Melophorus diversus

Melophorus diversus
Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Arthropoda
Class:	Insecta
Order:	Hymenoptera
Family:	Formicidae
Subfamily:	Formicinae
Tribe:	Melophorini
Genus:	Melophorus
Species group:	biroi
Species complex:	wheeleri
Species:	M. diversus
Binomial name
	Melophorus diversus; Heterick, Castalanelli & Shattuck, 2017 Specimen labels

Nothing is known about the biology of Melophorus diversus.

Identification

Heterick et al. (2017) - Melophorus diversus can be placed in the Melophoprus biroi species-group on the basis of characters of the clypeus, propodeum, mandible and palps. The species is also placed in the Melophoprus wheeleri species-complex because it agrees with the following apomorphies possessed by the complex: the minor worker often has more than five teeth, the largest major worker has a short, massive, elbowed mandible directed posteriad; in profile, the maxillary palps are short in the major and generally short in minor workers (in the minor worker, usually only attaining the neck sclerite at their maximum extent when the head is moderately inclined) and, in full-face view, the anterior margin of the clypeus in the large major worker is usually planar or weakly concave (variable in other subcastes but planar or narrowly protuberant anterior clypeal margins predominate). Melophorus diversus shares only with Melophorus wheeleri the following combination of apomorphies: the anterior sector of the clypeus of minor worker is strongly folded back towards the mandible, and the clypeal psammophore is placed on a distinct ledge that may be carinate, the minor worker mandible has 5-9 teeth and denticles, the head, mesosoma and gaster of all workers have short, inconspicuous appressed setae that are usually separated by more than their own length (if more elongate, as in some small minor workers, then the ant is glossy and weakly sculptured) and the media and major workers are quite large Melophorus (HW of the large major worker ≥ 2.60 mm). Most workers of Melophorus diversus can be distinguished from M. wheeleri workers in having the head of the minor worker smooth with just vestigial sculpture (the head often glossy), erect non-marginal setae always present on first gastral tergite with one or two small erect setae also present on the pronotum of some individuals, the eye of the minor worker large (0.30× length of side of head capsule) and the major worker usually with many fine, erect setae on the mesosoma (though these may be more sparse and bristly in a few individuals). (In Melophorus wheeleri the head of minor worker always has some sculpture and is matt to moderately shining in appearance, erect setae are almost always lacking on the pronotum and the first gastral tergite, and the eye of the minor worker is usually less than 0.30× length of side of head capsule. The major worker is similar to the major worker of M. diversus but either has a glabrous mesosoma or possesses short, bristly setae on the mesosoma and is commonly matt in appearance [WA, NT] but may be glossy [eastern states]). However, the distinctions between these two species are not always observed and a few individuals, possibly hybrids, may be unable to be placed in either taxon with confidence.

As characterized here, Melophorus diversus is integrated in a clinal pattern with eastern Australian populations of M. wheeleri, and some specimens are not amenable to being allocated to either taxon with any confidence. In all likelihood, however, two separate taxa can be recognized here. Apart from M. wheeleri, the ant can be distinguished from others in its complex by its glossy, weakly sculptured cuticle, the folded-back clypeus and the sparse nature of the appressed setae on the body and gaster, which are generally separated from one another by more than their own length.

Distribution

Heterick et al. (2017) - Most collections have made in NSW, with a few samples taken from southern QLD and one from Kunoth Paddock, near Alice Springs, in the NT.

Distribution based on Regional Taxon Lists

Australasian Region: Australia (type locality).

Distribution based on AntMaps

Distribution based on AntWeb specimens

Check data from AntWeb

Countries Occupied

Number of countries occupied by this species based on AntWiki Regional Taxon Lists. In general, fewer countries occupied indicates a narrower range, while more countries indicates a more widespread species.

Estimated Abundance

Relative abundance based on number of AntMaps records per species (this species within the purple bar). Fewer records (to the left) indicates a less abundant/encountered species while more records (to the right) indicates more abundant/encountered species.

Biology

Castes

Worker


.

Phylogeny

Melophorus

	Melophorus ludius species group

	Melophorus potteri species group

Melophorus aeneovirens species group

Melophorus biroi species group (biroi species complex)

Melophorus biroi species group (wheeleri species complex)

	Melophorus biroi species group (brevignathus species complex)

	Melophorus biroi species group (fieldi species complex)

Based on Heterick et al., 2017. Only selected species groups/complexes are included.

Nomenclature

The following information is derived from Barry Bolton's Online Catalogue of the Ants of the World.

diversus. Melophorus diversus Heterick, Castalanelli & Shattuck, 2017: 343, fig. 80 (w.) AUSTRALIA.

Unless otherwise noted the text for the remainder of this section is reported from the publication that includes the original description.

Description

Worker

(n = 6): CI 99–124; EI 14–38; EL 0.21–0.42; HL 0.56–2.48; HW 0.55–3.08; ML 0.74–2.31; MTL 0.45–1.39; PpH 0.09–0.26; PpL 0.31–0.93; S 45–103I; SL 0.57–1.37.

