Philidris cordata

Philidris cordata
Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Arthropoda
Class:	Insecta
Order:	Hymenoptera
Family:	Formicidae
Subfamily:	Dolichoderinae
Tribe:	Leptomyrmecini
Genus:	Philidris
Species:	P. cordata
Binomial name
Philidris cordata (Smith, F., 1859) Specimen Labels
Subspecies
Philidris cordata stewartii Forel, 1893 Philidris cordata fusca Forel, 1901 Philidris cordata protensa Forel, 1911 Philidris cordata waldoi (Forel, 1911)

Distribution

Latitudinal Distribution Pattern

Latitudinal Range: 1.909782° to -16.88333321°.

North Temperate	North Subtropical	Tropical	South Subtropical	South Temperate

• Source: AntMaps

Distribution based on Regional Taxon Lists

Indo-Australian Region: Indonesia (type locality), New Guinea, Singapore.

Distribution based on AntMaps

Distribution based on AntWeb specimens

Check data from AntWeb

Countries Occupied

Number of countries occupied by this species based on AntWiki Regional Taxon Lists. In general, fewer countries occupied indicates a narrower range, while more countries indicates a more widespread species.

Estimated Abundance

Relative abundance based on number of AntMaps records per species (this species within the purple bar). Fewer records (to the left) indicates a less abundant/encountered species while more records (to the right) indicates more abundant/encountered species.

Biology

While this species is known to nest in ant gardens it does not seem to be a true ant-garden taxon (i.e., one that is able to initiate ant gardens or is restricted to ant gardens) and is more likely to be a secondary resident or opportunistic ant-garden nester (Benzing & Clements, 1991; Campbell et al., 2022; Kleijn & Van Donkelaar, 2001).

Association with Other Organisms

 Explore: Show all Associate data or Search these data. See also a list of all data tables or learn how data is managed.

• This species is a host for the phorid fly Iridophora clarki (a parasitoid) (Quevillon, 2018) (encounter mode primary; direct transmission; transmission outside nest).
• This species is a host for the phorid fly Megaselia sembeli (a parasitoid) (Quevillon, 2018) (encounter mode primary; direct transmission; transmission outside nest).

Castes

Worker

Images from AntWeb

Worker. Specimen code casent0249757. Photographer Estella Ortega, uploaded by California Academy of Sciences.	Owned by PSWC, Philip S. Ward Collection.

Syntype of Philidris cordata. Worker. Specimen code casent0901923. Photographer Will Ericson, uploaded by California Academy of Sciences.	Owned by OUM, Oxford, UK.

Male

Images from AntWeb

Male (alate). Specimen code casent0903001. Photographer Z. Lieberman, uploaded by California Academy of Sciences.	Owned by NHMUK, London, UK.

Nomenclature

The following information is derived from Barry Bolton's Online Catalogue of the Ants of the World.

• cordata. Formica cordata Smith, F. 1859a: 137 (w.) INDONESIA (Aru I.). [Unresolved junior primary homonym of †Formica cordata Holl, 1829: 140 (Bolton, 1995b: 334).] Emery, 1887a: 250 (q.m.); Imai, Brown, et al. 1984: 68 (k.). Combination in Hypoclinea: Mayr, 1879: 659; in Iridomyrmex: Emery, 1887a: 249; in Philidris: Shattuck, 1992a: 18. Current subspecies: nominal plus fusca, protensa, stewartii. See also: Karavaiev, 1926d: 435; Tjan, Imai, et al. 1986: 58; Shattuck, 1994: 136.

Type Material

• Formica cordata Smith, 1859: Syntype, uncertain, Aru, Indonesia, museum unknown (probably BMNH (London)).

The following notes on F. Smith type specimens have been provided by Barry Bolton (details):

Formica cordata

Seven worker syntypes (on three cards) in Oxford University Museum of Natural History. Labelled “Aru.”

Description

Karyotype

• 2n = 16 (Malaysia) (Imai et al., 1983) (as Iridomyrmex cordatus).
• 2n = 16 (Sarawak) (Tjan et al., 1986) (as Iridomyrmex cordatus).

