https://antwiki.org/wiki/api.php?action=feedcontributions&user=SShattuck&feedformat=atomAntWiki - User contributions [en]2024-03-29T08:07:57ZUser contributionsMediaWiki 1.39.3https://antwiki.org/wiki/index.php?title=Fossil_Ants&diff=709249Fossil Ants2024-03-28T06:11:53Z<p>SShattuck: </p>
<hr />
<div>Fossil ants include both specimens fossilised in shale or other stone (compression fossils) and ants embedded in Amber. Copal is a general term that refers to non-fossilised resin material whatever its geological age. Copal older than Holocene is referred to as fossil copal. <br />
<br />
The geologic age of the deposits are important in understanding the evolution of ants as well as their extinction and the distribution of ants worldwide. In some cases the surrounding vegetation and insects that are preserved along with the ants allows a partial reconstruction of the habitat and in some cases the microhabitat as well.<br />
<br />
Winged and worker ants were much larger in times past so that some ant specimens are still identifiable as ants when found in stone. Specimens preserved in amber are in much better condition allowing for a more reliable identification.<br />
__TOC__<br />
{{Photo Gallery<br />
|name1=Gerontoformica cretacica.jpg<br />
|comment1=One of the earliest known ants, ''[[Gerontoformica cretacica]]'', from [[Charentese Amber|Charentese amber]], Aquitaine Basin, France. It belongs to the subfamily Specomyrminae, the most primitive group of true ants.<br />
|size1=500px<br />
|name2=Azteca alphaD.jpg<br />
|comment2= ''[[Azteca alpha]]'' from [[Dominican Amber|Dominican Republic Amber]].<br />
|size2=500px<br />
|name3=Baltic amber inclusions - Ant (Hymenoptera, Formicidae)10.JPG<br />
|comment3=An inclusion from [[Baltic Amber|Baltic amber]].<br />
|size3=500px<br />
|name4=Protoazteca-elongataF.jpg<br />
|comment4=''[[Protazteca elongata]]'', based on an impression fossil.<br />
|size4=500px<br />
}}<br />
<br />
==Amber - Fossil Resins==<br />
A few plant resins have the ability to fossilize and insects trapped and embeded in this matrix are known as amber fossils. Resin that is older than one million years are designated as amber and younger aged resins are known as copal.<br />
<br />
Amber is often designated by the type of plant exudate or given a mineral name. Ant fossils are most often named for its geographical origin; Dominican amber, Mexican amber, Baltic amber, Saxonian amber, Rovno amber, Spanish amber, Lebanese amber, etc.<br />
<br />
==Copal==<br />
Subfossil resins or Copal can be Carbon-14 dated so that the resin sold as "amber" in Madagascar by gem dealers is approximately 50 years old. The Copal from Colombia has been dated as 250 years old.<br />
<br />
==[[Ichnofossils]]==<br />
Trace fossils of ant nests. The evidence for these fossils representing preserved ant nest structures are based on interpretation of various elements of the ichnofossils that are analogous to modern day ant nests.<br />
<br />
==Fossil Taxa==<br />
*[[:Category:Extinct_subfamily|Subfamilies]]<br />
*[[:Category:Extinct_genus|Genera]]<br />
*[[:Category:Extinct_species|Species]]<br />
*[[:Category:Fossil|All fossils]] (subfamilies, genera and species)<br />
<br />
==Geologic Time Zones Containing Ants==<br />
*[[Pliocene]] - About 5.333 to 3.6 million years ago.<br />
*[[Miocene]] - About 23.03 to 5.332 million years ago.<br />
*[[Oligocene]] - About 34 million to 23 million years before the present.<br />
*[[Eocene]] - Lasted approximately from 56 to 34 million years ago.<br />
*[[Paleocene]] - Lasted from about 65.5 to 56 million years ago.<br />
*[[Cretaceous]] - From circa 145.5 to 65.5 million years ago.<br />
<br />
==Taxa by Geologic Time Zones==<br />
{| class="wikitable collapsible" style="clear:both;margin:0; font-size:95%"<br />
! Era<br />
! Period<br />
! Epoch<br />
! Age<br />
! Start, million years age<br />
! style="width: 15%"| Formations<br />
! Taxa<br />
|-<br />
|rowspan="24" style="background:{{period color|Cenozoic}}"| Cenozoic<br />
|rowspan="7" style="background:{{period color|Quaternary}}"| Quaternary<br />
|rowspan="3" style="background:{{period color|Holocene}}"| Holocene<br />
|style="background:#fcf0f2"|Meghalayan<br />
|style="background:#fcf0f2"| {{Period start|meghalayan}}<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|style="background:#fcf0e8"| Northgrippian<br />
|style="background:#fcf0e8"| {{Period start|northgrippian}}<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|style="background:#fcf0de"| Greenlandian<br />
|style="background:#fcf0de"| {{Period start|greenlandian}}<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|rowspan="4" style="background:{{period color|Pleistocene}}"| Pleistocene<br />
|style="background:{{period color|Upper Pleistocene}}"| Late ''('Tarantian')''<br />
|style="background:{{period color|upper Pleistocene}}"| {{Period start|Late pleistocene}}<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|style="background:{{period color|Middle Pleistocene}}"| Chibanian<br />
|style="background:{{period color|Middle Pleistocene}}"| {{Period start|middle pleistocene}}<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|style="background:{{period color|Calabrian}}"| Calabrian<br />
|style="background:{{period color|Calabrian}}"| {{Period start|calabrian}}<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|style="background:{{period color|Gelasian}}"| Gelasian<br />
|style="background:{{period color|Gelasian}}"| {{Period start|gelasian}}<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|rowspan="8" style="background:{{period color|Neogene}}"| Neogene<br />
|rowspan="2" style="background:{{period color|Pliocene}}"| [[Pliocene]]<br />
|style="background:{{period color|Piacenzian}}"| Piacenzian<br />
|style="background:{{period color|Piacenzian}}"| {{Period start|piacenzian}}<br />
|{{FossilFormationsForAgeRange|3.6|.6}}<br />
|{{FossilSpeciesForAgeRange|3.6|.6}}<br />
|-<br />
|style="background:{{period color|Zanclean}}"| Zanclean<br />
|style="background:{{period color|Zanclean}}"| {{Period start|zanclean}}<br />
|{{FossilFormationsForAgeRange|5.32|3.6}}<br />
|{{FossilSpeciesForAgeRange|5.32|3.6}}<br />
|-<br />
|rowspan="6" style="background:{{period color|Miocene}}"| [[Miocene]]<br />
|style="background:{{period color|Messinian}}"| Messinian<br />
|style="background:{{period color|Messinian}}"| {{Period start|messinian}}<br />
|{{FossilFormationsForAgeRange|7.3|5.3}}<br />
|{{FossilSpeciesForAgeRange|7.3|5.3}}<br />
|-<br />
|style="background:{{period color|Tortonian}}"| Tortonian<br />
|style="background:{{period color|Tortonian}}"| {{Period start|tortonian}}<br />
|{{FossilFormationsForAgeRange|11.7|7.2}}<br />
|{{FossilSpeciesForAgeRange|11.7|7.2}}<br />
|-<br />
|style="background:{{period color|Serravallian}}"| Serravallian<br />
|style="background:{{period color|Serravallian}}"| {{Period start|serravallian}}<br />
|{{FossilFormationsForAgeRange|13.9|11.6}}<br />
|{{FossilSpeciesForAgeRange|13.9|11.6}}<br />
|-<br />
|style="background:{{period color|Langhian}}"| Langhian<br />
|style="background:{{period color|Langhian}}"| {{Period start|langhian}}<br />
|{{FossilFormationsForAgeRange|16.1|13.8}}<br />
|{{FossilSpeciesForAgeRange|16.1|13.8}}<br />
|-<br />
|style="background:{{period color|Burdigalian}}"| Burdigalian<br />
|style="background:{{period color|Burdigalian}}"| {{Period start|burdigalian}}<br />
|{{FossilFormationsForAgeRange|20.5|15.97}}<br />
|{{FossilSpeciesForAgeRange|20.5|15.97}}<br />
|-<br />
|style="background:{{period color|Aquitanian}}"| Aquitanian<br />
|style="background:{{period color|Aquitanian}}"| {{Period start|aquitanian}}<br />
|{{FossilFormationsForAgeRange|23.1|20.44}}<br />
|{{FossilSpeciesForAgeRange|23.1|20.44}}<br />
|-<br />
|rowspan="9" style="background:{{period color|Paleogene}}"| Paleogene<br />
|rowspan="2" style="background:{{period color|Oligocene}}"| [[Oligocene]]<br />
|style="background:{{period color|Chattian}}"| Chattian<br />
|style="background:{{period color|Chattian}}"| {{Period start|chattian}}<br />
|{{FossilFormationsForAgeRange|28.2|23}}<br />
|{{FossilSpeciesForAgeRange|28.2|23}}<br />
|-<br />
|style="background:{{period color|Rupelian}}"| Rupelian<br />
|style="background:{{period color|Rupelian}}"| {{Period start|rupelian}}<br />
|{{FossilFormationsForAgeRange|34|28.1}}<br />
|{{FossilSpeciesForAgeRange|34|28.1}}<br />
|-<br />
|rowspan="4" style="background:{{period color|Eocene}}"| [[Eocene]]<br />
|style="background:{{period color|Priabonian}}"| Priabonian<br />
|style="background:{{period color|Priabonian}}"| {{Period start|priabonian}}<br />
|{{FossilFormationsForAgeRange|37.9|33.9}}<br />
|{{FossilSpeciesForAgeRange|37.9|33.9}}<br />
|-<br />
|style="background:{{period color|Bartonian}}"| Bartonian<br />
|style="background:{{period color|Bartonian}}"| {{Period start|bartonian}}<br />
|{{FossilFormationsForAgeRange|41.3|37.8}}<br />
|{{FossilSpeciesForAgeRange|41.3|37.8}}<br />
|-<br />
|style="background:{{period color|Lutetian}}"| Lutetian<br />
|style="background:{{period color|Lutetian}}"| {{Period start|lutetian}}<br />
|{{FossilFormationsForAgeRange|47.9|41.2}}<br />
|{{FossilSpeciesForAgeRange|47.9|41.2}}<br />
|-<br />
|style="background:{{period color|Ypresian}}"| Ypresian<br />
|style="background:{{period color|Ypresian}}"| {{Period start|ypresian}}<br />
|{{FossilFormationsForAgeRange|56.1|47.8}}<br />
|{{FossilSpeciesForAgeRange|56.1|47.8}}<br />
|-<br />
|rowspan="3" style="background:{{period color|Paleocene}}"| [[Paleocene]]<br />
|style="background:{{period color|Thanetian}}"| Thanetian<br />
