 14; Legakis, 2011: 23; Borowiec, L. & Salata, 2012: 491; Czechowski, et al. 2012: 63; Borowiec, L. 2014: 70 (see note in bibliography); Radchenko, 2016: 82.
    • Senior synonym of kratochvili: Radchenko, 2016: 82.
    • Senior synonym of unicolor: Arakelian, 1994: 72; Radchenko, 2016: 82.
  • kratochvili. Dolichoderus (Hypoclinea) quadripunctatus var. kratochvili Novak, V. 1941: 47, figs. 2-4 (w.) CZECHOSLOVAKIA.
    • Subspecies of quadripunctatus: Novák & Sadil, 1941: 95 (in key) (date of publication (31.xii).1941); Shattuck, 1994: 63.
    • Junior synonym of quadripunctatus: Radchenko, 2016: 82.
  • unicolor. Dolichoderus quadripunctatus var. unicolor Ruzsky, 1905b: 471 (w.q.) CAUCASUS.
    • Senior synonym of unicolor: Arakelian, 1994: 72; Radchenko, 2016: 82.

Unless otherwise noted the text for the remainder of this section is reported from the publication that includes the original description.

Description

Worker

Borowiec and Salata (2022) - Moderately large: HL: 0.770-0.902 (mean 0.826); HW: 0.698-0.794 (mean 0.746); SL: 0.619-0.683 (mean 0.649); EL: 0.178-0.235 (mean 0.212); ML: 1.04-1.21; MW: 0.46-0.54. Color. Mandibles, anterior margin and lateral branches of clypeus yellowish, rest of head black; mesosoma in pale specimens uniformly yellowish red to red, in dark specimens with brown spots, especially on sides of propodeum, occasionally mostly reddish brown with black mesonotal suture, petiolar scale from uniformly yellowish to mostly brown; gaster predominantly black , first and second tergite in anterolateral sides with large yellow spot of various size, occasionally spots on first tergite indistinctly diffused or reduced to a small reddish dot; antennae yellow, sometimes funicle slightly infuscate, coxa brown to black, trochanters and narrowed basal part of femora yellowish to yellowish brown, rest of femora brown to black, tibiae and tarsi yellow. Head. Almost circular, sides and occipital part rounded. Clypeus with large central, subtriangular plate and narrow lateral wings, its anterior margin straight with shallow median concavity, sides concave, surface distinctly microreticulated, with short and sparse appressed hairs, often appears unhaired, anterior margin with a row of short setae and a pair of long erected setae with length up to 0.095. Head distinctly microreticulated and coarse and moderately dense foveolae, distance between punctures mostly smaller than puncture’s diameter, with short and sparse appressed pubescence, two pairs of moderately long erected setae on frontal lateral margins and a pair of long setae in crown area, ventral side in gular area with numerous erected setae. Scape short, 0.84- 0.89 times as long as width of head, stout, clearly widened from base to apex, its surface microreticulate but shiny, with short and sparse appressed pubescence. Funicular segments short, stout, first segment twice as long as wide and 1.8 times as long as second segment, third segment slightly shorter than second segment. Eyes big, placed in frontolateral surface of head, circular and convex, 0.26 length of head. Mandibles large, microreticulate but without striation. Mesosoma. Elongate, 2.2-2.3 times as long as wide, dorsally and laterally distinctly microreticulated and very coarse and dense foveloae, foveola almost touching each other thus surface of mesosoma partly appears rugulose, without appressed pubescence lacking erected setae. Dorsal profile of mesosoma with deep cleft between mesonotum and propodeum, propodeum with emarginate lateral and posterior margins and appears bidentate posteriorly. Waist and gaster. Petiole with long basal stem and short and stout scale, apex truncate, anterior face smooth and shiny, posterior microreticulate, sides punctate. Gaster longer than mesosoma, tergites distinctly microreticulated but surface shiny, covered with short and sparse appressed pubescence, distance between hairs mostly twice wider than length of hair. First two gastral tergites lacking erected setae, third tergite at base with a pair of long erected setae and on sides with single seta, sternites without median keel. Legs. Moderately long and moderately stout, first segment of tarsi not longer than subsequent segments combined, surface covered with very short and very sparse appressed hairs, erected setae absent, inner margin of tibiae lacking row of thorns.

Karyotype

Explore-icon.png Explore: Show all Karyotype data or Search these data. See also a list of all data tables or learn how data is managed.
  • 2n = 28 (Japan) (Imai, 1969).

References

References based on Global Ant Biodiversity Informatics

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