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Tetramorium avaratra
| Tetramorium avaratra | |
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| Scientific classification | |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Hymenoptera |
| Family: | Formicidae |
| Subfamily: | Myrmicinae |
| Tribe: | Crematogastrini |
| Genus: | Tetramorium |
| Species: | T. avaratra |
| Binomial name | |
| Tetramorium avaratra Hita Garcia & Fisher, 2012
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This new species is restricted in its distribution to several localities in the northern tip of Madagascar and Nosy Be. Interestingly, there is no material known from the area between the population on Nosy Be and the other localities from Andavakoera, Ankarana, Bekaraoka, Ampondrabe, and Analamerana. Tetramorium avaratra appears to have comparatively flexible habitat requirements, having been found in rainforests, tropical dry forests, and on tsingy. Also, T. avaratra appears to be a ground-active species sampled mainly from leaf litter, and seems restricted to low elevations of 30 to 425 m. (Hita Garcia and Fisher 2012)
Identification
A member of the Tetramorium jedi species complex of the Tetramorium tortuosum-species group.
Hita Garcia and Fisher (2012) - Tetramorium avaratra is easily recognisable within the T. jedi complex due to the following character combination: propodeal spines long (PSLI 27 - 34 without the Nosy Be specimens, and PSLI 27 - 37 with the Nosy Be material); petiolar node in dorsal view between 1.2 to 1.4 times wider than long (DPeI 126 - 137); dorsum of petiolar node only weakly rugose; base of first gastral tergite with superficial, fine, reticulate-punctate sculpture.
Tetramorium avaratra shows variation in two important morphological characters. First, the propodeal spines of T. avaratra are usually long, but relatively short for the T. tortuosum group, with a PSLI of 27 - 34 with a mean value of 31. The few specimens known from the island of Nosy Be, however, have significantly longer spines (PSLI 37 - 39). The second variable character is the sculpture on the first gastral tergite. Generally, the reticulate-punctate ground sculpture is well-developed on the basal third and fairly conspicuous. Nevertheless, in some specimens from Ankarana and Andavakoera, this character is often weakly developed, but still always present and visible.
Within the complex, T. avaratra cannot be mistaken with Tetramorium jedi. The latter species has much more pronounced sculpture on the whole first gastral tergite, which is densely and strongly reticulate-punctate, while the sculpture in T. avaratra is only superficial, much less developed, and restricted to the basal third of the first gastral tergite. In addition, both differ in the shape of the petiolar node since it is distinctly longer than wide in T. jedi (DPeI 79 - 85), whereas it is wider than long in T. avaratra (DPeI 126 - 137). The third species in the T. jedi complex, Tetramorium pleganon, is morphologically much closer to T. avaratra. Tetramorium pleganon differs from T. avaratra in several aspects, although some are not obvious at first glance. The propodeal spines are generally much longer in T. pleganon (PSLI 37 - 44) than in T. avaratra (PSLI 27 - 34 without the Nosy Be specimens, PSLI 27 - 37 with the Nosy Be material). Additionally, the petiolar node dorsum is wider and higher in T. avaratra (DPeI 126 - 137; LPeI 54 - 66) than in T. pleganon (DPeI 111 - 118; LPeI 63 - 73. Apart from these differences, both species differ also in the development of sculpture on the waist segments and the first gastral tergite, which is generally less well-developed in T. avaratra than in T. pleganon. This is especially visible on the dorsum of the petiolar node, which is always strongly rugose in T. pleganon but much less rugose in T. avaratra, where it is partly smooth.
Keys including this Species
Distribution
Latitudinal Distribution Pattern
Latitudinal Range: 13.41933° to 12.74667°.
| North Temperate |
North Subtropical |
Tropical | South Subtropical |
South Temperate |
- Source: AntMaps
Distribution based on Regional Taxon Lists
Malagasy Region: Madagascar (type locality).
Distribution based on AntMaps
Distribution based on AntWeb specimens
Check data from AntWeb
Countries Occupied
| Number of countries occupied by this species based on AntWiki Regional Taxon Lists. In general, fewer countries occupied indicates a narrower range, while more countries indicates a more widespread species. |
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Estimated Abundance
| Relative abundance based on number of AntMaps records per species (this species within the purple bar). Fewer records (to the left) indicates a less abundant/encountered species while more records (to the right) indicates more abundant/encountered species. |
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Biology
Castes
Images from AntWeb
   
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| Queen (alate/dealate). Specimen code casent0044387. Photographer Estella Ortega, uploaded by California Academy of Sciences. | Owned by CAS, San Francisco, CA, USA. |
   
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| Holotype of Tetramorium avaratra. Worker. Specimen code casent0445167. Photographer Shannon Hartman, uploaded by California Academy of Sciences. | Owned by CAS, San Francisco, CA, USA. |
Nomenclature
The following information is derived from Barry Bolton's Online Catalogue of the Ants of the World.
- avaratra. Tetramorium avaratra Hita Garcia & Fisher, 2012: 47, figs. 46, 47, 49, 102-104, 141 (w.) MADAGASCAR.
Unless otherwise noted the text for the remainder of this section is reported from the publication that includes the original description.