|style="background:{{period color|Thanetian}}"| {{Period start|thanetian}}<br />
|{{FossilFormationsForAgeRange|59.3|56}}<br />
|{{FossilSpeciesForAgeRange|59.3|56}}<br />
|-<br />
|style="background:{{period color|Selandian}}"| Selandian<br />
|style="background:{{period color|Selandian}}"| {{Period start|selandian}}<br />
|{{FossilFormationsForAgeRange|61.7|59.2}}<br />
|{{FossilSpeciesForAgeRange|61.7|59.2}}<br />
|-<br />
|style="background:{{period color|Danian}}"| Danian<br />
|style="background:{{period color|Danian}}"| {{Period start|danian}}<br />
|{{FossilFormationsForAgeRange|66.1|61.6}}<br />
|{{FossilSpeciesForAgeRange|66.1|61.6}}<br />
|-<br />
|rowspan="12" style="background:{{period color|Mesozoic}}"| Mesozoic<br />
|rowspan="12" style="background:{{period color|Cretaceous}}" | [[Cretaceous]]<br />
|rowspan="6" style="background:{{period color|Late Cretaceous}}"| Late<br />
|style="background:{{period color|Maastrichtian}}"| Maastrichtian<br />
|style="background:{{period color|Maastrichtian}}"| {{Period start|maastrichtian}} ±&nbsp;0.2<br />
|{{FossilFormationsForAgeRange|72.2|66}}<br />
|{{FossilSpeciesForAgeRange|72.2|66}}<br />
|-<br />
|style="background:{{period color|Campanian}}"| Campanian<br />
|style="background:{{period color|Campanian}}"| {{Period start|campanian}} ±&nbsp;0.2<br />
|{{FossilFormationsForAgeRange|83.7|72.1}}<br />
|{{FossilSpeciesForAgeRange|83.7|72.1}}<br />
|-<br />
|style="background:{{period color|Santonian}}"| Santonian<br />
|style="background:{{period color|Santonian}}"| {{Period start|santonian}} ±&nbsp;0.5<br />
|{{FossilFormationsForAgeRange|86.4|83.6}}<br />
|{{FossilSpeciesForAgeRange|86.4|83.6}}<br />
|-<br />
|style="background:{{period color|Coniacian}}"| Coniacian<br />
|style="background:{{period color|Coniacian}}"| {{Period start|coniacian}} ±&nbsp;0.3<br />
|{{FossilFormationsForAgeRange|89.9|86.3}}<br />
|{{FossilSpeciesForAgeRange|89.9|86.3}}<br />
|-<br />
|style="background:{{period color|Turonian}}"| Turonian<br />
|style="background:{{period color|Turonian}}"| {{Period start|turonian}}<br />
|{{FossilFormationsForAgeRange|94|89.9}}<br />
|{{FossilSpeciesForAgeRange|94|89.8}}<br />
|-<br />
|style="background:{{period color|Cenomanian}}"| Cenomanian<br />
|style="background:{{period color|Cenomanian}}"| {{Period start|cenomanian}}<br />
|{{FossilFormationsForAgeRange|100.6|93.9}}<br />
|{{FossilSpeciesForAgeRange|100.6|93.9}}<br />
|-<br />
|rowspan="6" style="background:{{period color|Early Cretaceous}}"| Early<br />
|style="background:{{period color|Albian}}"| Albian<br />
|style="background:{{period color|Albian}}"| ~{{Period start|albian}}<br />
|{{FossilFormationsForAgeRange|113.1|100.5}}<br />
|{{FossilSpeciesForAgeRange|113.1|100.5}}<br />
|-<br />
|style="background:{{period color|Aptian}}"| Aptian<br />
|style="background:{{period color|Aptian}}"| ~{{Period start|aptian}}<br />
|{{FossilFormationsForAgeRange|125.1|113}}<br />
|{{FossilSpeciesForAgeRange|125.1|113}}<br />
|-<br />
|style="background:{{period color|Barremian}}"| Barremian<br />
|style="background:{{period color|Barremian}}"| ~{{Period start|barremian}}<br />
|{{FossilFormationsForAgeRange|129.5|125}}<br />
|{{FossilSpeciesForAgeRange|129.5|125}}<br />
|-<br />
|style="background:{{period color|Hauterivian}}"| Hauterivian<br />
|style="background:{{period color|Hauterivian}}"| ~{{Period start|hauterivian}}<br />
|{{FossilFormationsForAgeRange|133|129.4}}<br />
|{{FossilSpeciesForAgeRange|133|129.4}}<br />
|-<br />
|style="background:{{period color|Valanginian}}"| Valanginian<br />
|style="background:{{period color|Valanginian}}"| ~{{Period start|valanginian}}<br />
|{{FossilFormationsForAgeRange|140|132.9}}<br />
|{{FossilSpeciesForAgeRange|140|132.9}}<br />
|-<br />
|style="background:{{period color|Berriasian}}"| Berriasian<br />
|style="background:{{period color|Berriasian}}"| ~{{Period start|berriasian}}<br />
|{{FossilFormationsForAgeRange|145.1|139.8}}<br />
|{{FossilSpeciesForAgeRange|145.1|139.8}}<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
<br />
==Subfamily-level Phylogeny with Fossil Occurrences==<br />
{{Photo Gallery<br />
|noheading=yes<br />
|name1=Barden 2017, Fig. 3.jpg<br />
|comment1=A dated subfamily-level phylogeny with first confident fossil occurrences for each lineage, last occurrences indicated for extinct lineages. Fossil deposit numbers correspond with Table 2, Figure 4, and Figure 5. Tree topology as well as crown and divergence dates from MOREAU & BELL (2013), which is so far the largest Formicidae-wide analysis with respect to taxon sampling. No crown age included for Aneuretinae, Martialis, and Paraponerinae as these are monotypic. Agroecomyrmecinae includes no crown age due to insufficient terminal sampling. Lineages with dotted lines were not placed directly through analyses, but rather added to the molecule-derived topology of Moreau & Bell, which did not include fossils. Stem ants and Brownimecia were placed according to conservative results of BARDEN & GRIMALDI (2016) – Note that while Sphecomyrminae and stem group ants are depicted on a single lineage, this group is not necessarily monophyletic. Formiciinae placement is based on WARD (2007), although this position was not recovered in the only two phylogenetic treatments of the subfamily (BARONI URBANI & al. 1992, GRIMALDI & al. 1997), it seems plausible to this author (Barden, 2017, Fig. 3).<br />
|size1=1103px<br />
}}<br />
<br />
==Fossil Formations Known to Contain Ants==<br />
{{#cargo_query:<br />
tables=FossilFormation, FossilOccurrence, TaxonName<br />
|join on=FossilFormation.Formation=FossilOccurrence.Formation, FossilOccurrence._pageName=TaxonName._pageName<br />
|fields= CONCAT("[[", FossilFormation._pageName, "]]")=Formation, count(TaxonName.Species)=No. of Species, FossilFormation.Start=Start Age, FossilFormation.End=End Age, FossilFormation.Period, FossilFormation.Epoch, FossilFormation.Age, FossilFormation.Locality, FossilFormation.Country, FossilFormation.Coordinates, FossilFormation.Paleocoordinates, FossilFormation.Source, FossilFormation.Notes<br />
|where=TaxonName.Species <> ""<br />
|order by=FossilFormation._pageName<br />
|group by=FossilOccurrence.Formation<br />
}}<br />
<br />
==References==<br />
*[[Media:Barden, P. 2017. Fossil ants ancient diversity and the rise of modern lineages.pdf|Barden, P. 2017. Fossil ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae): ancient diversity and the rise of modern lineages. Myrmecological News 24: 1-30.]]<br />
*Bjorn Berning & Sigitas Podenas 2009. Amber: Archive of Deep Time. Denisia 26, zugleich Kataloge de Oberösterreichischen Landesmuseen N.S. 86. 294 pages.<br />
*DuBois, M. B.; LaPolla, J. S. 1999. A preliminary review of Colombian ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) preserved in copal. Entomol. News 110: 162-172<br />
*Grimaldi, D. and M. S. Engel, Evolution of the Insects Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 2005, xv+755 pp<br />
*Krynicki, V. E. 2013. Primitive ants (Hymenoptera: Sphecomyrminae) in the Campanian (Late Cretaceous) of North Carolina (USA). Life: The Excitement of Biology 1:156-165.<br />
*[[Media:LaPolla et al. - 2013 - Ants and the fossil record.pdf|LaPolla, J. S.; Dlussky, G. M.; Perrichot, V. 2013. Ants and the fossil record. Annual Review of Entomology 58:609-630.]]<br />
*[[Media:LaPolla, J.S., Greenwlalt, D.E. 2015. Fossil ants of the Middle Eocene Kishenehn Formation.pdf|LaPolla, J.S., Greenwalt, D.E. 2015. Fossil Ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) of the Middle Eocene Kishenehn Formation. Sociobiology. 62: 163-174]] ({{doi|10.13102/sociobiology.v62i2.163-174}}).<br />
*[[Media:Loewen, E.J.T., Balkwill, M.A. et al. 2024. New Canadian amber deposit fills gap in fossil record (10.1016@j.cub.2024.03.001).pdf|Loewen, E.J.T., Balkwill, M.A., Mattioli, J., Cockx, P., Caicedo, M.V., Muehlenbachs, K., Tappert, R., Borkent, A., Libke, C., Engel, M.S., Somers, C., McKellar, R.C. 2024. New Canadian amber deposit fills gap in fossil record near end-Cretaceous mass extinction. Current Biology]] ({{doi|10.1016/j.cub.2024.03.001}}).<br />
*Schmidt AR, Perrichot V, Svojtka M, Anderson KB, Belete KH, Bussert R, Dörfelt H, Jancke S, Mohr B, Mohrmann E, Nascimbene PC, Nel A, Nel P, Ragazzi E, Roghi G, Saupe EE, Schmidt K, Schneider H, Selden PA, Vávra N. 2010. Cretaceous African life captured in amber. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 20;107(16): 7329-7334.<br />
*[[Media:Takahashi, Y., Aiba, H. 2023. Winged formicine ant fossils from the Chibanian (Middle Pleistocene) Shiobara Group, Tochigi Prefecture, Japan (10.5575@geosoc.2023.0023).pdf|Takahashi, Y., Aiba, H. 2023. Winged formicine ant fossils (Hymenoptera, Formicidae) from the Chibanian (Middle Pleistocene) Shiobara Group, Tochigi Prefecture, Japan. The Journal of the Geological Society of Japan 1291, 573–578]] ({{doi|10.5575/geosoc.2023.0023}}).<br />
*Wilson, E. O.; Carpenter, F. M.; Brown, W. L., Jr. 1967a. The first Mesozoic ants, with the description of a new subfamily. Psyche (Camb.) 74: 1-19.<br />
<br />
{{AWNavboxFossils}}</div>SShattuckhttps://antwiki.org/wiki/index.php?title=File:Loewen,_E.J.T.,_Balkwill,_M.A._et_al._2024._New_Canadian_amber_deposit_fills_gap_in_fossil_record_(10.1016@j.cub.2024.03.001).pdf&diff=709248File:Loewen, E.J.T., Balkwill, M.A. et al. 2024. New Canadian amber deposit fills gap in fossil record (10.1016@j.cub.2024.03.001).pdf2024-03-28T06:09:34Z<p>SShattuck: Loewen, E.J.T., Balkwill, M.A., Mattioli, J., Cockx, P., Caicedo, M.V., Muehlenbachs, K., Tappert, R., Borkent, A., Libke, C., Engel, M.S., Somers, C., McKellar, R.C. 2024. New Canadian amber deposit fills gap in fossil record near end-Cretaceous mass extinction. Current Biology ({{doi|10.1016/j.cub.2024.03.001}}).</p>
