Typhlomyrmex rogenhoferi

Typhlomyrmex rogenhoferi
Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Arthropoda
Class:	Insecta
Order:	Hymenoptera
Family:	Formicidae
Subfamily:	Ectatomminae
Tribe:	Ectatommini
Genus:	Typhlomyrmex
Species:	T. rogenhoferi
Binomial name
Typhlomyrmex rogenhoferi Mayr, 1862 Specimen labels
Synonyms
Centromyrmex sculpturatus Santschi, 1931 Typhlomyrmex robustus manco Wheeler, W.M., 1925 Typhlomyrmex rogenhoferi robustus Emery, 1890

Unlike congeneric species with subterranean nests, T. rogenhoferi nests exclusively inside stumps of dead wood (Lacau et al. 2008). They occur throughout Central and South America between 30°S et 20°N, a much broader distribution than other congeneric species (Brown, 1964; Lacau et al., 2004).

Identification

Keys including this Species

• Key to Typhlomyrmex workers

Distribution

Latitudinal Distribution Pattern

Latitudinal Range: 21.497183° to -24.032°.

North Temperate	North Subtropical	Tropical	South Subtropical	South Temperate

• Source: AntMaps

Distribution based on Regional Taxon Lists

Neotropical Region: Argentina, Belize, Bolivia, Brazil (type locality), Colombia, Costa Rica, Ecuador, French Guiana, Guatemala, Guyana, Honduras, Mexico, Panama, Paraguay, Peru, Suriname, Venezuela.

Distribution based on AntMaps

Distribution based on AntWeb specimens

Check data from AntWeb

Countries Occupied

Number of countries occupied by this species based on AntWiki Regional Taxon Lists. In general, fewer countries occupied indicates a narrower range, while more countries indicates a more widespread species.

Estimated Abundance

Relative abundance based on number of AntMaps records per species (this species within the purple bar). Fewer records (to the left) indicates a less abundant/encountered species while more records (to the right) indicates more abundant/encountered species.

Biology

Sébastien Lacau studied many colonies over 11 years in French Guyana and Brazil (Para and Bahia States). Workers of T. rogenhoferi are the largest in this genus and show striking variation (2X) in body size. Colonies frequently exceed 2000 workers, which is atypical for Ectatomminae. This species is a highly opportunistic hunter inside dead stumps, and there is no cooperation during foraging. Larvae of Lampyridae (Coleoptera) live peacefully inside the nests of T. rogenhoferi, and there is no predation of ant brood or adults (Lacau et al. 2008). Workers were observed to lick the lampyrid larvae, possibly due to an attractive secretion.

Lacau et al. (2008) provided a detailed description of the sting apparatus

De la Mora et al. (2016) found this species nesting in logs found in coffee farms in the Soconusco region of Chiapas, Mexico.

Association with Other Organisms

 Explore: Show all Associate data or Search these data. See also a list of all data tables or learn how data is managed.

• This species is a host for the eucharitid wasp Kapala sp. (a parasitoid) (Quevillon, 2018) (multiple encounter modes; direct transmission; transmission outside nest).

Flight Period

		X	X	X	X	X	X
Jan	Feb	Mar	Apr	May	Jun	Jul	Aug	Sep	Oct	Nov	Dec

Source: Kaspari et al., 2001.

• Check details at Worldwide Ant Nuptial Flights Data, AntNupTracker and AntKeeping.

 Explore: Show all Flight Month data or Search these data. See also a list of all data tables or learn how data is managed.

Castes

Worker

Images from AntWeb

Worker. Specimen code casent0004700. Photographer April Nobile, uploaded by California Academy of Sciences.	Owned by CAS, San Francisco, CA, USA.

Worker. Specimen code casent0173390. Photographer April Nobile, uploaded by California Academy of Sciences.	Owned by ALWC, Alex L. Wild Collection.

Queen

Images from AntWeb

Queen (alate/dealate). Specimen code casent0000005. Photographer April Nobile, uploaded by California Academy of Sciences.	Owned by CAS, San Francisco, CA, USA.

Male

Images from AntWeb

Male (alate). Specimen code casent0006787. Photographer April Nobile, uploaded by California Academy of Sciences.	Owned by CAS, San Francisco, CA, USA.

Nomenclature

The following information is derived from Barry Bolton's Online Catalogue of the Ants of the World.

