Male Genitalia

Male genitalia in ants has been reviewed by Boudinot (2013).

Ward & Boudinot (2021) provide the following genitalic term equivalencies among key works (see also Boudinot (2013) and references within cited studies):

• Cupula (= basal ring of Snodgrass (1941, 1957))
• Cuspis (= cuspis or distivolsella)
• Gonocoxa (= gonocoxite in the strict sense, basimere of Snodgrass (1957), gonostipes of Schulmeister (2001))
• Gonopod (= gonopodites in the strict sense, parameres of Snodgrass (1941, 1957), latimeres of Schulmeister (2001), stipites of Kempf (1956), stipes of Birket-Smith (1981))
• Gonapophysis (= digitus of Snodgrass (1941, 1957); Schulmeister (2001))
• Gonostylus (= telomere or harpago of Snodgrass (1957), harpe of Schulmeister (2001))
• Penial sclerite (= aedeagal sclerite of Snodgrass (1941, 1957), sagitta of Snodgrass (1957), penisvalva of Schulmeister (2001))

References

• Boudinot, B.E. 2013. The male genitalia of ants: musculature, homology, and functional morphology (Hymenoptera, Aculeata, Formicidae). Journal of Hymenoptera Research 30, 29e49.
• Boudinot, B.E. 2018. A general theory of genital homologies for the Hexapoda (Pancrustacea) derived from skeletomuscular correspondences, with emphasis on the Endopterygota. Arthropod Structure & Development 47: 563–613 (doi:10.1016/j.asd.2018.11.001).
• Ward, P.S., Boudinot, B.E. 2021. Grappling with homoplasy: taxonomic refinements and reassignments in the ant genera Camponotus and Colobopsis (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). Arthropod Systematics & Phylogeny 79, 37–56 (doi:10.3897/asp.79.e66978).