<hr />
<div>Loewen, E.J.T., Balkwill, M.A., Mattioli, J., Cockx, P., Caicedo, M.V., Muehlenbachs, K., Tappert, R., Borkent, A., Libke, C., Engel, M.S., Somers, C., McKellar, R.C. 2024. New Canadian amber deposit fills gap in fossil record near end-Cretaceous mass extinction. Current Biology ({{doi|10.1016/j.cub.2024.03.001}}).</div>SShattuckhttps://antwiki.org/wiki/index.php?title=Cambodia&diff=709247Cambodia2024-03-28T05:56:43Z<p>SShattuck: </p>
<hr />
<div>{{BackToTop}}<br />
{{Infobox RegionalTaxonListStats<br />
|name = Cambodia<br />
|image = [[File:LocationCambodia.png|thumb|center]]<br />
||region = [[:Category:Asia|Asia]]<br />
||subregion = [[:Category:South-Eastern Asia|South-Eastern Asia]]<br />
||bioregion = [[:Category:Oriental Region|Oriental Region]]<br />
|subfamilies = 9<br />
|genera = 54<br />
|endemic_genera = 0<br />
|percent_endemic_genera = 0.0%<br />
|species_subspecies = 111<br />
|endemic_species = 23<br />
|percent_endemic_species = 20.7%<br />
|introduced = 0<br />
|fossil =<br />
}}<br />
<div style="float:right; margin: 10px;">__TOC__</div><br />
<br />
The following 50 genera and 90 valid species and subspecies of ants are known to occur in Cambodia. Unidentified and undescribed species will be added to this list as identifications are verified and taxonomic revisions are published. This species list is based upon the effort of many ant collectors as well as myrmecologists who have published on the taxonomy of Cambodian ants. Those who have specimen records that expand this list are encouraged to submit this information in the discussion section of the Cambodian Ants web page.<br />
<br />
==''[[Acropyga]]''==<br />
*''[[Acropyga]]'' species 1<br />
<br />
==''[[Aenictus]]''==<br />
*''[[Aenictus changmaianus]]'' Terayama & Kubota, 1993<br />
<gallery perrow=4><br />
File:Aenictus_changmaianus_head_(www.niaes.affrc.go.jp).jpg<br />
File:Aenictus_changmaianus_side_(www.niaes.affrc.go.jp).jpg<br />
File:Aenictus_changmaianus_top_(www.niaes.affrc.go.jp).jpg<br />
File:Aenictus_changmaianus_labels_(www.niaes.affrc.go.jp).jpg<br />
</gallery><br />
<br />
*''[[Aenictus fuchuanensis]]'' Zhou, 2001<br />
<br />
*''[[Aenictus hodgsoni]]'' Forel, 1901<br />
<gallery perrow=4><br />
File:MCZ Aenictus hodgsoni hef6 3.jpg<br />
File:MCZ Aenictus hodgsoni hal3 2.jpg<br />
File:MCZ Aenictus hodgsoni had3 2.jpg<br />
File:MCZ Aenictus hodgsoni lbs.jpg<br />
</gallery><br />
<br />
==''[[Anochetus]]''==<br />
*''[[Anochetus graeffei]]'' Mayr,<br />
<gallery perrow=4><br />
File:MCZ Anochetus Cam species1 hef2-5.jpg<br />
File:MCZ Anochetus Cam species1 hal2.jpg<br />
File:MCZ Anochetus Cam species1 had2.jpg<br />
File:MCZ Anochetus Cam species1 lbs.JPG<br />
</gallery><br />
<br />
==''[[Anoplolepis]]''==<br />
*''[[Anoplolepis gracilipes]]'' (Smith, F., )<br />
<br />
==''[[Brachyponera]]''==<br />
*''[[Brachyponera chinensis]]'' (Emery, )<br />
<br />
==''[[Calyptomyrmex]]''==<br />
*''[[Calyptomyrmex rectopilosus]]'' Dlussky & Radchenko, 1990<br />
<br />
==''[[Camponotus]]''==<br />
*''[[Camponotus javaensis]]'' Ward, Blaimer & Fisher, 2016<br />
*''[[Camponotus rufoglaucus]]'' (Jerdon, )<br />
*''[[Camponotus]]'' species 1<br />
<gallery perrow=4><br />
File:MCZ Camponotus Cam sp1 hef1-6.jpg<br />
File:MCZ Camponotus Cam sp1 hal1-6.jpg<br />
File:MCZ Camponotus Cam sp1 had1-6.jpg<br />
File:MCZ Camponotus Cam sp lbs.jpg<br />
</gallery><br />
*''[[Camponotus]]'' species 2<br />
<gallery perrow=4><br />
File:MCZ Camponotus Cam sp2M hef2.jpg| Major<br />
File:MCZ Camponotus Cam sp2M hal1 25.jpg<br />
File:MCZ Camponotus Cam sp2M had1 25.jpg<br />
File:MCZ Camponotus Cam sp2M lbs.jpg<br />
File:MCZ Camponotus Cam sp2 hef3 2.jpg| Minor<br />
File:MCZ Camponotus Cam sp2 hal1 6.jpg<br />
File:MCZ Camponotus Cam sp2 had1 6.jpg<br />
File:MCZ Camponotus Cam sp2 lbs.jpg<br />
</gallery><br />
*''[[Camponotus]]'' species 3<br />
<gallery perrow=4><br />
File:MCZ Camponotus Cam-sp3 hef4.jpg<br />
File:MCZ Camponotus Cam-sp3 hal2.jpg<br />
File:MCZ Camponotus Cam-sp3 had2.jpg<br />
File:MCZ Camponotus Cam-sp3 lbs.jpg<br />
</gallery><br />
*''[[Camponotus]]'' species 4<br />
<gallery perrow=4><br />
File:MCZ Camponotus Cam sp4 hef2 5.jpg<br />
File:MCZ Camponotus Cam sp4 hal1 25.jpg<br />
File:MCZ Camponotus Cam sp4 had1 25.jpg<br />
File:MCZ Camponotus Cam sp4 lbs.jpg<br />
</gallery><br />
*''[[Camponotus]]'' species 5<br />
<br />
==''[[Cardiocondyla]]''==<br />
*''[[Cardiocondyla wroughtonii]]'' (Forel, )<br />
<br />
==''[[Carebara]]''==<br />
*''[[Carebara bokorensis]]'' Matsuura & Hosoishi, 2024<br />
*''[[Carebara colobopsis]]'' Hosoishi & Yamane, 2022<br />
*''[[Carebara diversa]]'' (Jerdon)<br />
<gallery perrow=4><br />
File:MCZ Carebara diversa hef major.jpg<br />
File:MCZ Carebara diversa hal.jpg<br />
File:MCZ Carebara diversa had.jpg<br />
File:MCZ Carebara diversa lbs.jpg<br />
</gallery><br />
<br />
==''[[Cataulacus]]''==<br />
*''[[Cataulacus granulatus]]'' Latreille, 1802<br />
<gallery><br />
File:MCZ Cataulacus granulatus hef5.jpg<br />
File:MCZ Cataulacus granulatus hal3 2.jpg<br />
File:MCZ Cataulacus granulatus had3 2.jpg<br />
File:MCZ Cataulacus granulatus lbs.JPG<br />
</gallery><br />
<br />
==''[[Centromyrmex]]''==<br />
*''[[Centromyrmex feae]]'' (Emery, 1889)<br />
<gallery><br />
File:Centromyrmex feae sam-hym-c007974b head 1.jpg|Head view<br />
File:Centromyrmex feae sam-hym-c007974b profile 1.jpg|Side view<br />
File:Centromyrmex feae sam-hym-c007974b dorsal 1.jpg|Top view<br />
</gallery><br />
<br />
==''[[Crematogaster]]''==<br />
*''[[Crematogaster aurita]]'' Karavaiev, 1935 <br />
<gallery perrow=4><br />
File:Crematogaster-aurita-frontal-am-lg.jpg<br />
File:Crematogaster-aurita-lateral-am-lg.jpg<br />
File:Crematogaster-aurita-am-lg.jpg<br />
File:Crematogaster-aurita-label-am n 0.jpg<br />
</gallery><br />
*''[[Crematogaster chhangi]]'' Hosoishi & Ogata, 2014<br />
*''[[Crematogaster cylindriceps]]''<br />
*''[[Crematogaster dubia]]'' Karavaiev, 1935 <br />
*''[[Crematogaster ferrarii]]'' Emery, <br />
*''[[Crematogaster indosinensis]]'' Hosoishi & Ogata, 2016<br />
*''[[Crematogaster khmerensis]]'' Hosoishi & Ogata, 2017<br />
*''[[Crematogaster ledouxi]]'' Soulie, 1961 <br />
*''[[Crematogaster monocula]]'' Hosoishi, 2019<br />
*''[[Crematogaster quadriruga]]'' Forel, 1911<br />
*''[[Crematogaster rothneyi]]'' <br />
*''[[Crematogaster skounensis]]'' Soulie, 1961 <br />
*''[[Crematogaster treubi]]'' Emery, 1896<br />
<gallery><br />
File:Crematogaster_treubi__casent0193783_h_1_high.jpg<br />
File:Crematogaster_treubi__casent0193783_p_1_high.jpg<br />
File:Crematogaster_treubi__casent0193783_d_1_high.jpg<br />
File:Crematogaster_treubi__casent0193783_l_1_high.jpg<br />
</gallery><br />
*''[[Crematogaster vandeli]]'' Soulie, 1961<br />
*''[[Crematogaster yaharai]]'' Hosoishi & Ogata, 2019<br />
*''[[Crematogaster]]'' species 1<br />
<gallery><br />
File:MCZ Crematogaster Cam hef5.jpg<br />
File:MCZ Crematogaster Cam hal2 5.jpg<br />
File:MCZ Crematogaster Cam had2 5.jpg<br />
File:MCZ Crematogaster Cam lbs.jpg<br />
</gallery><br />
<br />
==''[[Diacamma]]''==<br />
*''[[Diacamma]]'' species 1<br />
<gallery><br />
File:MCZ Diacamma Cam sp1 hef2.jpg<br />
File:MCZ Diacamma Cam sp1 25.jpg<br />
File:MCZ Diacamma Cam sp1 25 (2).jpg<br />
File:MCZ Diacamma Cam sp1 lbs.jpg<br />
</gallery><br />
<br />
==''[[Discothyrea]]''==<br />
*''[[Discothyrea]]'' species<br />
<br />
==''[[Dolichoderus]]''==<br />
*''[[Dolichoderus thoracicus]]'' (Smith, F. 1860)<br />
<gallery perrow=4><br />
File:MCZ Dolichoderus thoracicus hef6 3.jpg<br />
File:MCZ Dolichoderus thoracicus hal3 2.jpg<br />
File:MCZ Dolichoderus thoracicus had3 2.jpg<br />
File:MCZ Dolichoderus thoracicus lbs.jpg<br />
</gallery><br />
<br />
*''[[Dolichoderus thoracicus lacciperdus]]'' Santschi, 1925<br />
<br />
*''[[Dolichoderus thoracicus nasutus]]'' Karavaiev, 1935<br />
<br />
*''[[Dolichoderus]]'' species 1<br />
<gallery perrow=4><br />
File:MCZ Dolichoderus Cam sp1 hef5.jpg<br />
File:MCZ Dolichoderus Cam sp1 hal3 2.jpg<br />
File:MCZ Dolichoderus Cam sp1 had3 2.jpg<br />
File:MCZ Dolichoderus Cam sp1 lbs.jpg<br />
</gallery><br />
<br />
*''[[Dolichoderus]]'' species 2<br />
<gallery perrow=4><br />
File:MCZ Dolichoderus Cam sp2 hef6 3.jpg<br />
File:MCZ Dolichoderus Cam sp2 hal4.jpg<br />
File:MCZ Dolichoderus Cam sp2 had4.jpg<br />
File:MCZ Dolichoderus Cam sp2 lbs.jpg<br />
</gallery><br />
<br />
==''[[Echinopla]]''==<br />
*''[[Echinopla]]'' species<br />
<br />
==''[[Ectomomyrmex]]''==<br />
*''[[Ectomomyrmex javanus]]'' Mayr, 1867<br />
<br />
==''[[Gesomyrmex]]''==<br />
*''[[Gesomyrmex chaperi]]'' André, 1892<br />
<gallery><br />
File:Gesomyrmex-chaperiH.jpg<br />
File:Gesomyrmex-luzonensisLM4.jpg<br />
File:Gesomyrmex luzonensis, worker, head.jpg<br />
File:Gesomyrmex-tobiasi48Label.jpg|<br />
</gallery><br />
<br />
==''[[Harpegnathos]]''==<br />
*''[[Harpegnathos]]'' species<br />
<br />
==''[[Hypoponera]]''==<br />
*''[[Hypoponera]]'' species<br />
<br />
==''[[Iridomyrmex]]''==<br />
*''[[Iridomyrmex anceps]]''<br />
<br />
==''[[Leptogenys]]''==<br />
*''[[Leptogenys birmana]]'' (Smith, F., 1857)<br />
<gallery perrow=4><br />
File:MCZ Leptogenys iridescens hef5.jpg<br />
File:MCZ Leptogenys iridescens hal1 6.jpg<br />
File:MCZ Leptogenys iridescens had1 6.jpg<br />
File:MCZ Leptogenys iridescens lbs.jpg<br />