Description
Worker
HL 0.81 - 0.94 (0.88); HW 0.78 - 0.94 (0.87); SL 0.56 - 0.65 (0.60); EL 0.15 - 0.18 (0.17); PH 0.41 - 0.48 (0.45); PW 0.59 - 0.71 (0.65); WL 1.02 - 1.20 (1.12); PSL 0.24 - 0.33 (0.28); PTL 0.19 - 0.24 (0.22); PTH 0.33 - 0.40 (0.37); PTW 0.26 - 0.31 (0.29); PPL 0.23 - 0.30 (0.27); PPH 0.29 - 0.37 (0.34); PPW 0.30 - 0.38 (0.35); CI 97 - 101 (99); SI 66 - 72 (69); OI 18 - 20 (19); DMI 56 - 60 (57); LMI 38 - 41 (40); PSLI 27 - 37 (32); PeNI 43 - 46 (44); LPeI 54 - 66 (60); DPeI 126 - 137 (130); PpNI 50 - 56 (54); LPpI 74 - 85 (79); DPpI 124 - 137 (130); PPI 116 - 125 (120) (15 measured).
Head approximately as long as wide (CI 97 - 101); posterior head margin moderately concave. Anterior clypeal margin medially impressed. Frontal carinae strongly developed, diverging posteriorly, and ending at corners of posterior head margin. Antennal scrobes developed, moderately deep, and broad, without defined ventral margins. Antennal scapes very short, not reaching posterior head margin (SI 66 - 72). Eyes short (OI 18 - 20). Mesosomal outline in profile flat to weakly convex, strongly marginate from lateral to dorsal mesosoma; promesonotal suture and metanotal groove absent; mesosoma comparatively stout and high (LMI 38 - 41). Propodeal spines long, spinose and acute (PSLI 27 - 37); propodeal lobes short, triangular, and moderately acute. Petiolar node in profile rectangular nodiform, approximately 1.5 to 1.8 times higher than long (LPeI 54 - 66), anterior and posterior faces approximately parallel, anterodorsal margin situated higher than posterodorsal, dorsum noticeably tapering backwards posteriorly; node in dorsal view approximately 1.2 to 1.4 times wider than long (DPeI 126 - 137). Postpetiole in profile rounded, approximately 1.2 to 1.4 times higher than long (LPpI 74 - 85); in dorsal view around 1.2 to 1.4 times wider than long (DPpI 124 - 137). Postpetiole in profile appearing less voluminous than petiolar node, in dorsal view 1.1 to 1.3 times wider than petiolar node (PPI 116 - 125). Mandibles finely to strongly striate; clypeus longitudinally rugose, with four to eight rugae, median ruga always present, well-developed and distinct, remaining rugae variably developed, usually weaker and sometimes irregularly arranged; cephalic dorsum between frontal carinae with 11 to 13 longitudinal rugae, most rugae running unbroken from posterior head margin to anterior clypeus, few rugae interrupted and none with cross-meshes; scrobal area mostly unsculptured; lateral and ventral head longitudinally rugose with very few cross-meshes. Mesosoma laterally and dorsally distinctly longitudinally rugose, lateral mesosoma sometimes weaker sculptured than dorsum. Forecoxae generally unsculptured, smooth, and shining, at most with superficial sculpture. Ground sculpture on head and mesosoma generally faint to absent. Waist segments weakly to moderately rugose, sculpture on petiolar node weaker than on postpetiole; both waist segments with conspicuous reticulate-punctate ground sculpture. First gastral tergite with superficial, fine reticulate-punctate sculpture, generally restricted to basal third of the tergite, in several specimens sculpture fairly reduced, but always present. All dorsal surfaces of body with abundant, long, and fine standing hairs. Anterior edges of antennal scapes with decumbent to suberect hairs. Body of uniform brown to dark brown colour, appendages often of lighter colour.
Type Material
Holotype worker, MADAGASCAR, Antsiranana, Réserve Spéciale de l'Ankarana, 22.9 km 224° SW Anivorano Nord, 12.90889 S, 49.10983 E, 80 m, tropical dry forest, sifted litter (leaf mold, rotten wood), collection code BLF02858, 10.-16.II.2001 (B.L. Fisher, C. Griswold et al.) (California Academy of Sciences: CASENT0445167). Paratypes, 15 workers with same data as holotype (The Natural History Museum: CASENT0443679; CASC: CASENT0439463; CASENT0443689; CASENT0445147; CASENT0445161; CASENT0445174; CASENT0448424; CASENT0448440; CASENT0448557; CASENT0448579; CASENT0448643; CASENT0448665; Museum of Comparative Zoology: CASENT0443659; Musee d'Histoire Naturelle Genève: CASENT0448417; Naturhistorisches Museum, Basel: CASENT0448568).
Etymology
The species epithet is an arbitrary combination of letters.
References
References based on Global Ant Biodiversity Informatics
- Hita Garcia F., and B. L. Fisher. 2012. The ant genus Tetramorium Mayr (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) in the Malagasy regiontaxonomic revision of the T. kelleri and T. tortuosum species groups. Zootaxa 3592: 1-85.