• rogenhoferi. Typhlomyrmex rogenhoferi Mayr, 1862: 737 (w.) BRAZIL (no state data).
  • Type-material: syntype workers (number not stated).
  • Type-locality: Brazil: (no further data, “from the area of the river Amazon”) (no collector’s name).
  • Type-depository: NHMW.
  • [Misspelled as rongenhoferi by Menozzi, 1927c: 267.]
  • Mayr, 1887: 538 (q.m.); Wheeler, G.C. & Wheeler, J. 1976a: 42 (l.).
  • Status as species: Roger, 1863b: 21; Mayr, 1863: 457; Mayr, 1887: 538; Dalla Torre, 1893: 16; Forel, 1895b: 111; Emery, 1896g: 33; Forel, 1899c: 2; Emery, 1906c: 111; Emery, 1911d: 34; Forel, 1912b: 81; Bruch, 1914: 212; Mann, 1916: 403; Gallardo, 1918b: 14; Borgmeier, 1923: 54; Wheeler, W.M. 1925a: 2; Menozzi, 1927c: 267; Menozzi, 1931b: 261; Brown, 1957e: 229; Kempf, 1961b: 493; Brown, 1965c: 74; Kempf, 1970b: 325; Kempf, 1972a: 256; Brandão, 1991: 383; Bolton, 1995b: 422; Wild, 2007b: 27; Arias-Penna, 2008b: 102; Lacau, et al. 2008: 256 (redescription); Branstetter & Sáenz, 2012: 255; Bezděčková, et al. 2015: 111; Feitosa, 2015c: 98; Feitosa & Prada-Achiardi, 2019: 678; Camacho, Franco, Branstetter, et al. 2022: 12.
  • Senior synonym of manco: Brown, 1957e: 229; Brown, 1965c: 74; Kempf, 1972a: 256; Bolton, 1995b: 422.
  • Senior synonym of robustus: Brown, 1957e: 229; Brown, 1965c: 74; Kempf, 1972a: 256; Bolton, 1995b: 422.
  • Senior synonym of sculpturatus: Brown, 1965c: 74; Kempf, 1972a: 256; Bolton, 1995b: 422.
  • Distribution: Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia, Costa Rica, Guatemala, Guyana, Honduras, Mexico, Panama, Peru, Suriname, Venezuela.
• manco. Typhlomyrmex robustus subsp. manco Wheeler, W.M. 1925a: 2 (w.m.) PERU, BOLIVIA.
  • Type-material: syntype workers, syntype males (numbers not stated, “several”).
  • Type-locality: Peru: Pablobamba (N. Holmgren).
  • [Note: other type-material localities include Bolivia: Charubamba (N. Holmgren), and Peru: Chaquimayo (N. Holmgren).]
  • Type-depositories: MCZC, ZMUC.
  • Junior synonym of rogenhoferi: Brown, 1957e: 229; Brown, 1965c: 74; Kempf, 1972a: 256; Bolton, 1995b: 422.
• robustus. Typhlomyrmex rogenhoferi r. robustus Emery, 1890b: 40 (w.) COSTA RICA.
  • Type-material: syntype workers (number not stated).
  • Type-locality: Costa Rica: Alajuela, 1889 (A. Alfaro).
  • Type-depositories: MCZC, MSNG.
  • [Also described as new by Emery, 1894k: 46.]
  • Forel, 1899c: 3 (q.); Wheeler, G.C. & Wheeler, J. 1952a: 121 (l.).
  • Subspecies of rogenhoferi: Emery, in Dalla Torre, 1893: 16 (footnote); Forel, 1899c: 3.
  • Status as species: Dalla Torre, 1893: 16; Emery, 1911d: 34; Mann, 1922: 2; Wheeler, W.M. 1925a: 2.
  • Junior synonym of rogenhoferi: Brown, 1957e: 229; Brown, 1965c: 74; Kempf, 1972a: 256; Bolton, 1995b: 422.
• sculpturatus. Centromyrmex sculpturatus Santschi, 1931c: 266 (q.) PANAMA.
  • Type-material: holotype queen.
  • Type-locality: Panama: Canal Zone (A. Bierig).
  • Type-depository: NHMB.
  • Combination in Typhlomyrmex: Brown, 1965c: 74.
  • Junior synonym of rogenhoferi: Brown, 1965c: 74; Kempf, 1972a: 256; Bolton, 1995b: 422.

