Monacis

Monacis
Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Arthropoda
Class:	Insecta
Order:	Hymenoptera
Family:	Formicidae
Subfamily:	Dolichoderinae
Tribe:	Dolichoderini
Genus:	Monacis Roger, 1862
Type species
Formica bispinosa, now Dolichoderus bispinosus Specimen labels

This genus is not in use as it is currently considered to be a junior synonym of Dolichoderus.

Nomenclature

The following information is derived from Barry Bolton's Online Catalogue of the Ants of the World.

• MONACIS [junior synonym of Dolichoderus]
  • Monacis Roger, 1862a: 233. Type-species: Formica bispinosa, by subsequent designation of Wheeler, W.M. 1911f: 167.
  • Monacis junior synonym of Hypoclinea: Mayr, 1862: 704.
  • Monacis junior synonym of Dolichoderus: Forel, 1878: 386; Dalla Torre, 1893: 156.
  • Monacis revived from synonymy as subgenus of Dolichoderus: Emery, 1894c: 228.
  • Monacis revived status as genus: Brown, 1950e: 249; Kempf, 1959b: 227; Kempf, 1972a: 141.
  • Monacis junior synonym of Dolichoderus: Shattuck, 1992c: 66.

References

• Ashmead, W. H. 1905c. A skeleton of a new arrangement of the families, subfamilies, tribes and genera of the ants, or the superfamily Formicoidea. Can. Entomol. 37: 381-384 (page 384, Monacis in Dolichoderidae; Monacis as genus)
• Bolton, B. 1994. Identification guide to the ant genera of the world. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 222 pp. (page 26, Monacis as junior synonym of Dolichoderus)
• Bolton, B. 2003. Synopsis and Classification of Formicidae. Mem. Am. Entomol. Inst. 71: 370pp (page 85, Monacis as junior synonym of Dolichoderus)
• Borgmeier, T. 1923. Catalogo systematico e synonymico das formigas do Brasil. 1 parte. Subfam. Dorylinae, Cerapachyinae, Ponerinae, Dolichoderinae. Arch. Mus. Nac. (Rio J.) 24: 33-103 (page 81, Monacis as subgenus of Dolichoderus)
• Brown, W. L., Jr. 1950g. Morphological, taxonomic, and other notes on ants. Wasmann J. Biol. 8: 241-250 (page 249, Monacis as genus)
• Brown, W. L., Jr. 1973b. A comparison of the Hylean and Congo-West African rain forest ant faunas. Pp. 161-185 in: Meggers, B. J., Ayensu, E. S., Duckworth, W. D. (eds.) Tropical forest ecosystems in Africa and South America: a comparative review. Washington, D.C.: Smithsonian Institution Press, viii + 350 pp. (page 182, Monacis as junior synonym of Dolichoderus [provisional])
• Dalla Torre, K. W. von. 1893. Catalogus Hymenopterorum hucusque descriptorum systematicus et synonymicus. Vol. 7. Formicidae (Heterogyna). Leipzig: W. Engelmann, 289 pp. (page 156, Monacis as junior synonym of Dolichoderus)
• Dlussky, G. M.; Fedoseeva, E. B. 1988. Origin and early stages of evolution in ants. Pp. 70-144 in: Ponomarenko, A. G. (ed.) Cretaceous biocenotic crisis and insect evolution. Moskva: Nauka, 232 pp. (page 78, Monacis as genus)
• Emery, C. 1894d. Studi sulle formiche della fauna neotropica. VI-XVI. Bull. Soc. Entomol. Ital. 26: 137-241 (page 228, Monacis as subgenus of Dolichoderus)
• Emery, C. 1913a [1912]. Hymenoptera. Fam. Formicidae. Subfam. Dolichoderinae. Genera Insectorum 137: 1-50 (page 9, Monacis in Dolichoderinae, Dolichoderini; Monacis as subgenus of Dolichoderus)
• Emery, C.; Forel, A. 1879. Catalogue des Formicides d'Europe. Mitt. Schweiz. Entomol. Ges. 5: 441-481 (page 455, Monacis as junior synonym of Dolichoderus)
• Forel, A. 1878c. Études myrmécologiques en 1878 (première partie) avec l'anatomie du gésier des fourmis. Bull. Soc. Vaudoise Sci. Nat. 15: 337-392 (page 386, Monacis as junior synonym of Dolichoderus)
• Forel, A. 1917. Cadre synoptique actuel de la faune universelle des fourmis. Bull. Soc. Vaudoise Sci. Nat. 51: 229-253 (page 247, Monacis in Dolichoderinae, Dolichoderini; Monacis as subgenus of Dolichoderus)
• Hölldobler, B.; Wilson, E. O. 1990. The ants. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, xii + 732 pp. (page 17, Monacis as genus)
• Kempf, W. W. 1959c. A revision of the Neotropical ant genus Monacis Roger (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). Stud. Entomol. (n.s.) 2: 225-270 (page 227, Monacis as genus)
• Kempf, W. W. 1972b. Catálogo abreviado das formigas da regia~o Neotropical. Stud. Entomol. 15: 3-344 (page 141, Monacis as genus)
• Kempf, W. W. 1972g. A new species of the dolichoderine ant genus Monacis Roger, from the Amazon, with further remarks on the genus (Hymenoptera, Formicidae). Rev. Bras. Biol. 32: 251-254 (page 253, Monacis as genus)
• Kusnezov, N. 1956a. Claves para la identificación de las hormigas de la fauna argentina. Idia 104- 105: 1-56 (page 27, Monacis as subgenus of Dolichoderus)
• Kusnezov, N. 1959. Die Dolichoderinen-Gattungen von Süd-Amerika (Hymenoptera, Formicidae). Zool. Anz. 162: 38-51 (page 50, Monacis as subgenus of Dolichoderus)
• Mackay, W. P. 1993b. A review of the New World ants of the genus Dolichoderus (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). Sociobiology 22: 1-148 (page 6, Monacis as junior synonym of Dolichoderus)
• Mackay, W. P.; Vinson, S. B. 1989b. A guide to species identification of New World ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). Sociobiology 16: 3-47 (page 20, Monacis as genus)
• Mayr, G. 1862. Myrmecologische Studien. Verh. K-K. Zool.-Bot. Ges. Wien 12: 649-776 (page 704, Monacis as junior synonym of Hypoclinea)
• Roger, J. 1862a. Einige neue exotische Ameisen-Gattungen und Arten. Berl. Entomol. Z. 6: 233-254 (page 233, Monacis as genus)
• Shattuck, S. O. 1992c. Generic revision of the ant subfamily Dolichoderinae (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). Sociobiology 21: 1-181 (page 66, Monacis as junior synonym of Dolichoderus)
• Wheeler, W. M. 1910b. Ants: their structure, development and behavior. New York: Columbia University Press, xxv + 663 pp. (page 142, Monacis as subgenus of Dolichoderus)
• Wheeler, W. M. 1911g. A list of the type species of the genera and subgenera of Formicidae. Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci. 21: 157-175 (page 167, Type-species: Formica bispinosa, by subsequent designation )
• Wheeler, W. M. 1922i. Ants of the American Museum Congo expedition. A contribution to the myrmecology of Africa. VII. Keys to the genera and subgenera of ants. Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist. 45: 631-710 (page 688, Monacis as subgenus of Dolichoderus)