References

• Benzing, D. H., Clements, M. A. 1991. Dispersal of the orchid Dendrobium insigne by the ant Iridomyrmex cordatus in Papua New Guinea. Biotropica, 23(4), 604–607.
• Campbell, L.C.E., Kiers, E.T., Chomicki, G. 2022. The evolution of plant cultivation by ants. Trends in Plant Science (doi:10.1016/j.tplants.2022.09.005).
• Emery, C. 1887b [1886]. Catalogo delle formiche esistenti nelle collezioni del Museo Civico di Genova. Parte terza. Formiche della regione Indo-Malese e dell'Australia. [part]. Ann. Mus. Civ. Stor. Nat. 24[=(2)(4): 241-256 (page 249, Combination in Iridomyrmex)
• Emery, C. 1887b [1886]. Catalogo delle formiche esistenti nelle collezioni del Museo Civico di Genova. Parte terza. Formiche della regione Indo-Malese e dell'Australia. [part]. Ann. Mus. Civ. Stor. Nat. 24[=(2)(4): 241-256 (page 250, queen, male described)
• Imai, H. T.; Brown, W. L., Jr.; Kubota, M.; Yong, H.-S.; Tho, Y. P. 1984. Chromosome observations on tropical ants from western Malaysia. II. Annu. Rep. Natl. Inst. Genet. Jpn. 34: 66-69 (page 68, karyotype described)
• Karavaiev, V. 1926d. Ameisen aus dem Indo-Australischen Gebiet. Treubia 8: 413-445 (page 435, see also)
• Khachonpisitsak, S., Yamane, S., Sriwichai, P., Jaitrong, W. 2020. An updated checklist of the ants of Thailand (Hymenoptera, Formicidae). ZooKeys 998, 1–182 (doi:10.3897/zookeys.998.54902).
• Kleijn, D., Van Donkelaar, R. 2001. Notes on the taxonomy and ecology of the genus Hoya (Asclepiadaceae) in Central Sulawesi. Blumea J. Plant Taxon. Plant Geogr. 46: 457–483.
• Kreider, J.J., Chen, T.W., Hartke, T.R., Buchori, D., Hidayat, P., Nazarreta, R., Scheu, S., Drescher, J. 2021. Rainforest conversion to monocultures favors generalist ants with large colonies. Ecosphere 12 (doi:10.1002/ecs2.3717).
• Mayr, G. 1879. Beiträge zur Ameisen-Fauna Asiens. Verh. K-K. Zool.-Bot. Ges. Wien 28: 645-686 (page 659, Combination in Hypoclinea)
• Shattuck, S. O. 1992a. Review of the dolichoderine ant genus Iridomyrmex Mayr with descriptions of three new genera (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). J. Aust. Entomol. Soc. 31: 13-18 (page 18, Combination in Philidris)
• Shattuck, S. O. 1994. Taxonomic catalog of the ant subfamilies Aneuretinae and Dolichoderinae (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). Univ. Calif. Publ. Entomol. 112:i-xix, 1-241. (page 136, see also)
• Smith, F. 1859a. Catalogue of hymenopterous insects collected by Mr. A. R. Wallace at the islands of Aru and Key. [part]. J. Proc. Linn. Soc. Lond. Zool. 3: 132-158 (page 137, worker described)
• Tjan, K. N.; Imai, H. T.; Kubota, M.; Brown, W. L., Jr.; Gotwald, W. H., Jr.; Yong, H.-S.; Leh, C. 1986. Chromosome observations of Sarawak ants. Annu. Rep. Natl. Inst. Genet. Jpn. 36: 57 (page 58, see also)
• Wang, W.Y., Soh, E.J.Y., Yong, G.W.J., Wong, M.K.L., Benoit Guénard, Economo, E.P., Yamane, S. 2022. Remarkable diversity in a little red dot: a comprehensive checklist of known ant species in Singapore (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) with notes on ecology and taxonomy. Asian Myrmecology 15: e015006 (doi:10.20362/am.015006).
• Yamane, S., Tanaka, H.O., Hasimoto, Y., Ohashi, M., Meleng, P., Itioka, T. 2021. A list of ants from Lambir Hills National Park and its vicinity, with their biological information: Part II. Subfamilies Leptanillinae, Proceratiinae, Amblyoponinae, Ponerinae, Dorylinae, Dolichoderinae, Ectatomminae and Formicinae. Contributions from the Biological Laboratory, Kyoto University 31, 87–157.