Description

Karyotype

• See additional details at the Ant Chromosome Database.

 Explore: Show all Karyotype data or Search these data. See also a list of all data tables or learn how data is managed.

• n = 17, 2n = 34, karyotype = 2M + 32A (Brazil) (Mariano et al., 2006b; Mariano et al., 2015).
• n = 19, 2n = 38, karyotype = 6M + 32A (Brazil) (Mariano et al., 2006b; Mariano et al., 2015).
• n = 18, 2n = 36, karyotype = 2M + 34A (French Guiana) (Mariano et al., 2006b; Mariano et al., 2015).

References

• Aguiar, H.J.A.C., Barros, L.A.C., Silveira, L.I., Petitclerc, F., Etienne, S., Orivel, J. 2020. Cytogenetic data for sixteen ant species from North-eastern Amazonia with phylogenetic insights into three subfamilies. Comparative Cytogenetics 14(1): 43–60 (doi:10.3897/CompCytogen.v14i1.46692).
• Albuquerque, E., Prado, L., Andrade-Silva, J., Siqueira, E., Sampaio, K., Alves, D., Brandão, C., Andrade, P., Feitosa, R., Koch, E., Delabie, J., Fernandes, I., Baccaro, F., Souza, J., Almeida, R., Silva, R. 2021. Ants of the State of Pará, Brazil: a historical and comprehensive dataset of a key biodiversity hotspot in the Amazon Basin. Zootaxa 5001, 1–83 (doi:10.11646/zootaxa.5001.1.1).
• Brown, W. L., Jr. 1957e. Biological investigations in the Selva Lacandona, Chiapas. 4. Ants from Laguna Ocotal (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology 116: 228-237 (page 229, Senior synonym of manco and robustus)
• Brown, W. L., Jr. 1965c. Contributions to a reclassification of the Formicidae. IV. Tribe Typhlomyrmecini (Hymenoptera). Psyche (Camb.) 72: 65-78 (page 74, Senior synonym of sculpturatus)
• Camacho, G.P., Franco, W., Branstetter, M.G., Pie, M.R., Longino, J.T., Schultz, T.R., Feitosa, R.M. 2022. UCE phylogenomics resolves major relationships among Ectaheteromorph ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae: Ectatomminae, Heteroponerinae): A new classification for the subfamilies and the description of a new genus. Insect Systematics and Diversity 6(1): 5; 1–20 (doi:10.1093/isd/ixab026).
• Camacho, G.P., Franco, W., Branstetter, M.G., Pie, M.R., Longino, J.T., Schultz, T.R., Feitosa, R.M. 2022. UCE phylogenomics resolves major relationships among Ectaheteromorph ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae: Ectatomminae, Heteroponerinae): A new classification for the subfamilies and the description of a new genus. Insect Systematics and Diversity 6(1): 5; 1–20 (doi:10.1093/isd/ixab026).
• Camargo, K.S. de. 2011. Composicao e diversidade de "Poneromorfas" (Hymenoptera, Formicidae) em duas fitofisionomias de cerrado e padroes de distribuicao de "Poneromorfas", Pseudomyrmecinae e Cephalotini (Myrmicinae) para o Brasil. Thesis, Universidade de Brasilia.
• Cantone S. 2017. Winged Ants, The Male, Dichotomous key to genera of winged male ants in the World, Behavioral ecology of mating flight (self-published).
