Pachycondyla solitaria

AntWiki: The Ants --- Online
Pachycondyla solitaria
Scientific classification
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Arthropoda
Class: Insecta
Order: Hymenoptera
Family: Formicidae
Subfamily: Ponerinae
Tribe: Ponerini
Genus: Pachycondyla
Species: P. solitaria
Binomial name
Pachycondyla solitaria
(Smith, F., 1860)

Pachycondyla solitaria casent0901366 p 1 high.jpg

Pachycondyla solitaria casent0901366 d 1 high.jpg

Specimen Labels

Schmith & Shattuck (2014), during their revision of the subfamily Ponerinae, were unable to determine the proper generic placement of this taxon. They left it assigned to Pachycondyla but noted that this placement is undoubtedly incorrect. Exact placement will require detailed examination of relevant material of this taxa.

Identification

Distribution

Latitudinal Distribution Pattern

Latitudinal Range: -0.616667° to -0.616667°.

 
North
Temperate
North
Subtropical
Tropical South
Subtropical
South
Temperate

Distribution based on Regional Taxon Lists

Indo-Australian Region: Indonesia (type locality).
Palaearctic Region: China.

Distribution based on AntMaps

AntMapLegend.png

Distribution based on AntWeb specimens

Check data from AntWeb

Countries Occupied

Number of countries occupied by this species based on AntWiki Regional Taxon Lists. In general, fewer countries occupied indicates a narrower range, while more countries indicates a more widespread species.
pChart

Estimated Abundance

Relative abundance based on number of AntMaps records per species (this species within the purple bar). Fewer records (to the left) indicates a less abundant/encountered species while more records (to the right) indicates more abundant/encountered species.
pChart

Biology

Castes

Images from AntWeb

Pachycondyla solitaria casent0901366 p 2 high.jpg
Holotype of Pachycondyla solitariaMale (alate). Specimen code casent0901366. Photographer Will Ericson, uploaded by California Academy of Sciences. Owned by OUM, Oxford, UK.

Nomenclature

The following information is derived from Barry Bolton's Online Catalogue of the Ants of the World.

  • solitaria. Ponera solitaria Smith, F. 1860b: 103 (m.) INDONESIA (Bacan I.).
    • Type-material: holotype male.
    • Type-locality: Indonesia: Bachian (= Bacan I.), “Bac.” (A.R. Wallace).
    • Type-depository: OXUM.
    • Combination in Pachycondyla (Bothroponera): Donisthorpe, 1932c: 461;
    • combination in Bothroponera: Wilson, 1958d: 362; Joma & Mackay, 2013: 2;
    • combination in Pachycondyla: Brown, in Bolton, 1995b: 309;
    • incertae sedis in Pachycondyla: Schmidt, C.A. & Shattuck, 2014: 155.
    • [Note: true generic combination equivocal; certainly not Pachycondyla, probably not Bothroponera; perhaps Pseudoneoponera.]
    • Status as species: Mayr, 1863: 450; Smith, F. 1871a: 323; Dalla Torre, 1893: 42; Emery, 1911d: 116; Chapman & Capco, 1951: 72; Wilson, 1958d: 362; Bolton, 1995b: 303.
    • Distribution: Indonesia (Bacan).

The following notes on F. Smith type specimens have been provided by Barry Bolton (details):

Holotype male in Oxford University Museum of Natural History. Labelled “Bac” (= Batjan I.) and with a Donisthorpe type-label. The head of the holotype is glued separately onto the stage card.

Description

References

  • Brown, W. L., Jr. 1995a. [Untitled. Taxonomic changes in Pachycondyla attributed to Brown.] Pp. 302-311 in: Bolton, B. A new general catalogue of the ants of the world. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 504 pp. (page 309, combination in Pachycondyla)
  • Brown, W. L., Jr. 1958h. A review of the ants of New Zealand. Acta Hymenopterol. 1: 1-50 (page 22, Senior synonym of chinensis and hence the latter the first available replacement name.)
  • Donisthorpe, H. 1932c. On the identity of Smith's types of Formicidae (Hymenoptera) collected by Alfred Russell Wallace in the Malay Archipelago, with descriptions of two new species. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. 10(10): 441-476 (page 461, Combination in Pachycondyla)
  • Emery, C. 1901b. Notes sur les sous-familles des Dorylines et Ponérines (Famille des Formicides). Ann. Soc. Entomol. Belg. 45: 32-54 (page 47, Combination in Euponera (Brachyponera))
  • Forel, A. 1900h. Fourmis du Japon. Nids en toile. Strongylognathus Huberi et voisins. Fourmilière triple. Cyphomymrex Wheeleri. Fourmis importées. Mitt. Schweiz. Entomol. Ges. 10: 267-287 (page 267, queen described)
  • Smith, F. 1860b. Catalogue of hymenopterous insects collected by Mr. A. R. Wallace in the islands of Bachian, Kaisaa, Amboyna, Gilolo, and at Dory in New Guinea. J. Proc. Linn. Soc. Lond. Zool. 5(17b)(suppl. to vol. 4 4: 93-143 (page 103, male described)
  • Smith, F. 1874b. Descriptions of new species of Tenthredinidae, Ichneumonidae, Chrysididae, Formicidae, &c. of Japan. Trans. Entomol. Soc. Lond. 1874: 373-409 (page 404, worker described)
  • Schmidt, C.A. & Shattuck, S.O. 2014. The higher classification of the ant subfamily Ponerinae (Hymenoptera: Formicidae), with a review of ponerine ecology and behavior. Zootaxa 3817, 1–242 (doi:10.11646/zootaxa.3817.1.1).
  • Wilson, E. O. 1958g. Studies on the ant fauna of Melanesia III. Rhytidoponera in western Melanesia and the Moluccas. IV. The tribe Ponerini. Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology 119: 303-371 (page 362, Combination in Bothroponera)

References based on Global Ant Biodiversity Informatics

  • Emery C. 1911. Hymenoptera. Fam. Formicidae. Subfam. Ponerinae. Genera Insectorum 118: 1-125.
  • Smith, Fr. "Catalogue of hymenopterous insects collected by Mr. A. R. Wallace in the Islands of Bachian, Kaisaa, Amboyna, Gilolo, and at Dory in New Guinea." Journal of the Proceedings of the Linnean Society of London, Zoology 5 (1860): 93-143.
  • Wilson E. O. 1958. Studies on the ant fauna of Melanesia III. Rhytidoponera in western Melanesia and the Moluccas. IV. The tribe Ponerini. Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology 119: 303-371.