.jpg){kind=logo}
Holcoponera major
| Holcoponera major | |
|---|---|
| |
| Scientific classification | |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Hymenoptera |
| Family: | Formicidae |
| Subfamily: | Ectatomminae |
| Tribe: | Ectatommini |
| Genus: | Holcoponera |
| Species: | H. major |
| Binomial name | |
| Holcoponera major (Emery, 1901)
| |
Nothing is known about the biology of this species.
Identification
Lattke (2004) - This is the only known species of Holcoponera with elongate propodeal spiracles, instead of the rounded spiracles typical for all other species. The nearest relative with elongate to slit-shaped propodeal spiracles is the Neotropical genus Ectatomma F. Smith, but the spiracles in Ectatomma have a vertical longitudinal axis versus a horizontal axis for Holcoponera atrata. Holcoponera major bears some resemblance to H. atrata, having similar coloration and dimensions. Both are the largest-bodied species of the epinotalis group, but the clypeal lamella of H. atrata has a medially angular anterior margin, and its petiolar node is rectangular shaped in lateral view.
Distribution
Latitudinal Distribution Pattern
Latitudinal Range: -5.333° to -6.483333333°.
| North Temperate |
North Subtropical |
Tropical | South Subtropical |
South Temperate |
- Source: AntMaps
Distribution based on Regional Taxon Lists
Indo-Australian Region: New Guinea (type locality).
Distribution based on AntMaps
Distribution based on AntWeb specimens
Check data from AntWeb
Countries Occupied
| Number of countries occupied by this species based on AntWiki Regional Taxon Lists. In general, fewer countries occupied indicates a narrower range, while more countries indicates a more widespread species. |
|
Estimated Abundance
| Relative abundance based on number of AntMaps records per species (this species within the purple bar). Fewer records (to the left) indicates a less abundant/encountered species while more records (to the right) indicates more abundant/encountered species. |
|
Biology
Castes
The Queen and male are unknown.
Nomenclature
The following information is derived from Barry Bolton's Online Catalogue of the Ants of the World.
- major. Rhopalopone major Emery, 1901h: 154 (w.) NEW GUINEA (Papua New Guinea).
- Type-material: syntype workers (number not stated).
- Type-locality: Papua New Guinea: Sattelberg (L. Biró).
- Type-depositories: MSNG, NHMB.
- Combination in Gnamptogenys: Brown, 1958g: 228;
- combination in Holcoponera: Camacho, Franco, Branstetter, et al. 2022: 11.
- Status as species: Emery, 1911d: 35; Wheeler, W.M. 1924b: 242 (in key); Chapman & Capco, 1951: 27; Brown, 1958g: 228; Bolton, 1995b: 209; Lattke, 2004: 173 (redescription); Camacho, Franco, Branstetter, et al. 2022: 11.
- Distribution: Papua New Guinea.
Unless otherwise noted the text for the remainder of this section is reported from the publication that includes the original description.
Lattke (2004) - Clypeus longitudinally costulate; metanotal sulcus present; petiolar node slightly triangular with bluntly rounded apex in lateral view; opening of propodeal spiracle elongate, almost slitlike. Body black; antennae, legs, and mandibles brown.
Description
Worker
Lattke (2004) - Syntype (n = 1): HL 0.95, HW 0.83, ML 0.42, SL 0.70, ED 0.08, WL 1.27 mm. CI 0.87, SI 0.85, MI 0.50, OI 0.09. Anterior clypeal margin evenly convex in dorsal view; clypeus longitudinally costulate; eyes 3 ommatidia in width and 4-5 in length. Mesosomal dorsum with longitudinal strigulae mixed with sparse piligerous punctae, strigulae denser posterad; pronotum longitudinally costulate dorsad and ventrally mostly smooth in lateral view; promesonotal suture weakly impressed; metanotal sulcus present; katepisternum densely strigose; metapleuron fairly smooth and shining, longitudinal costulae present over bulla; dorsal propodeal margin meets declivitous margin through blunt angle in lateral view, declivity with slight convexity caused by spiracle; propodeal spiracle elongate in lateral view, almost slitlike with horizontal longitudinal axis. Petiolar node slightly triangular with bluntly rounded apex in lateral view; dorsum of postpetiole longitudinally rugulose-punctate; postpetiolar sternite weakly strigulose, anterior process with anterior triangular cleft in ventral view; tergite of fourth abdominal segment similar to postpetiolar dorsum but with smaller punctures. Dorsum of thorax and abdominal segments 1-4 with scattered erect to subdecumbent hairs. Body black; antennae, legs, and mandibles brown.
Type Material
Lattke (2004) - Syntype workers: New Guinea, Sattelberg (Biró) (Museo Civico di Storia Naturale, Genoa) [Examined].
References
- Brown, W. L., Jr. 1958g. Contributions toward a reclassification of the Formicidae. II. Tribe Ectatommini (Hymenoptera). Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology 118: 173-362 (page 228, Combination in Gnamptogenys)
- Camacho, G.P., Franco, W., Branstetter, M.G., Pie, M.R., Longino, J.T., Schultz, T.R., Feitosa, R.M. 2022. UCE phylogenomics resolves major relationships among Ectaheteromorph ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae: Ectatomminae, Heteroponerinae): A new classification for the subfamilies and the description of a new genus. Insect Systematics and Diversity 6(1): 5; 1–20 (doi:10.1093/isd/ixab026).
- Emery, C. 1901k. Formicidarum species novae vel minus cognitae in collectione Musaei Nationalis Hungarici, quas in Nova-Guinea, colonia germanica, collegit L. Biró. Publicatio tertia. Természetr. Füz. 25: 152-160 (page 154, worker described)
- Lattke, J. E. 2004. A Taxonomic Revision and Phylogenetic Analysis of the Ant Genus Gnamptogenys Roger in Southeast Asia and Australasia (Hymenoptera: Formicidae: Ponerinae). University of California Publications in Entomology 122: 1-266 (page 173, fig. 40 worker described)
References based on Global Ant Biodiversity Informatics
- Brown W. L., Jr. 1958. Contributions toward a reclassification of the Formicidae. II. Tribe Ectatommini (Hymenoptera). Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology 118: 173-362.
- Emery C. 1901. Formicidarum species novae vel minus cognitae in collectione Musaei Nationalis Hungarici, quas in Nova-Guinea, colonia germanica, collegit L. Biró. Publicatio tertia. Természetrajzi Füzetek 25: 152-160.
- Emery C. 1911. Hymenoptera. Fam. Formicidae. Subfam. Ponerinae. Genera Insectorum 118: 1-125.
- Janda M., G. D. Alpert, M. L. Borowiec, E. P. Economo, P. Klimes, E. Sarnat, and S. O. Shattuck. 2011. Cheklist of ants described and recorded from New Guinea and associated islands. Available on http://www.newguineants.org/. Accessed on 24th Feb. 2011.
- Lattke J. E. 2004. A taxonomic revision and phylogenetic analysis of the ant genus Gnamptogenys Roger in Southeast Asia and Australasia (Hymenoptera: Formicidae: Ponerinae). University of California Publications in Entomology 122: 1-266.
- Viehmeyer H. 1912. Ameisen aus Deutsch Neuguinea gesammelt von Dr. O. Schlaginhaufen. Nebst einem Verzeichnisse der papuanischen Arten. Abhandlungen und Berichte des Königlichen Zoologischen und Anthropologische-Ethnographischen Museums zu Dresden 14: 1-26.
- Wilson Edward O. 1959. Adaptive Shift and Dispersal in a Tropical Ant Fauna. Evolution 13(1): 122-144