• Cantone S. 2018. Winged Ants, The queen. Dichotomous key to genera of winged female ants in the World. The Wings of Ants: morphological and systematic relationships (self-published).
• de la Mora, A., G. Perez-Lachaud, J. P. Lachaud, and S. M. Philpott. 2015. Local and Landscape Drivers of Ant Parasitism in a Coffee Landscape. Environmental Entomology. 44:939-950. doi:10.1093/ee/nvv071
• Fernández, F., Fiorentino, G., Castro, D. 2023. A new species of Typhlomyrmex from Colombia, re-description of the worker of T. clavicornis Emery, description of the worker of T. prolatus Brown, and key of known species (Hymenoptera, Formicidae). Journal of Hymenoptera Research 96, 579–597 (doi:10.3897/jhr.96.103219).
• Franco, W., Ladino, N., Delabie, J.H.C., Dejean, A., Orivel, J., Fichaux, M., Groc, S., Leponce, M., Feitosa, R.M. 2019. First checklist of the ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) of French Guiana. Zootaxa 4674, 509–543 (doi:10.11646/zootaxa.4674.5.2).
• Kaspari, M., Pickering, J., Longino, J., Windsor, D. 2001. The phenology of a Neotropical ant assemblage: evidence for continuous and overlapping reproduction. Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology 50, 382–390 (doi:10.1007/s002650100378).
• Lacau S., Fresneau D., Delabie J.H.C., Jahyny B., Montreuil O. & Villemant C. 2001. Uma nova associação entre as larvas mirmecófilas de duas espécies de Lampyridae (Insecta: Coleoptera) et a formiga Typhlomyrmex rogenhoferi Mayr, 1862 (Formicidae, Ponerinae). Anais do XV Encontro de Mirmecologia. IAPAR, Londrina-PR.: 239-241.
• Lacau S., Villemant C., Jahyny B., Delabie JHC 2008. Typhlomyrmex Mayr, 1862: un genre méconnu de petites fourmis cryptiques et prédatrices (Ectatomminae: Typhlomyrmecini), pp. 241-283 in Sistemática, biogeografía y conservación de las hormigas cazadoras de Colombia, Editors Jiménez, E., Fernández, F., Arias, T. M. & Lozano-Zambrano, F. H. Instituto de Investigación de Recursos Biológicos Alexander von Humboldt, Bogotá, Colombia. 609p.
• Mariano, C.S.F., Santos, I.S., Silva, J.G., Costa, M.A., Pompolo, S.G. 2015. Citogenética e evolução do cariótipo em formigas poneromorfas. In: Delabie, J.H.C., Feitosa, R.M., Serrao, J.E., Mariano, C.S.F., Majer, J.D. (eds) As formigas poneromorfas do Brasil, 1st edn. Ilhéus, Brasil, pp 102–125 (doi:10.7476/9788574554419.0010).
• Mayr, G. 1862. Myrmecologische Studien. Verh. K-K. Zool.-Bot. Ges. Wien 12: 649-776 (page 737, worker described)
• Mayr, G. 1887. Südamerikanische Formiciden. Verh. K-K. Zool.-Bot. Ges. Wien 37: 511-632 (page 538, queen, male described)
• Wheeler, G. C.; Wheeler, J. 1976a. Supplementary studies on ant larvae: Ponerinae. Trans. Am. Entomol. Soc. 102: 41-64 (page 42, larva described)