</gallery><br />
<br />
*''[[Leptogenys cyanicatena]]'' Arimoto and Yamane, 2018<br />
<br />
*''[[Leptogenys kraepelini]]'' Forel, 1905<br />
<gallery perrow=4><br />
File:MCZ Leptogenys kraepelini hef2 5.jpg<br />
File:MCZ Leptogenys kraepelini hal1.jpg<br />
File:MCZ Leptogenys kraepelini had1.jpg<br />
File:MCZ Leptogenys kraepelini lbs.jpg<br />
</gallery><br />
<br />
*''[[Leptogenys lucidula]]'' <br />
<gallery perrow=4><br />
File:MCZ Leptogenys Cam sp1 hef5.jpg<br />
File:MCZ Leptogenys Cam sp1 hal2 5.jpg<br />
File:MCZ Leptogenys Cam sp1 had2 5.jpg<br />
File:MCZ Leptogenys Cam sp1 lbs.jpg<br />
</gallery><br />
<br />
*''[[Leptogenys punctiventris]]'' <br />
<gallery><br />
File:MCZ Leptogenys punctiventris hef5.jpg<br />
File:MCZ Leptogenys punctiventris hal1 6.jpg<br />
File:MCZ Leptogenys punctiventris had1 6.jpg<br />
File:MCZ Polyrhachis armata lbs.jpg<br />
</gallery><br />
<br />
*''[[Leptogenys]]'' species<br />
<br />
==''[[Lioponera]]''==<br />
*''[[Lioponera suscitata]]'' <br />
<br />
==''[[Meranoplus]]''==<br />
*''[[Meranoplus bicolor]]'' (Guérin-Méneville, 1844)<br />
<gallery perrow=4><br />
File:MCZ Meranoplus bicolor hef6 3.jpg<br />
File:MCZ Meranoplus bicolor hal3 2.jpg<br />
File:MCZ Meranoplus bicolor had5.jpg<br />
File:MCZ Meranoplus bicolor lbs.jpg<br />
</gallery><br />
<br />
==''[[Monomorium]]''==<br />
*''[[Monomorium floricola]]''<br />
*''[[Monomorium pharaonis]]'' (Linnaeus, )<br />
<br />
==''[[Myopopone]]''==<br />
*''[[Myopopone castanea]]'' (Smith, 1860)<br />
<br />
==''[[Myrmecina]]''==<br />
*''[[Myrmecina]]'' species 1<br />
<br />
==''[[Myrmoteras]]''==<br />
*''[[Myrmoteras]]'' sp_cam1 new species<br />
<br />
==''[[Nylanderia]]''==<br />
*''[[Nylanderia]]'' species<br />
<br />
==''[[Ochetellus]]''==<br />
*''[[Ochetellus glaber]]''<br />
<br />
==''[[Odontomachus]]''==<br />
*''[[Odontomachus rixosus]]'' Smith, F., 1857<br />
<gallery perrow=4><br />
File:MCZ Odontomachus rixosus hef1 6.jpg<br />
File:MCZ Odontomachus rixosus hal1 25.jpg<br />
File:MCZ Odontomachus rixosus had1 25.jpg<br />
File:MCZ Odontomachus rixosus lbs.jpg<br />
</gallery><br />
<br />
*''[[Odontomachus simillimus]]'' Smith, F., 1858<br />
<gallery perrow=4><br />
File:MCZ Camponotus simillimus hef2.jpg<br />
File:MCZ Camponotus simillimus hal1 6.jpg<br />
File:MCZ Camponotus simillimus had1 6.jpg<br />
File:MCZ Camponotus simillimus lbs.jpg<br />
</gallery><br />
<br />
==''[[Odontoponera]]''== <br />
*''[[Odontoponera denticulata]]'' (Smith, F., )<br />
<gallery><br />
File:MCZ Odontoponera denticulata hef2 5.jpg<br />
File:MCZ Odontoponera denticulata hal1 25.jpg<br />
File:MCZ Odontoponera denticulata had1 25.jpg<br />
File:MCZ Odontoponera denticulata had1 lbs.jpg<br />
</gallery><br />
<br />
==''[[Oecophylla]]''==<br />
*''[[Oecophylla smaragdina]]'' (Fabricius, 1775)<br />
<br />
==''[[Paraparatrechina]]''== <br />
*''[[Paraparatrechina]]'' species<br />
<br />
==''[[Paratrechina]]''==<br />
*''[[Paratrechina longicornis]]'' (Latreille, )<br />
<br />
==''[[Pheidole]]''==<br />
*''[[Pheidole biloba]]'' (Karavaiev, 1935)<br />
<br />
*''[[Pheidole]]'' species 1 (nodifera group)<br />
<gallery perrow=4><br />
File:MCZ Pheidole minor cf nodifera hef6 3.jpg<br />
File:MCZ Pheidole minor cf nodifera-hal4.jpg<br />
File:MCZ Pheidole minor cf nodifera had4.jpg<br />
File:MCZ Anochetus Cam species1 lbs.JPG<br />
</gallery><br />
<br />
*''[[Pheidole tjibodana]]'' Forel, 1905<br />
<gallery perrow=4><br />
File:Pheidole-tjibodanaH5.jpg<br />
File:Pheidole-tjibodanaL4.jpg<br />
File:Pheidole-tjibodanaD4.jpg<br />
File:Pheidole-tjibodanaLabel.jpg<br />
</gallery><br />
<br />
==''[[Plagiolepis]]''==<br />
*''[[Plagiolepis nitida]]'' Karavaiev, 1935<br />
<br />
==''[[Platythyrea]]''==<br />
*''[[Platythyrea]]'' species<br />
<br />
==''[[Polyrhachis]]''==<br />
*''[[Polyrhachis armata]]'' (Le Guillou, 1842) <br />
<gallery perrow=4><br />
File:MCZ Polyrhachis armata hef2 5.jpg<br />
File:MCZ Polyrhachis armata hal1 25.jpg<br />
File:MCZ Polyrhachis armata had1 25.jpg<br />
File:MCZ Polyrhachis armata lbs.jpg<br />
</gallery><br />
<br />
*''[[Polyrhachis bicolor]]'' <br />
<gallery perrow=4><br />
File:MCZ Polyrhachis bicolor hef4.jpg<br />
File:MCZ Polyrhachis bicolor hal2.jpg<br />
File:MCZ Polyrhachis bicolor had2.jpg<br />
File:MCZ Polyrhachis bicolor lbs.jpg <br />
</gallery><br />
<br />
*''[[Polyrhachis bicolor brachyacantha]]'' Karavaiev, 1935<br />
<br />
*''[[Polyrhachis bihamata]]''<br />
<gallery perrow=4><br />
File:MCZ Polyrhachis bihamata hef2.jpg<br />
File:MCZ Polyrhachis bihamata hal1.jpg<br />
File:MCZ Polyrhachis bihamata had1 6.jpg<br />
File:MCZ Polyrhachis furcata lbs.jpg<br />
</gallery><br />
<br />
*''[[Polyrhachis dives]]''<br />
<gallery perrow=4><br />
File:MCZ Polyrhachis dives hef4.jpg<br />
File:MCZ Polyrhachis dives hal2 5.jpg<br />
File:MCZ Polyrhachis dives had2 5.jpg<br />
File:MCZ Polyrhachis dives lbs.jpg<br />
</gallery><br />
<br />
*''[[Polyrhachis furcata]]'' Smith, F., 1858<br />
<gallery perrow=4><br />
File:MCZ Polyrhachis furcata hef4.jpg<br />
File:MCZ Polyrhachis furcata hal2 .jpg<br />
File:MCZ Polyrhachis furcata had2 5.jpg<br />
File:MCZ Polyrhachis furcata lbs.jpg<br />
</gallery><br />
<br />
*''[[Polyrhachis jurii]]'' Karavaiev, 1935 <br />
<br />
*''[[Polyrhachis laevissima]]'' Smith, F., 1858<br />
<gallery perrow=4><br />
File:MCZ Polyrhachis Cam sp1 hef3 2.jpg<br />
File:MCZ Polyrhachis Cam sp1 hal2.jpg<br />
File:MCZ Polyrhachis Cam sp1 had2.jpg<br />
File:MCZ Polyrhachis Cam sp1 lbs.jpg<br />
</gallery><br />
<br />
*''[[Polyrhachis lucidula]]''<br />
<gallery perrow=4><br />
File:MCZ Polyrhachis lucidula hef4.jpg<br />
File:MCZ Polyrhachis lucidula hal2 5.jpg<br />
File:MCZ Polyrhachis lucidula had2 5.jpg<br />
File:MCZ Polyrhachis armata lbs.jpg<br />
</gallery><br />
<br />
*''[[Polyrhachis phalerata]]'' Menozzi, 1926<br />
<gallery perrow=4><br />
File:Polyrhachis-phalerataH3.2x.jpg<br />
File:Polyrhachis-phalerataL2.5x.jpg<br />
File:Polyrhachis-phalerataD2.5x.jpg<br />
File:Polyrhachis-phalerataLabel.jpg<br />
</gallery><br />
<br />
<br />
*''[[Polyrhachis proxima]]'' Roger, 1863<br />
<gallery perrow=4><br />
File:MCZ Polyrhachis proxima hef2 5.jpg<br />
File:MCZ Polyrhachis proxima hal1 6.jpg<br />
File:MCZ Polyrhachis proxima had1 6.jpg<br />
File:MCZ Polyrhachis proxima lbs.jpg<br />
</gallery><br />
<br />
*''[[Polyrhachis stylifera]]'' Karavaiev, 1935<br />
<br />
*''[[Polyrhachis]]'' species 1<br />
<gallery perrow=4><br />
File:Polyrhachis-Cam-sp1 hef3 2.jpg<br />
File:Polyrhachis-Cam-sp1 hal2.jpg<br />
File:Polyrhachis-Cam-sp1 had2.jpg<br />
File:Polyrhachis-Cam-sp1 lbs1.jpg<br />
</gallery><br />
<br />
*''[[Polyrhachis]]'' species 2<br />
<gallery perrow=4><br />
File:MCZ Polyrhachis Cam sp2 hef4.jpg<br />
File:MCZ Polyrhachis Cam sp2 hal2 5.jpg<br />
File:MCZ Polyrhachis Cam sp2 had2 5.jpg<br />
File:MCZ Polyrhachis Cam sp2 lbs.jpg<br />
</gallery><br />
<br />
*''[[Polyrhachis]]'' species 3<br />
<gallery perrow=4><br />
File:MCZ Polyrhachis Cam sp3 hef4.jpg<br />
File:MCZ Polyrhachis Cam sp3 hal2.jpg<br />
File:MCZ Polyrhachis Cam sp3 had2.jpg<br />
File:MCZ Polyrhachis Cam sp3 lbs.jpg<br />
</gallery><br />
<br />
==''[[Pristomyrmex]]''==<br />
*''[[Pristomyrmex]]'' species<br />
<br />
==''[[Pseudolasius]]''==<br />
*''[[Pseudolasius silvestrii]]'' Wheeler, W.M., 1927<br />
<gallery perrow=4><br />
File:MCZ Pseudolasius silvestrii hef4.jpg<br />
File:MCZ Pseudolasius silvestrii hal2 5.jpg<br />
File:MCZ Pseudolasius silvestrii had2 5.jpg<br />
File:MCZ Pseudolasius silvestrii lbs.jpg<br />
</gallery><br />
<br />
==''[[Recurvidris]]''==<br />
*''[[Recurvidris]]'' species<br />
<br />
==''[[Rotastruma]]''==<br />
*''[[Rotastruma epispina]]'' Hosoishi & Yamane, 2021<br />
<br />
==''[[Solenopsis]]''==<br />
*''[[Solenopsis geminata]]''<br />
<br />
==''[[Stictoponera]]''==<br />
*''[[Stictoponera bicolor]]'' (Emery, 1889)<br />
<gallery perrow=4><br />
File:MCZ Gnamptogenys bicolor hef3 2.jpg<br />
File:MCZ Gnamptogenys bicolor hal2 5.jpg<br />
File:MCZ Gnamptogenys bicolor had2 5.jpg<br />
File:MCZ Gnamptogenys bicolor lbs.jpg<br />
</gallery><br />
<br />
==''[[Strumigenys]]''==<br />
*''[[Strumigenys feae]]'' Emery,<br />
<gallery><br />
File:Strumigenys_feae__casent0280748_h_1_high.jpg<br />
File:Strumigenys_feae__casent0280748_p_1_high.jpg<br />
File:Strumigenys_feae__casent0280748_d_1_high.jpg<br />
File:Strumigenys_feae__casent0280748_l_1_high.jpg<br />
</gallery><br />
<br />
*''[[Strumigenys tritomea]]'' Bolton, 2000<br />
<gallery><br />
File:MCZ Strumigenys nr tritomea hef6 3.jpg<br />
File:MCZ Strumigenys nr tritomea hal4.jpg<br />
File:MCZ Strumigenys nr tritomea had4.jpg<br />
File:MCZ Strumigenys nr tritomea lbs.jpg<br />
</gallery><br />
<br />
==''[[Syllophopsis]]''==<br />
*''[[Syllophopsis sechellensis]]'' (Emery, 1894)<br />
<br />
==''[[Tapinoma]]''==<br />
*''[[Tapinoma melanocephalum]]'' (Fabricius, )<br />
<br />
==''[[Technomyrmex]]''==<br />
*''[[Technomyrmex albipes]]'' <br />
*''[[Technomyrmex elatior]]'' Forel, <br />
*''[[Technomyrmex horni]]'' Forel,<br />
<br />
==''[[Tetramorium]]''==<br />
*''[[Tetramorium kheperra]]''<br />
*''[[Tetramorium lanuginosum]]''<br />
<br />
==''[[Tetraponera]]''==<br />
*''[[Tetraponera allaborans]]'' (Walker, 1859)<br />
<gallery><br />
File:MCZ Tetraponera allaborans hef5.jpg<br />
File:MCZ Tetraponera allaborans hal2 5.jpg<br />
File:MCZ Tetraponera allaborans had2 5.jpg<br />
File:MCZ Polyrhachis armata lbs.jpg<br />
</gallery><br />
<br />
*''[[Tetraponera attenuata]]'' Smith, F.<br />