References based on Global Ant Biodiversity Informatics

• Clark J. 1928. Ants from north Queensland. Victorian Naturalist 45: 169-171.
• Dahl F. 1901. Das Leben der Ameisen im Bismarck-Archipel, nach eigenen Beobachtungen vergleichend dargestellt. Mitt. Zool. Mus. Berl. 2: 1-70.
• Emery C. 1887. Catalogo delle formiche esistenti nelle collezioni del Museo Civico di Genova. Parte terza. Formiche della regione Indo-Malese e dell'Australia. [part]. Ann. Mus. Civ. Stor. Nat. 24(4): 209-258.
• Emery C. 1893. Formicides de l'Archipel Malais. Revue Suisse de Zoologie 1: 187-229.
• Emery C. 1913. Hymenoptera. Fam. Formicidae. Subfam. Dolichoderinae. Genera Insectorum 137: 1-50.
• Emery, C. "Catalogo delle formiche esistenti nelle collezioni del Museo Civico di Genova. Parte terza. Formiche della regione Indo-Malese e dell'Australia." Annali del Museo Civico di Storia Naturale Giacomo Doria (Genova) (2) 4, no. 24 (1887): 209-258.
• Emery, C. "Voyage de MM. Bedot et Pictet dans l'Archipel Malais. Formicides de l'Archipel Malais." Revue Suisse de Zoologie 1 (1893): 187-229.
• Gay H., and R. Hensen. 1992. Ant specificity and behaviour in mutualisms with epiphytes: the case of Lecanopteris (Polypodiaceae). Biological Journal of the Linnean Society 47: 261-284.
• Greenslade P.J.M. 1970. Interspecific competition and frequency changes among ants in Solomon islands coconut Plantations. Journal of Applied Ecology 8(2): 323-352.
• Greenslade P.J.M. 1971. Interspecific Competition and Frequency Changes Among Ants in Solomon Islands Coconut Plantations. Journal of Applied Ecology 8(2): 323-352
• Greenslade P.J.M. 1971. Phenology of Three Ant Species In the Solomon Islands. Australian Journal of Entomology 10(4): 241–252
• Greenslade P.J.M. and Greenslade Penelope. 1977. Some Effects of Vegetation Cover and Disturbance on a Tropical Ant Fauna. Insectes Sociaux 24(2): 163-182
• Greenslade P.J.M. and P. Greenslade. 1977. Some effects of vegetation cover and disturbance on a tropical ant fauna. Insectes Sociaux 24(2): 163-182.
• Janda M., G. D. Alpert, M. L. Borowiec, E. P. Economo, P. Klimes, E. Sarnat, and S. O. Shattuck. 2011. Cheklist of ants described and recorded from New Guinea and associated islands. Available on http://www.newguineants.org/. Accessed on 24th Feb. 2011.
• Karavaiev V. 1926. Ameisen aus dem Indo-Australischen Gebiet. Treubia 8: 413-445.
• Kubota. M. 1988. Records of Ants (5). ARI Reports of the Myrmecologists Society (Japan) 16: 16
• Rizali A., Y. Clough, D. Buchori, M. L . A. Hosang, M. M. Bos, and T. Tscharntke. 2012. Long-term change of ant community structure in cacao agroforestry landscapes in Indonesia. Insect Conservation and Diversity doi: 10.1111/j.1752-4598.2012.00219.x
• Room P. M. 1975. Diversity and organization of the ground foraging ant faunas of forest, grassland and tree crops in Papua Nez Guinea. Aust. J. Zool. 23: 71-89.
• Room, P.M. 1975. Relative Distributions of Ant Species in Cocoa Plantations in Papua New Guinea Relative Distributions of Ant Species in Cocoa Plantations in Papua New Guinea. Journal of Applied Ecology 12(1):47-61
• Taylor R. W. 1976. The ants of Rennell and Bellona Islands. Natural History of Rennell Island, British Solomon Islands 7: 73-90.
• Taylor R. W. 1987. A checklist of the ants of Australia, New Caledonia and New Zealand (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). CSIRO (Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization) Division of Entomology Report 41: 1-92.
• Tjan K. N., H. T. Imai, M. Kubota, W. L., Jr., Brown, W. H. Gotwald, H.-S. Yong, and C. Leh. 1986. Chromosome observations of Sarawak ants. Annu. Rep. Natl. Inst. Genet. Jpn. 36: 57-58.
• Viehmeyer H. 1912. Ameisen aus Deutsch Neuguinea gesammelt von Dr. O. Schlaginhaufen. Nebst einem Verzeichnisse der papuanischen Arten. Abhandlungen und Berichte des Königlichen Zoologischen und Anthropologische-Ethnographischen Museums zu Dresden 14: 1-26.
• Viehmeyer H. 1914. Papuanische Ameisen. Deutsche Entomologische Zeitschrift 1914: 515-535.
• Wilson E. O. 1959. Some ecological characteristics of ants in New Guinea rain forests. Ecology 40: 437-447.