References based on Global Ant Biodiversity Informatics

• Bezdeckova K., P. Bedecka, and I. Machar. 2015. A checklist of the ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) of Peru. Zootaxa 4020 (1): 101–133.
• Borgmeier T. 1923. Catalogo systematico e synonymico das formigas do Brasil. 1 parte. Subfam. Dorylinae, Cerapachyinae, Ponerinae, Dolichoderinae. Archivos do Museu Nacional (Rio de Janeiro) 24: 33-103.
• Brandao, C.R.F. 1991. Adendos ao catalogo abreviado das formigas da regiao neotropical (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). Rev. Bras. Entomol. 35: 319-412.
• Brown W. L., Jr. 1957. Biological investigations in the Selva Lacandona, Chiapas. 4. Ants from Laguna Ocotal (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology 116: 228-237.
• Brown W. L., Jr. 1965. Contributions to a reclassification of the Formicidae. IV. Tribe Typhlomyrmecini (Hymenoptera). Psyche (Camb.) 72: 65-78.
• Bruch C. 1914. Catálogo sistemático de los formícidos argentinos. Revista del Museo de La Plata 19: 211-234.
• Cuezzo, F. 1998. Formicidae. Chapter 42 in Morrone J.J., and S. Coscaron (dirs) Biodiversidad de artropodos argentinos: una perspectiva biotaxonomica Ediciones Sur, La Plata. Pages 452-462.
• Dattilo W. et al. 2019. MEXICO ANTS: incidence and abundance along the Nearctic-Neotropical interface. Ecology https://doi.org/10.1002/ecy.2944
• De La Mora, A., and S. M. Philpott. 2010. Wood-nesting ants and their parasites in forests and coffee agroecosystems. Environmental Entomology 39: 1473-1481.
• De la Mora, A., G. Perez-Lachaud, J. P.Lachaud, and S. M. Philpott. 2015. Local and landscape drivers of ant parasitism in a coffee landscape. Environmental Entomology 44: 939-950.
• Emery C. 1890. Studii sulle formiche della fauna neotropica. Bull. Soc. Entomol. Ital. 22: 38-8
• Emery C. 1894. Estudios sobre las hormigas de Costa Rica. Anales del Museo Nacional de Costa Rica 1888-1889: 45-64.
• Emery C. 1906. Studi sulle formiche della fauna neotropica. XXVI. Bullettino della Società Entomologica Italiana 37: 107-194.
• Emery C. 1911. Hymenoptera. Fam. Formicidae. Subfam. Ponerinae. Genera Insectorum 118: 1-125.
• Escalante Gutiérrez J. A. 1993. Especies de hormigas conocidas del Perú (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). Revista Peruana de Entomología 34:1-13.
• Fernandes, P.R. XXXX. Los hormigas del suelo en Mexico: Diversidad, distribucion e importancia (Hymenoptera: Formicidae).
• Fernández F., and T. M. Arias-Penna. 2008. Las hormigas cazadoras en la región Neotropical. Pp. 3-39 in: Jiménez, E.; Fernández, F.; Arias, T.M.; Lozano-Zambrano, F. H. (eds.) 2008. Sistemática, biogeografía y conservación de las hormigas cazadoras de Colombia. Bogotá: Instituto de Investigación de Recursos Biológicos Alexander von Humboldt, xiv + 609 pp.
• Fernández, F. and S. Sendoya. 2004. Lista de las hormigas neotropicales. Biota Colombiana Volume 5, Number 1.
• Forel A. 1912. Einige interessante Ameisen des Deutschen Entomologischen Museums zu Berlin-Dahlem. Entomol. Mitt. 1: 81-83.
• Franco W., N. Ladino, J. H. C. Delabie, A. Dejean, J. Orivel, M. Fichaux, S. Groc, M. Leponce, and R. M. Feitosa. 2019. First checklist of the ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) of French Guiana. Zootaxa 4674(5): 509-543.
• Gallardo A. 1918. Las hormigas de la República Argentina. Subfamilia Ponerinas. Anales del Museo Nacional de Historia Natural de Buenos Aires 30: 1-112.
• INBio Collection (via Gbif)
• Kempf W. W. 1961. A survey of the ants of the soil fauna in Surinam (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). Studia Entomologica 4: 481-524.
• Kempf W. W. 1978. A preliminary zoogeographical analysis of a regional ant fauna in Latin America. 114. Studia Entomologica 20: 43-62.
• Kempf, W.W. 1972. Catalago abreviado das formigas da regiao Neotropical (Hym. Formicidae) Studia Entomologica 15(1-4).
• Kusnezov N. 1953. La fauna mirmecológica de Bolivia. Folia Universitaria. Cochabamba 6: 211-229.
• Kusnezov N. 1978. Hormigas argentinas: clave para su identificación. Miscelánea. Instituto Miguel Lillo 61:1-147 + 28 pl.
• Lacau S., C. Villemant, and B. Jahyny. 2008. Typhlomyrmex Mayr, 1862: un genre meconnu de petites fourmis cryptiques et predatrices (Ectatomminae: Typhlomyrmecini). Pp. 241-283 in: Jiménez, E.; Fernández, F.; Arias, T.M.; Lozano-Zambrano, F. H. (eds.) 2008. Sistemática, biogeografía y conservación de las hormigas cazadoras de Colombia. Bogotá: Instituto de Investigación de Recursos Biológicos Alexander von Humboldt, xiv + 609 pp.