Minor. Head. Head square, or quadrate (i.e., heart-shaped); posterior margin of head planar to strongly convex; frons shining with superficial shagreenation or microreticulation only, or matt or with weak sheen, shagreenate; frons consisting exclusively or almost exclusively of well-spaced, appressed setae only (small, erect setae, if present, usually confined to ocular triangle or posterior margin of head). Eye moderate (eye length 0.20–0.49 length of side of head capsule); in full-face view, eyes set above midpoint of head capsule; in profile, eye set anteriad of midline of head capsule, or set around midline of head capsule; eyes elliptical or slightly reniform, or elongate. In full-face view, frontal carinae straight or weakly convex; frontal lobes straight in front of antennal insertion. Anteromedial clypeal margin straight; clypeal psammophore set at or just above anterior clypeal margin; palp formula 6,4. Five to nine mandibular teeth in minor worker; mandibles triangular, weakly incurved; third mandibular tooth distinctly shorter than apical tooth, but equivalent in length to remaining teeth. Mesosoma. Integument of pronotum, mesonotum and mesopleuron moderately shining and shagreenate throughout; anterior mesosoma in profile broadly convex; erect pronotal setae absent; in profile, metanotal groove shallow, broadly V- or U-shaped; propodeum shining and shagreenate; propodeum angulate, propodeal angle blunt; length ratio of propodeal dorsum to its declivity between 1:1 and 1:2; erect propodeal setae always absent; appressed propodeal setulae short, separated by more than own length and inconspicuous; propodeal spiracle situated on or beside declivitous face of propodeum, and shorter (length < 0.50 × height of propodeum). Petiole. In profile, petiolar node squamiform; in full-face view, shape of petiolar node uniformly rounded; node shining and smooth with vestigial sculpture. Gaster. Gaster shining, shagreenate (‘LP record’ appearance); pilosity of first gastral tergite consisting of well-spaced, erect and semi-erect setae interspersed with regularly placed appressed setae, or consisting of well-spaced short, inconspicuous, appressed setae, erect setae (present in at least some workers) confined to margin of sclerite. General characters. Colour light to dark brown, legs may be paler distally.

Major. Head. Head quadrate (i.e., heart-shaped); posterior margin of head weakly concave; cuticle of frons shining and smooth except for piliferous pits; frons consisting exclusively or almost exclusively of well-spaced, appressed setae only (small, erect setae, if present, usually confined to ocular triangle or posterior margin of head). Eyes small (eye length less than 0.2 × length of head capsule); in full-face view, eyes set above midpoint of head capsule; in profile, eye set anteriad of midline of head capsule; eyes elliptical. Frontal carinae concave in full-face view, or straight, divergent posteriad; frontal lobes curved inward in front of antennal insertion. Anterior clypeal margin broadly emarginate; clypeal psammophore set at or above midpoint of clypeus; palp formula 6,4. Mandibular teeth in major worker always 4; mandibles strongly incurved, apical sector weakly carinate or incompletely carinate; third mandibular tooth absent; masticatory margin of mandibles medially indented. Mesosoma. Integument of pronotum, mesonotum and mesopleuron moderately shining and shagreenate throughout; anterior mesosoma in profile broadly convex; erect pronotal setae short, (i.e., shorter than length of eye) and unmodified; in profile, metanotal groove shallow, broadly V- or U-shaped; propodeum shining and finely striolate and microreticulate; propodeum angulate, propodeal angle blunt; length ratio of propodeal dorsum to its declivity greater than 1:2; erect propodeal setae present and abundant (at least a dozen), or present and sparse to moderate (1-12); appressed propodeal setae short, separated by more than own length and inconspicuous; propodeal spiracle situated on or beside declivitous face of propodeum, and shorter (length less than 0.50 × height of propodeum). Petiole. In profile, petiolar node squamiform; in full-face view, shape of petiolar node tapered with median indentation; node shining and faintly shagreenate-microreticulate. Gaster. Gaster shining, shagreenate (‘LP record’ appearance); pilosity of first gastral tergite consisting of well-spaced, erect and semi-erect setae interspersed with regularly spaced appressed setae. Colour. Colour of head brownish-crimson to cherry red; trunk russet, legs light brown to ochre, gaster chocolate.

Type Material

Holotype minor worker (bottom ant) from SW of Sandringham, Queensland, 7-13 August 1980, P.J.M. Greenslade, SRM Traps, (18), 30) [ANIC32-900186] (Australian National Insect Collection). Paratypes: minor worker on same pin and with same details as holotype (ANIC); media and 2 minor workers from Sandringham Station 25[sic-should be ‘24’-BEH].03S, 139.03E, 55 km NW of Bedourie, Queensland, 16 January 1980, S. R. Morton, p4 (The Natural History Museum); major worker and two media workers from Sturt National Park, New South Wales, 23 November 1979, P.J.M. Greenslade, (7) (Museum of Comparative Zoology); major worker from Sturt National Park, New South Wales, 22 November 1979, P.J.M. Greenslade, (4) [ANIC32-900062] (MCZ); media and 2 minor workers from Sandringham Station 24.03S, 139.03E, 55 km NW of Bedourie, Queensland, 16 January 1979, S. R. Morton, 12 [duplicate labels], ex C. (Queensland Museum); 2 minor workers and a media worker from Kunoth Paddock, near Alice Springs, Northern Territory, 26 October 1974, P.J.M. Greenslade, (9), 3a) (South Australian Museum).

Etymology

Latin diversus (‘different’); adjective in the nominative singular.

References