<gallery><br />
File:MCZ Tetraponera attenuata hef5.jpg<br />
File:MCZ Tetraponera attenuata hal1 6.jpg<br />
File:MCZ Tetraponera attenuata had1 6.jpg<br />
File:MCZ Tetraponera attenuata lbs.jpg<br />
</gallery><br />
<br />
*''[[Tetraponera rufonigra]]'' (Jerdon, 1851)<br />
<gallery><br />
File:MCZ ENT Tetraponera rufonigra hef3-2.jpg<br />
File:MCZ ENT Tetraponera rufonigra hal1-25.jpg<br />
File:MCZ ENT Tetraponera rufonigra had1-25.jpg<br />
File:MCZ ENT Tetraponera rufonigra lbs.jpg<br />
</gallery><br />
<br />
==''[[Trichomyrmex]]''==<br />
*''[[Trichomyrmex destructor]]''<br />
<br />
==''[[Vollenhovia]]''==<br />
*''[[Vollenhovia emeryi]]''<br />
<br />
==''[[Vombisidris]]''==<br />
*''[[Vombisidris]]'' species<br />
<br />
==References==<br />
*[[Media:Hosoishi et al 2013.pdf|Hosoishi, S., Le Ngoc A., Yamane, Sk. & Ogata, K. 2013. Ant diversity in rubber plantations (Hevea brasiliensis) of Cambodia (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). Asian Myrmecology 5: 69-77.]]<br />
*[[Media:Hosoishi, S. & Ogata, K. 2014. Description and DNA barcoding of Crematogaster fraxatrix Forel, 1911 and two new closely related species from Cambodia and Indonesia.pdf|Hosoishi, S. & Ogata, K. 2014. Description and DNA barcoding of Crematogaster fraxatrix Forel, 1911 and two new closely related species from Cambodia and Indonesia (Hymenoptera, Formicidae). ZooKeys 374, 57–68 (doi: 10.3897/zookeys.374.5874).]]<br />
*Hosoishi, S. Park, S.-H., Yamane, Sk. & Ogata, K. ,Species composition of ant prey of the pitcher plant Nepenthes bokorensis Mey (Nepenthaceae) in Phnom Bokor National Park, Cambodia.,Cambodian Journal of Natural History,Vol.[2012],pp.3-7,2012.04.<br />
*[[Media:Hosoishi, S., Rahman, M.M. et al. 2022. Exotic ants of Cambodia (10.25221@fee.460.3).pdf|Hosoishi, S., Rahman, M. M., Heng, S. 2022. Exotic ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) of Cambodia. Far Eastern Entomologist 460, 15–24]] ({{doi|10.25221/fee.460.3}}).<br />
<br />
[[Category:Regional Project]][[Category:Regional Taxon List]]<br />
[[Category:Asia]][[Category:South-Eastern Asia]][[Category:Oriental Region]]</div>SShattuckhttps://antwiki.org/wiki/index.php?title=Carebara_bokorensis&diff=709246Carebara bokorensis2024-03-28T05:54:31Z<p>SShattuck: Created page with "{{Italic title}} {{Taxobox |name = ''Carebara bokorensis'' |regnum = Animalia |phylum = Arthropoda |classis = Insecta |ordo = Hymenoptera |familia = Formicidae |subfamilia = Myrmicinae |tribus = Crematogastrini |genus = ''Carebara'' |species_group=''pygmaea'' |species = '''''C. bokorensis''''' |binomial = ''Carebara bokorensis'' |binomial_authority = Matsuura & Hosoishi, 2024 }} ''Carebara bokorensis'', known only from Cambodia (Bokor Nati..."</p>
<hr />
<div>{{Italic title}}<br />
{{Taxobox<br />
|name = ''Carebara bokorensis''<br />
|regnum = [[Animal]]ia<br />
|phylum = [[Arthropod]]a<br />
|classis = [[Insect]]a<br />
|ordo = [[Hymenoptera]]<br />
|familia = [[Formicidae]]<br />
|subfamilia = [[Myrmicinae]]<br />
|tribus = [[Crematogastrini]]<br />
|genus = ''[[Carebara]]''<br />
|species_group=''pygmaea''<br />
|species = '''''C. bokorensis'''''<br />
|binomial = ''Carebara bokorensis''<br />
|binomial_authority = Matsuura & Hosoishi, 2024<br />
}}<br />
''Carebara bokorensis'', known only from Cambodia (Bokor National Park, Kampot), was collected from decayed wood.<br />
<br />
==Identification==<br />
'''Major workers''' can be distinguished from the other species in the genus by the following characters:<br />
*11-segmented antennae<br />
*punctation on posterior surface of head<br />
*long petiolar pedicel<br />
*well-developed scutellum<br />
*metanotal groove separated by elevated band<br />
<br />
'''Minor workers''':<br />
*11-segmented antennae<br />
*median concavity of anterior clypeal margin<br />
*entirely rounded promesonotum<br />
*short petiolar pedicel<br />
*presence of subpetiolar process in the subcaste<br />
<br />
''Carebara bokorensis'' shares most features except for promesonotal suture with the ''C. pygmaea'' species group. Jaitrong et al. (2021) defines promesonotal suture of major workers as indistinct in definition of ''C. pygmaea'' species group, and this is thought to be due to the exceptionally partial presence of promesonotal suture in ''[[Carebara panhai]]''. ''Carebara bokorensis'' has a distinct promesonotal suture in major workers, but other morphological characters are consistent with the definition of the species group. Therefore, it is appropriate to include this species in the species group. Furthermore, the major workers of this species also have scutellum, which is not found in the species group. Developed scutellum in major workers are found in some species such as ''[[Carebara oni]]'', ''[[Carebara phragmotica]]'' and ''[[Carebara aberrans]]''. Although it is beyond this study to infer it, such character state can be found in different lineages of ''Carebara''.<br />
<br />
The ''Carebara pygmaea'' species group includes five species, ''C. bokorensis'', ''[[Carebara pygmaea]]'', ''[[Carebara rubra]]'', ''[[Carebara transversalis]]'' and ''[[Carebara panhai]]''. The major workers of ''C. bokorensis'' are distinguished from the other four species in the species group by the presence of punctation on posterior surface of head, presence of scutellum and projection in the metanotal groove. The minor workers of ''C. bokorensis'' are distinguished from the three species, ''C. pygmaea'', ''C. rubra'' and ''C. panhai'' (minor worker of ''C. transversalis'' is unknown), in the species group by the presence of a well-developed subtriangular subpetiolar process and medial concavity of anterior clypeal margin.<br />
{{Species identification keys}}<br />
<br />
==Distribution==<br />
{{Latitudinal Distribution<br />
|north_latitude_limit=10.6<br />
|south_latitude_limit=10.6<br />
|north_temperate=<br />
|north_subtropical=<br />
|tropical=yes<br />
|south_subtropical=<br />
|south_temperate=<br />
|source =Matsuura et al., 2024<br />
|notes =<br />
}}<br />
<!--DO NOT EDIT THIS TEXT. To update this list add or remove taxa from individual regional taxon list pages.--><br />
===Distribution based on [[:Category:Regional Taxon List|Regional Taxon Lists]]===<br />
'''[[:Category:Oriental Region|Oriental Region]]''': [[Cambodia]] {{SmallFont|([[type locality]])}}.<br /><br />
<!--END OF DISTRIBUTION LIST--><br />
{{AntMapsMap}}<br />
{{Countries Occupied|count=1}}<br />
{{Estimated Abundance|count=1}}<br />
<br />
==Biology==<br />
<br />
==Castes==<br />
<br />
==Nomenclature==<br />
{{Nomenclature}}<br />
*''{{RedText|bokorensis}}. Carebara bokorensis'' Matsuura & Hosoishi, in Matsuura et al., 2024: 3, figs. 1-3 (s.w.) CAMBODIA.<br />
<br />
===Type Material===<br />
*Holotype (major worker): Cambodia: Bokor National Park, 663m alt., Kampot Province, N 10°36 E 104°06, 19. XII 2011, S. Hosoishi leg. SH11-Cam-55, decayed wood (Institute of Tropical Agriculture, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan (KUEC), collection code KUECCRB001).<br />
*Paratypes: same data as holotype, 2 major workers (KUEC, collection code KUECCRB002, KUECCRB003) and 7 minor workers (KUEC, collection code KUECCRB004, KUECCRB005, KUECCRB006, KUECCRB007, KUECCRB008, KUECCRB009, KUECCRB010).<br />
<br />
<!--Un-comment this template when adding type specimen data<br />
*{{TypeSpecimen<br />
|publishedname=<br />
|status=<br />
|statuspublication=<br />
|material=<br />
|locality=<br />
|country=Cambodia<br />
|coordinates={{Inline coordinates|||0|NS|||0|EW}} COMMENT OUT IF UNKNOWN<br />
|collector=<br />
|collectiondate=<br />
|specimenidentifier=<br />
|institution=<br />
|notes=<br />
}}<br />
<br />
--><br />
===Description===<br />
<br />
==References==<br />
*[[Media:Matsuura, K., Hosoishi, S. et al. 2024. A remarkable new species from the pygmaea species group of the genus Carebara from Cambodia (10.25221@fee.496.1).pdf|Matsuura, K., Hosoishi, S., Sokh, H. 2024. A remarkable new species from the ''pygmaea'' species group of the genus ''Carebara'' Westwood, 1840 (Hymenoptera: Formicidae: Myrmicinae) from Cambodia. Far Eastern Entomologist, 496 1–9]] ({{doi|10.25221/fee.496.1}}).<br />
<br />
[[category:Species]]<br />
[[category:Extant species]]<br />
[[category:Formicidae]][[category:Myrmicinae]][[category:Crematogastrini]][[category:Carebara]][[category:Carebara bokorensis]]<br />
[[category:Myrmicinae species]][[category:Crematogastrini species]][[category:Carebara species|bokorensis]]</div>SShattuckhttps://antwiki.org/wiki/index.php?title=United_Kingdom_of_Great_Britain_and_Northern_Ireland&diff=709245United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland2024-03-28T05:50:35Z<p>SShattuck: </p>
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<div>{{BackToTop}}<br />
{{Infobox RegionalTaxonListStats<br />
|name = United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland<br />
|image = [[File:LocationUnitedKingdom.png|thumb|center]]<br />
||region = [[:Category:Europe|Europe]]<br />
||subregion = [[:Category:Northern Europe|Northern Europe]]<br />
||bioregion = [[:Category:Palaearctic Region|Palaearctic Region]]<br />
|subfamilies = 4<br />
|genera = 26<br />
|endemic_genera = 0<br />
|percent_endemic_genera = 0.0%<br />
|species_subspecies = 84<br />
|endemic_species = 5<br />
|percent_endemic_species = 6.0%<br />
|introduced = 7<br />
|fossil =<br />
}}<br />
<br />