• Longino J. T. L., and M. G. Branstetter. 2018. The truncated bell: an enigmatic but pervasive elevational diversity pattern in Middle American ants. Ecography 41: 1-12.
• Longino J. T., J. Coddington, and R. K. Colwell. 2002. The ant fauna of a tropical rain forest: estimating species richness three different ways. Ecology 83: 689-702.
• Longino J. et al. ADMAC project. Accessed on March 24th 2017 at https://sites.google.com/site/admacsite/
• Mann W. M. 1922. Ants from Honduras and Guatemala. Proceedings of the United States National Museum 61: 1-54.
• Menozzi C. 1927. Formiche raccolte dal Sig. H. Schmidt nei dintorni di San José di Costa Rica. Entomologische Mitteilungen. Berlin-Dahlem. 16: 266-277.
• Menozzi C. 1931. Contribuzione alla conoscenza del microgenton di Costa Rica. III. Hymenoptera - Formicidae. Bollettino del Laboratorio di Zoologia Generale e Agraria della Reale Scuola Superiore d'Agricoltura. Portici. 25: 259-274.
• Philpott, S.M., P. Bichier, R. Rice, and R. Greenberg. 2007. Field testing ecological and economic benefits of coffee certification programs. Conservation Biology 21: 975-985.
• Pires de Prado L., R. M. Feitosa, S. Pinzon Triana, J. A. Munoz Gutierrez, G. X. Rousseau, R. Alves Silva, G. M. Siqueira, C. L. Caldas dos Santos, F. Veras Silva, T. Sanches Ranzani da Silva, A. Casadei-Ferreira, R. Rosa da Silva, and J. Andrade-Silva. 2019. An overview of the ant fauna (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) of the state of Maranhao, Brazil. Pap. Avulsos Zool. 59: e20195938.
• Rosa da Silva R. 1999. Formigas (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) do oeste de Santa Catarina: historico das coletas e lista atualizada das especies do Estado de Santa Catarina. Biotemas 12(2): 75-100.
• Ryder Wilkie K.T., A. L. Mertl, and J. F. A. Traniello. 2010. Species Diversity and Distribution Patterns of the Ants of Amazonian Ecuador. PLoS ONE 5(10): e13146.doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0013146
• Salinas P. J. 2010. Catalogue of the ants of the Táchira State, Venezuela, with notes on their biodiversity, biogeography and ecology (Hymenoptera: Formicidae: Amblyioponinae, Ponerinae, Proceratiinae, Myrmicinae, Ecitoninae, Formicinae, Pseudomyrmecinae, Dolichoderinae). Boletín de la SEA 47: 315-328.
• Santschi F. 1931. Fourmis de Cuba et de Panama. Revista de Entomologia (Rio de Janeiro). 1: 265-282.
• Silva R.R., and C. R. F. Brandao. 2014. Ecosystem-Wide Morphological Structure of Leaf-Litter Ant Communities along a Tropical Latitudinal Gradient. PLoSONE 9(3): e93049. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0093049
• Silvestre R., M. F. Demetrio, and J. H. C. Delabie. 2012. Community Structure of Leaf-Litter Ants in a Neotropical Dry Forest: A Biogeographic Approach to Explain Betadiversity. Psyche doi:10.1155/2012/306925
• Suguituru S. S., D. R. de Souza, C. de Bortoli Munhae, R. Pacheco, and M. S. de Castro Morini. 2011. Diversidade e riqueza de formigas (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) em remanescentes de Mata Atlântica na Bacia Hidrográfica do Alto Tietê, SP. Biota Neotrop. 13(2): 141-152.
• Varela-Hernandez, F., M. Rocha-Ortega, W. P. MacKay, and R. W. Jones. 2016. Lista preliminar de las hormigas (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) del estado de Queretaro, Mexico. Pages 429-435 in . W. Jones., and V. Serrano-Cardenas, editors. Historia Natural de Queretaro. Universidad Autonoma de Queretaro, Mexico.
• Vittar, F. 2008. Hormigas (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) de la Mesopotamia Argentina. INSUGEO Miscelania 17(2):447-466
• Wheeler W. M. 1925. Neotropical ants in the collections of the Royal Museum of Stockholm. Arkiv för Zoologi 17A(8): 1-55.
• da Silva Araujo, M., Castro Della Lucia, T.M., DA VEIGA, Clayton E y CARDOSO DO NASCIMENTO, Ivan. 2004. Efeito da queima da palhada de cana-de-açúcar sobre comunidade de formicídeos. Ecol. austral. 14(2): 191-200.
• de Souza D. R., S. G. dos Santos, C. de B. Munhae, and M. S. de C. Morini. 2012. Diversity of Epigeal Ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) in Urban Areas of Alto Tietê. Sociobiology 59(3): 703-117.