The following valid species and subspecies of ants are known to occur in the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. Unidentified and undescribed species will be added to this list as identifications are verified and taxonomic revisions are published. This species list is based upon the effort of many ant collectors as well as myrmecologists who have published on the taxonomy of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland ants. Those who have specimen records that expand this list are encouraged to submit this information in the discussion section of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland Ants web page. Please advise if any corrections are warranted.<br />
<br />
Information about the ants of the United Kingdom is also available at the [https://www.bwars.com/category/taxonomic-hierarchy/ant/formicidae BWARS (Bees, wasps and ants recording Society) website]<br />
<div style="float:right; margin: 10px;">__TOC__</div><br />
<br />
==''[[Camponotus]]'' ==<br />
*''[[Camponotus britteni]]'' Donisthorpe, 1931<br />
*''[[Camponotus lateralis]]'' {{Introduced}}<br />
*''[[Camponotus sylvaticus]]'' (Olivier, 1792) {{Introduced}}<br />
<br />
==''[[Cardiocondyla]]''==<br />
*''[[Cardiocondyla britteni]]'' Crawley, 1920<br />
<br />
==''[[Crematogaster]]''==<br />
*''[[Crematogaster scutellaris]]'' (Olivier, 1792)<br />
*''[[Crematogaster terminalis]]'' (Shuckard, 1838)<br />
<br />
==''[[Formica]]'' ==<br />
*''[[Formica aquilonia]]'' Yarrow, 1951<br />
*''[[Formica candida]]'' Smith, F., 1878<br />
*''[[Formica clara]]''<br />
*''[[Formica cunicularia]]'' Latreille, 1798<br />
*''[[Formica exsecta]]'' Nylander, 1846<br />
*''[[Formica fusca]]'' Linnaeus, 1758<br />
*''[[Formica lemani]]'' Bondroit, 1917<br />
*''[[Formica lugubris]]'' Zetterstedt, 1838<br />
*''[[Formica picea]]'' <br />
*''[[Formica pratensis]]'' Retzius, 1783<br />
*''[[Formica rufa]]'' Linnaeus, 1761<br />
*''[[Formica rufibarbis]]'' Fabricius, 1793<br />
*''[[Formica sanguinea]]'' Latreille, 1798<br />
<br />
==''[[Formicoxenus]]''==<br />
*''[[Formicoxenus nitidulus]]'' (Nylander, 1846)<br />
<br />
==''[[Hypoponera]]'' ==<br />
*''[[Hypoponera gibbinota]]'' (Forel, 1912)<br />
*''[[Hypoponera punctatissima]]'' (Roger, 1859)<br />
<br />
==''[[Lasius]]'' ==<br />
*''[[Lasius alienus]]'' <br />
*''[[Lasius brunneus]]'' (Latreille, 1798)<br />
*''[[Lasius emarginatus]]'' <br />
*''[[Lasius flavus]]'' <br />
*''[[Lasius fuliginosus]]'' (Latreille, 1798)<br />
*''[[Lasius meridionalis]]'' <br />
*''[[Lasius mixtus]]'' <br />
*''[[Lasius neglectus]]'' <br />
*''[[Lasius niger]]'' (Linnaeus, 1758)<br />
*''[[Lasius platythorax]]'' Seifert 1991<br />
*''[[Lasius psammophilus]]'' <br />
*''[[Lasius sabularum]]'' <br />
*''[[Lasius umbratus]]'' <br />
<br />
==''[[Leptothorax]]''==<br />
*''[[Leptothorax acervorum]]''<br />
<br />
==''[[Linepithema]]''==<br />
*''[[Linepithema humile]]''<br />
*''[[Linepithema iniquum]]''<br />
<br />
==''[[Monomorium]]'' ==<br />
*''[[Monomorium floricola]]'' <br />
*''[[Monomorium pharaonis]]'' (Linnaeus, 1758)<br />
*''[[Monomorium salomonis]]''<br />
<br />
==''[[Myrmecina]]''==<br />
*''[[Myrmecina graminicola]]'' (Latreille, 1802)<br />
<br />
==''[[Myrmica]]''==<br />
*''[[Myrmica hirsuta]]'' Elmes, 1978<br />
*''[[Myrmica karavajevi]]''<br />
*''[[Myrmica lobicornis]]'' Nylander, 1846<br />
*''[[Myrmica lonae]]'' <br />
*''[[Myrmica rubra]]'' (Linnaeus, 1758)<br />
*''[[Myrmica ruginodis]]'' Nylander, 1846<br />
*''[[Myrmica sabuleti]]'' Meinert, 1861<br />
*''[[Myrmica scabrinodis]]'' Nylander, 1846<br />
*''[[Myrmica schencki]]'' Emery, 1895<br />
*''[[Myrmica specioides]]'' Bondroit,, 1918<br />
*''[[Myrmica sulcinodis]]'' Nylander, 1846<br />
*''[[Myrmica vandeli]]''<br />
<br />
==''[[Nylanderia]]'' ==<br />
*''[[Nylanderia braueri donisthorpei]]'' (Forel, 1908)<br />
*''[[Nylanderia vividula]]''<br />
<br />
==''[[Paratrechina]]'' ==<br />
*''[[Paratrechina longicornis]]'' <br />
<br />
==''[[Pheidole]]''==<br />
*''[[Pheidole megacephala]]''<br />
*''[[Pheidole nodus]]'' Smith, F., 1874 {{Introduced}}<br />
*''[[Pheidole punctatissima]]'' Mayr, 1870 {{Introduced}}<br />
<br />
==''[[Plagiolepis]]''==<br />
*''[[Plagiolepis pallescens]]'' Forel, 1889<br />
<br />
==''[[Ponera]]''==<br />
*''[[Ponera coarctata]]'' Latreille, 1802<br />
*''[[Ponera testacea]]'' (Emery, 1895)<br />
<br />
==''[[Prenolepis]]''==<br />
*''[[Prenolepis nitens]]'' (Mayr, 1853)<br />
<br />
==''[[Solenopsis]]'' ==<br />
*''[[Solenopsis fugax]]'' (Latreille, 1798)<br />
<br />
==''[[Stenamma]]''==<br />
*''[[Stenamma debile]]'' <br />
*''[[Stenamma westwoodii]]'' Westwood, 1839<br />
<br />
==''[[Strongylognathus]]''==<br />
*''[[Strongylognathus testaceus]]''<br />
<br />
==''[[Strumigenys]]''==<br />
*''[[Strumigenys emmae]]'' (Emery, 1890) {{Introduced}}<br />
*''[[Strumigenys rogeri]]'' Emery, 1890 {{Introduced}}<br />
<br />
==''[[Tapinoma]]'' ==<br />
*''[[Tapinoma erraticum]]'' (Latreille, 1798)<br />
*''[[Tapinoma ibericum]]'' Santschi, 1925<br />
*''[[Tapinoma madeirense]]'' Forel, 1895<br />
*''[[Tapinoma melanocephalum]]'' Fabricius, 1793<br />
*''[[Tapinoma subboreale]]'' Seifert, 2012<br />
<br />
==''[[Temnothorax]]''==<br />
*''[[Temnothorax albipennis]]'' (Curtis)<br />
*''[[Temnothorax interruptus]]'' <br />
*''[[Temnothorax nylanderi]]''<br />
*''[[Temnothorax recedens]]'' {{Introduced}}<br />
*''[[Temnothorax unifasciatus]]'' <br />
<br />
==''[[Tetramorium]]''==<br />
*''[[Tetramorium atratulum]]'' (Schenck, 1852)<br />
*''[[Tetramorium caespitum]]''<br />
*''[[Tetramorium caldarium]]'' <br />
*''[[Tetramorium simillimum]]''<br />
<br />
==''[[Trichomyrmex]]''==<br />
*''[[Trichomyrmex destructor]]'' (Jerdon, 1851) {{Introduced}}<br />
<br />
==Fossils known from United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland==<br />
{{Fossils from Country|United Kingdom}}<br />
<br />
==References==<br />
*Attewell, P. J., C. A. Collingwood and A. Godfrey. 2010. Ponera testacea (Emery, 1895) (Hym: Formicidae) new to Britain from Dungeness, East Kent. Entomologists Record and Journal of Variation 122: 113-119.<br />
*[[Media:Baroni Urbani & Collingwood 1976.pdf|Baroni Urbani, C.; Collingwood, C. A. 1976. A numerical analysis of the distribution of British Formicidae (Hymenoptera, Aculeata). Verhandlungen der Naturforschenden Gesellschaft in Basel 85:51-91. [1976-03-31]]]<br />
*[[Media:Blacker 2002.pdf|Blacker, N.C. & Collingwood, C.A. 2002. Some significant new records of ants from the Salisbury area, South Wiltshire, England, with a key to the British species of Lasius. British Journal of Entomology and Natural History 15: 25-46.]]<br />
*[[Media:Collingwood 1958.pdf|Collingwood, C. A. 1958b. A key to the species of ants (Hymenoptera, Formicidae) found in Britain. Trans. Soc. Br. Entomol. 13: 69-96.]]<br />
<br />
==Online Resources==<br />
*[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_ants_of_Great_Britain] List of ants of Great Britain<br />
*[https://www.bwars.com/category/taxonomic-hierarchy/ant/formicidae] A species list, and species accounts, of the ants of Great Britain and Northern Ireland (BWARS)<br />
<br />
[[Category:Regional Project]][[Category:Regional Taxon List]]<br />
[[Category:Europe]][[Category:Northern Europe]][[Category:Palaearctic Region]]</div>SShattuckhttps://antwiki.org/wiki/index.php?title=Template:AWNavboxFossils&diff=709244Template:AWNavboxFossils2024-03-28T05:48:47Z<p>SShattuck: </p>
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<div>{{Navbox<br />
|bodyclass = <br />
|navbar = plain <br />
|name = AWNavboxFossils<br />
|title = Fossil Ants<br />
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<br />
|group1 = Taxa by Rank<br />
|list1 = [[:Category:Fossil|All]] • [[:Category:Extinct_subfamily|Subfamilies]] • [[:Category:Extinct_genus|Genera]] • [[:Category:Extinct_species|Species]]<br />
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|group2= Geologic Age<br />
|list2= [[Cretaceous]] • [[Eocene]] • [[Miocene]] • [[Oligocene]] • [[Paleocene]] • [[Pliocene]]<br />
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|group3=Formations<br />
|list3=<br />
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|group1= Amber<br />
|list1=[[Arkansas Amber|Arkansas]] • [[Baltic Amber|Baltic]] • [[Belarus Amber|Belarus]] • [[Bitterfeld Amber|Bitterfeld]] • [[Borneo Amber|Borneo]] • [[Burmese Amber|Burmese]] • [[Charentese Amber|Charentese]] • [[Danish Amber|Danish]] • [[Dominican Amber|Dominican]] • [[Ethiopian Amber|Ethiopian]] • [[Foremost Formation Amber|Foremost Formation]] • [[Fushun Amber|Fushun]] • [[Mexican Amber|Mexican]] • [[North Carolina Amber|North Carolina]] • [[Oise Amber|Oise]] • [[Peruvian Amber|Peruvian]] • [[Raritan (New Jersey) Amber|Raritan (New Jersey)]] • [[Rovno Amber|Rovno]] • [[Sakhalin Amber|Sakhalin]] • [[Sicilian Amber|Sicilian]] • [[Sumatran Amber|Sumatran]] • [[Taimyr Amber|Taimyr]] • [[Zhangpu Amber|Zhangpu]]<br />
|group2=Impression<br />
|list2=[[Aix-en-Provence, France Fossil|Aix-en-Provence, France]] • [[Amgu River Fossil|Amgu River]] • [[Auxillac, France Fossil|Auxillac, France]] • [[Baikura Fossil|Baikura]] • [[Barstow Formation Fossil|Barstow Formation]] • [[Bembridge Marls Fossil|Bembridge Marls]] • [[Berezovsky Massif Fossil|Berezovsky Massif]] • [[Bolshaya Svetlovodnaya Fossil|Bolshaya Svetlovodnaya]] • [[Bournemouth Fossil|Bournemouth]] • [[Brunn-Vösendorf, Austria Fossil|Brunn-Vösendorf, Austria]] • [[Brunstatt, France Fossil|Brunstatt, France]] • [[Canyon Ferry Reservoir|Canyon Ferry Reservoir, Montana]] • [[Celas, France Fossil|Celas, France]] • [[Chon-Tyz Mine Fossil|Chon-Tyz Mine]] • [[Crato, Brazil Fossil|Crato, Brazil]] • [[Decín, Czech Republic Fossil|Decín, Czech Republic]] • [[Eckfeld, Germany Fossil|Eckfeld, Germany]] • [[Elko, Nevada Fossil|Elko, Nevada]] • [[Emanra Formation Fossil|Emanra Formation]] • [[Enspel Formation Fossil|Enspel Formation]] • [[Epecuen Formation Fossil|Epecuen Formation]] • [[Florissant Fossil|Florissant]] • [[Fonseca Formation Fossil|Fonseca Formation]] • [[Foulden Maar Diatomite Fossil|Foulden Maar Diatomite]] • [[Green River Formation Fossil|Green River Formation]] • [[Horsefly River, British Columbia Fossil|Horsefly River, British Columbia]] • [[Iki Island, Japan Fossil|Iki Island, Japan]] • [[Isle of Purbeck Fossil|Isle of Purbeck]] • [[Joursac, France Fossil|Joursac, France]] • [[Khronya Cape Fossil|Khronya Cape]] • [[Kishenehn Formation Shale Fossil|Kishenehn Formation Shale]] • [[Kleinkems, Germany Fossil|Kleinkems, Germany]] • [[Klondike Formation Fossil|Klondike Formation]] • [[Kuban Province Fossil|Kuban Province]] • [[Kuclín, Czech Republic Fossil|Kuclín, Czech Republic]] • [[Kzyl-Zhar Fossil|Kzyl-Zhar]] • [[Lac Chambon, France Fossil|Lac Chambon, France]] • [[Lake Victoria, Kenya Fossil|Lake Victoria, Kenya]] • [[Mae Sot, Thailand Fossil|Mae Sot, Thailand]] • [[Malyi Kamyshlak Fossil|Malyi Kamyshlak]] • [[McAbee Fossil|McAbee]] • [[Menat Formation Fossil|Menat Formation]] • [[Messel Fossil|Messel]] • [[Mo-Clay Fossil|Mo-Clay]] • [[Mokrina, Czech Republic Fossil|Mokrina, Czech Republic]] • [[Montagne d'Andance, France Fossil|Montagne d'Andance, France]] • [[Most Formation Fossil|Most Formation]] • [[Oeningen, Switzerland Fossil|Oeningen, Switzerland]] • [[Ola Formation Fossil|Ola Formation]] • [[Orapa Fossil|Orapa]] • [[Ormety, Georgia Fossil|Ormety, Georgia]] • [[Parschlug, Austria Fossil|Parschlug, Austria]] • [[Paskapoo Formation Fossil|Paskapoo Formation]] • [[Puryear, Tennessee Fossil|Puryear, Tennessee]] • [[Quesnel, British Columbia Fossil|Quesnel, British Columbia]] • [[Radoboj Fossil|Radoboj]] • [[Rott, Germany Fossil|Rott, Germany]] • [[Schossnitz, Poland Fossil|Schossnitz, Poland]] • [[Shanwang, China Fossil|Shanwang, China]] • [[Sweetwater, Wyoming Fossil|Sweetwater, Wyoming]] • [[Varvara Formation Fossil|Varvara Formation]] • [[Velikaya Kema Fossil|Velikaya Kema]] • [[Ventana Formation Fossil|Ventana Formation]] • [[Vishnevaya Balka Creek Fossil|Vishnevaya Balka Creek]] • [[Wellborn, Texas Fossil|Wellborn, Texas]] • [[Willershausen, Germany Fossil|Willershausen, Germany]] • [[Yantardakh Fossil|Yantardakh]]<br />
}}<br />
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|group4 = Ichnofossils<br />
|list4 = [[Ichnofossils]]<br />
}}</div>SShattuckhttps://antwiki.org/wiki/index.php?title=Brownimecia_inconspicua&diff=709243Brownimecia inconspicua2024-03-28T05:43:28Z<p>SShattuck: Created page with "{{Italic title}} {{Taxobox |name = †''Brownimecia inconspicua'' |fossil_range = {{North Carolina amber fossil}} |regnum = Animalia |phylum = Arthropoda |classis = Insecta |ordo = Hymenoptera |familia = Formicidae |subfamilia = Brownimeciinae |genus = ''Brownimecia'' |species = †'''''B. inconspicua''''' |binomial = †''Brownimecia inconspicua'' |binomial_authority = Sosiak, Cockx, Suarez, McKellar & Barden, 2024 }} ==Identification== In ge..."</p>
<hr />
<div>{{Italic title}}<br />
{{Taxobox<br />
|name = †''Brownimecia inconspicua''<br />
|fossil_range = {{North Carolina amber fossil}}<br />
|regnum = [[Animal]]ia<br />
|phylum = [[Arthropod]]a<br />
|classis = [[Insect]]a<br />
|ordo = [[Hymenoptera]]<br />
|familia = [[Formicidae]]<br />
|subfamilia = [[Brownimeciinae]]<br />
|genus = ''[[Brownimecia]]''<br />
|species = †'''''B. inconspicua'''''<br />
|binomial = †''Brownimecia inconspicua''<br />
|binomial_authority = Sosiak, Cockx, Suarez, McKellar & Barden, 2024<br />
}}<br />
==Identification==<br />
In general, with high degree of similarity to ''[[Brownimecia clavata]]''. However:<br />
*mandibles narrow and elongate, with broad, blunt apices extending near base of opposing mandible<br />
*frontal area bulbous and projecting anteriad<br />
*antenna with faI longer than pedicel<br />
*compound eye slightly larger (0.5 of head length)<br />
*propodeum with posterior surface longer than dorsal surface<br />
*petiole longer and narrower than in ''B. clavata'' (in dorsal view)<br />
*anterolateral corners of petiole bear fine longitudinal carinae on dorsal surface that extend one-third of petiolar length<br />
*metasomal segment III slightly longer than segment II, with cinctus on segment III<br />
<br />
''Brownimecia inconspicua'' and the known worker of ''B. clavata'', are similar in size and morphology. Among the morphological differences, the easiest diagnostic characters to differentiate ''B. inconspicua'' from ''B. clavata'' are the presence of relatively spatulate mandibular apices, and the fact that the propodeum has a dorsal surface that is longer than the posterior surface, giving the appearance that the region extends dorsally on par with the dorsal surface of the promesonotum, and that metasomal III is the longest in ''B. inconspicua''.<br />
<br />
==Distribution==<br />
This taxon was described from {{North Carolina amber}}.<br />
<br />
==Castes==<br />
<br />
==Nomenclature==<br />
{{Nomenclature}}<br />
*†''{{RedText|inconspicua}}. †Brownimecia inconspicua'' Sosiak et al., 2024: 2, 13, figs. 1D, S3 (w.) U.S.A. (North Carolina, Cretaceous).<br />
<br />
===Type Material===<br />
*Holotype, specimen AMNH-NC-MSE-1 from Campanian amber of North Carolina (Locality 34, lignite beds along the Neuse River in the region of Goldsboro, NC). Single female worker with hemipteran syninclusions (probable Aphidoidea). Specimen now in a small, flat piece of yellowish amber, embedded in epoxy block measuring 8 mm.<br />
<br />
<!--Un-comment this template when adding type specimen data<br />
*{{TypeSpecimen<br />
|publishedname=<br />
|status=<br />
|statuspublication=<br />
|material=<br />
|locality=Neuse River near Goldsboro, North Carolina<br />
|country=United States (Cretaceous)<br />
|coordinates={{Inline coordinates|||0|NS|||0|EW}} COMMENT OUT IF UNKNOWN<br />
|collector=<br />
|collectiondate=<br />
|specimenidentifier=<br />
|institution=<br />
|notes=<br />
}}<br />
--><br />
===Description===<br />
<br />
==References==<br />
*[[Media:Sosiak, C., Cockx, P. et al. 2024. Prolonged faunal turnover in earliest ants (10.1016@j.cub.2024.02.058).pdf|Sosiak, C., Cockx, P., Suarez, P.A., McKellar, R., Barden, P. 2024. Prolonged faunal turnover in earliest ants revealed by North American Cretaceous amber. Current Biology]] ({{doi|10.1016/j.cub.2024.02.058}}).<br />
<br />
[[category:Species]]<br />
[[category:Extinct species]][[category:Fossil]]<br />
[[category:Formicidae]][[category:Brownimeciinae]][[category:Brownimecia]][[category:Brownimecia inconspicua]]<br />
[[category:Brownimeciinae fossils]][[category:Brownimecia fossils|inconspicua]]</div>SShattuckhttps://antwiki.org/wiki/index.php?title=Baikuris_ocellantis&diff=709242Baikuris ocellantis2024-03-28T05:42:24Z<p>SShattuck: Created page with "{{Italic title}} {{Taxobox |name = †''Baikuris ocellantis'' |fossil_range = {{North Carolina amber fossil}} |regnum = Animalia |phylum = Arthropoda |classis = Insecta |ordo = Hymenoptera |familia = Formicidae |subfamilia = Uncertain |genus = ''Baikuris'' |species = †'''''B. ocellantis''''' |binomial = †''Baikuris ocellantis'' |binomial_authority = Sosiak, Cockx, Suarez, McKellar & Barden, 2024 }} ==Identification== In most regards, similar t..."</p>
<hr />
<div>{{Italic title}}<br />
{{Taxobox<br />
|name = †''Baikuris ocellantis''<br />
|fossil_range = {{North Carolina amber fossil}}<br />
|regnum = [[Animal]]ia<br />
|phylum = [[Arthropod]]a<br />
|classis = [[Insect]]a<br />
|ordo = [[Hymenoptera]]<br />
|familia = [[Formicidae]]<br />
|subfamilia = Uncertain<br />
|genus = ''[[Baikuris]]''<br />
|species = †'''''B. ocellantis'''''<br />
|binomial = †''Baikuris ocellantis''<br />
|binomial_authority = Sosiak, Cockx, Suarez, McKellar & Barden, 2024<br />
}}<br />
==Identification==<br />
In most regards, similar to ''[[Baikuris casei]]''; however, this species differentiated by characters that include:<br />
*rounded compound eyes that have flat anterior and posterior margins<br />
*markedly large ocelli<br />
*mandibles apparently toothless<br />
*palps long, with 6 maxillary palpomeres, and 4 labial palpomeres<br />
*single protibial spur simple and blade-like<br />
*two mesotibial spurs, one simple, and one denticulate<br />
*two metatibial spurs, with one simple and other blade-like<br />
*forewing with partially formed 2r-rs that is largely obscured by fuscous area in wing membrane apical to pterostigma<br />
*1m-cu is interstitial, with its anterior juncture located at the split between Rs and M<br />
*gastral segment II larger than I<br />
*male genitalia strongly exposed, with setose parameres<br />
<br />
''Baikuris ocellantis'' is very similar to ''Baikuris casei'' from New Jersey amber, including sharing a large number of the diagnostic characters attributed to this species. However, the distinctive ocelli, partial crossvein 2r-rs, and toothless mandible allow ''B. ocellantis'' to be readily distinguished from the previously described taxon.<br />
<br />
==Distribution==<br />
This taxon was described from {{North Carolina amber}}.<br />
<br />
==Castes==<br />
<br />
==Nomenclature==<br />
{{Nomenclature}}<br />
*†''{{RedText|ocellantis}}. †Baikuris ocellantis'' Sosiak et al., 2024: 2, 11, figs. 1B, 1C, S2 (m.) U.S.A. (North Carolina, Cretaceous).<br />
<br />
===Type Material===<br />
*Holotype, specimen AMNH-NC-MSE-2 from Campanian amber of North Carolina (Locality 34, lignite beds along the Neuse River in the region of Goldsboro, NC). Six apparently conspecific males within single piece of amber—holotype is centrally located within amber piece (i.e., ‘‘ant 1’’ of Krynicki58 ). Inclusions now in a flattened, reniform piece of amber that has been surface-polished and surface-coated with epoxy for stabilization, measuring approximately 14 mm.<br />
*Paratypes. Within same piece of amber as holotype (AMNH-NC-MSE-2), two additional largely complete specimens exist, one of which possesses clearer preservation of forewing venation than the holotype. Specimens AMNH-NC-MSE-2b and AMNH-NC-MSE-2c correspond to ‘‘ants 2 and 3’’ of Krynicki.<br />
<br />
<!--Un-comment this template when adding type specimen data<br />
*{{TypeSpecimen<br />
|publishedname=<br />
|status=<br />
|statuspublication=<br />
|material=<br />
|locality=Neuse River near Goldsboro, North Carolina<br />
|country=United States (Cretaceous)<br />
|coordinates={{Inline coordinates|||0|NS|||0|EW}} COMMENT OUT IF UNKNOWN<br />
|collector=<br />
|collectiondate=<br />
|specimenidentifier=<br />
|institution=<br />
|notes=<br />
}}<br />
--><br />
===Description===<br />
<br />
==References==<br />
*[[Media:Sosiak, C., Cockx, P. et al. 2024. Prolonged faunal turnover in earliest ants (10.1016@j.cub.2024.02.058).pdf|Sosiak, C., Cockx, P., Suarez, P.A., McKellar, R., Barden, P. 2024. Prolonged faunal turnover in earliest ants revealed by North American Cretaceous amber. Current Biology]] ({{doi|10.1016/j.cub.2024.02.058}}).<br />
<br />
[[category:Species]]<br />
[[category:Extinct species]][[category:Fossil]]<br />
[[category:Baikuris]][[category:Baikuris ocellantis]]<br />
[[category:Baikuris fossils|ocellantis]]</div>SShattuckhttps://antwiki.org/wiki/index.php?title=Sphecomyrma_mesaki&diff=709241Sphecomyrma mesaki2024-03-28T05:42:21Z<p>SShattuck: Add reference from PDF.</p>
<hr />
<div>{{Italic title}}<br />
{{Taxobox<br />
|name = †''Sphecomyrma mesaki''<br />
|image = Engel & Grimaldi 2005-8Sphecomyrma-mesaki.jpg<br />
|image_width = {{width}}<br />
|fossil_range = {{Raritan (New Jersey) amber fossil}}<br />
|regnum = [[Animal]]ia<br />
|phylum = [[Arthropod]]a<br />
|classis = [[Insect]]a<br />
|ordo = [[Hymenoptera]]<br />
|familia = [[Formicidae]]<br />
|subfamilia = [[Sphecomyrminae]]<br />
|tribus = [[Sphecomyrmini]]<br />
|genus = ''[[Sphecomyrma]]''<br />
|species = †'''''S. mesaki'''''<br />
|binomial = †''Sphecomyrma mesaki''<br />
|binomial_authority = Engel & Grimaldi, 2005<br />
}}<br />
==Identification==<br />
<br />
==Distribution==<br />
This taxon was described from {{Raritan (New Jersey) amber}}.<br />
<br />
==Castes==<br />
<br />
==Nomenclature==<br />
{{Nomenclature}}<br />
*†''<span style='color:red;font-weight:bold;'>mesaki.</span> †Sphecomyrma mesaki'' Engel & Grimaldi, 2005: 7, fig. 5 (w.) U.S.A. (Cretaceous).<br />
<br />
<!--Un-comment this template when adding type specimen data<br />
===Type Material===<br />
*{{TypeSpecimen<br />
|publishedname=<br />
|status=<br />
|statuspublication=<br />
|material=<br />
|locality=<br />
|country=United States<br />
|coordinates={{Inline coordinates|||0|NS|||0|EW}} COMMENT OUT IF UNKNOWN<br />
|collector=<br />
|collectiondate=<br />
|specimenidentifier=<br />
|institution={{AMNH}}<br />
|notes=<br />
}}<br />
<br />
--><br />
===Description===<br />
<br />
==References==<br />
*[[Media:Barden, P. 2017. Fossil ants ancient diversity and the rise of modern lineages.pdf|Barden, P. 2017. Fossil ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae): ancient diversity and the rise of modern lineages. Myrmecological News 24: 1-30.]]<br />
*[[Media:Boudinot, B.E., Perrichot, V. et al. 2020. †Camelosphecia gen. nov., lost ant-wasp intermediates from the mid-Cretaceous (10.3897@zookeys.1005.57629).pdf|Boudinot, B.E., Perrichot, V., Chaul, J.C.M. 2020. †''Camelosphecia'' gen. nov., lost ant-wasp intermediates from the mid-Cretaceous (Hymenoptera, Formicoidea). ZooKeys 1005, 21–55]] ({{doi|10.3897/zookeys.1005.57629}}).<br />
*[[Media:Engel & Grimaldi 2005.pdf|Engel, M.S., Grimaldi, D.A. 2005. Primitive new ants in Cretaceous amber from Myanmar, New Jersey, and Canada (Hymenoptrea: Formicidae). American Museum Novitates 3485: 1-24]] ({{doi|10.1206/0003-0082(2005)485[0001:PNAICA]2.0.CO;2}}). (page 7, fig. 5 worker described)<br />
*[[Media:Sosiak, C., Cockx, P. et al. 2024. Prolonged faunal turnover in earliest ants (10.1016@j.cub.2024.02.058).pdf|Sosiak, C., Cockx, P., Suarez, P.A., McKellar, R., Barden, P. 2024. Prolonged faunal turnover in earliest ants revealed by North American Cretaceous amber. Current Biology]] ({{doi|10.1016/j.cub.2024.02.058}}).<br />
<br />
[[category:Species]]<br />
[[category:Extinct species]][[category:Fossil]]<br />
[[category:Formicidae]][[category:Sphecomyrminae]][[category:Sphecomyrmini]][[category:Sphecomyrma]][[category:Sphecomyrma mesaki]]<br />
[[category:Sphecomyrminae fossils]][[category:Sphecomyrmini fossils]][[category:Sphecomyrma fossils|mesaki]]<br />
[[category:Need Overview]][[category:Need Body Text]]</div>SShattuckhttps://antwiki.org/wiki/index.php?title=Sphecomyrma_freyi&diff=709240Sphecomyrma freyi2024-03-28T05:40:52Z<p>SShattuck: Add reference from PDF.</p>
<hr />
<div>{{Italic title}}<br />
{{Taxobox<br />
|name = †''Sphecomyrma freyi''<br />
|image = Sphecomyrma freyi worker no 1 holotype (Wilson, Carpenter and Brown 1967).jpg<br />
|image_width = {{width}}<br />
|fossil_range = {{Raritan (New Jersey) amber fossil}}<br />
|regnum = [[Animal]]ia<br />
|phylum = [[Arthropod]]a<br />
|classis = [[Insect]]a<br />
|ordo = [[Hymenoptera]]<br />
|familia = [[Formicidae]]<br />
|subfamilia = [[Sphecomyrminae]]<br />
|tribus = [[Sphecomyrmini]]<br />
|genus = ''[[Sphecomyrma]]''<br />
|species = †'''''S. freyi'''''<br />
|binomial = †''Sphecomyrma freyi''<br />
|binomial_authority = Wilson & Brown, 1967<br />
----<br />
[[File:Sphecomyrma freyi worker no 2 paratype (Wilson, Carpenter and Brown 1967).jpg|{{width}}]]<br />
}}<br />
==Identification==<br />
<gallery><br />
File:Sphecomyrma freyi worker no 1 drawing (Wilson, Carpenter and Brown 1967).jpg|''Specomyrma freyi'' drawing<br />
</gallery><br />
<br />
==Distribution==<br />
This taxon was described from {{Raritan (New Jersey) amber}}.<br />
<br />
==Castes==<br />
<br />
==Nomenclature==<br />
{{Nomenclature}}<br />
*†''<span style='color:red;font-weight:bold;'>freyi.</span> †Sphecomyrma freyi'' Wilson & Brown, in Wilson, Carpenter & Brown, 1967: 8, pls. 1-4, figs. 1, 2 (w.) U.S.A. (Cretaceous). Designation of neotype: Grimaldi, Agosti & Carpenter, 1997: 12. See also: Engel & Grimaldi, 2005: 9.<br />
<br />
===Type Material===<br />
*{{TypeSpecimen<br />
|publishedname=<br />
|status=neotype<br />
|statuspublication=Grimaldi et al., 1997: 12<br />
|material=worker<br />
|locality=Sunrise Landing, E. Brunswick, Middlesex Co., New Jersey<br />
|country=United States<br />
|coordinates=<!--{{Inline coordinates|||0|NS|||0|EW}}--><br />
|collector=Case, Borodin, Leggett<br />
|collectiondate=Dec. 1994<br />
|specimenidentifier=AMNH No. NJ-112<br />
|institution={{MCZC}}<br />
|notes=<br />
}}<br />
<br />
===Description===<br />
<br />
==References==<br />
*[[Media:Barden, P. 2017. Fossil ants ancient diversity and the rise of modern lineages.pdf|Barden, P. 2017. Fossil ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae): ancient diversity and the rise of modern lineages. Myrmecological News 24: 1-30.]]<br />
*[[Media:Barden, P., Engel, M.S. 2020. Fossil social insects (10.1007@978-3-319-90306-4_45-1).pdf|Barden, P., Engel, M.S. 2020. Fossil social insects. Encyclopedia of Social Insects, Springer, Cham]] ({{doi|10.1007/978-3-319-90306-4_45-1}}).<br />
*[[Media:Boudinot, B.E., Perrichot, V. et al. 2020. †Camelosphecia gen. nov., lost ant-wasp intermediates from the mid-Cretaceous (10.3897@zookeys.1005.57629).pdf|Boudinot, B.E., Perrichot, V., Chaul, J.C.M. 2020. †''Camelosphecia'' gen. nov., lost ant-wasp intermediates from the mid-Cretaceous (Hymenoptera, Formicoidea). ZooKeys 1005, 21–55]] ({{doi|10.3897/zookeys.1005.57629}}).<br />
*[[Media:Chaul, J.C.M. 2023. A revision of the Cretaceous ant genus Zigrasimecia (10.11646@zootaxa.5325.3.1).pdf|Chaul, J.C.M. 2023. A revision of the Cretaceous ant genus ''Zigrasimecia'' Barden & Grimaldi, 2013 (Hymenoptera: Formicidae: †Zigrasimeciinae). Zootaxa 5325(3), 301–341]] ({{doi|10.11646/zootaxa.5325.3.1}}).<br />
*Grimaldi, D.; Agosti, D.; Carpenter, J. M. 1997. New and rediscovered primitive ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) in Cretaceous amber from New Jersey, and their phylogenetic relationships. American Museum Novitates 3208: 1-43 (page 12, Designation of neotype)<br />
*[[Media:Richter, A., Boudinot, B. et al. 2022. The first reconstruction of the head anatomy of a Cretaceous insect, Gerontoformica gracilis (10.1093@isd@ixac013).pdf|Richter, A., Boudinot, B., Yamamoto, S., Katzke, J., Beutel, R. G. 2022. The first reconstruction of the head anatomy of a Cretaceous insect, †''Gerontoformica gracilis'' (Hymenoptera: Formicidae), and the early evolution of ants. Insect Systematics and Diversity 6(5): 1-80]] ({{doi|10.1093/isd/ixac013}}).<br />
*[[Media:Sosiak, C., Cockx, P. et al. 2024. Prolonged faunal turnover in earliest ants (10.1016@j.cub.2024.02.058).pdf|Sosiak, C., Cockx, P., Suarez, P.A., McKellar, R., Barden, P. 2024. Prolonged faunal turnover in earliest ants revealed by North American Cretaceous amber. Current Biology]] ({{doi|10.1016/j.cub.2024.02.058}}).<br />
*[[Media:Wilson & Brown 1967.pdf|Wilson, E. O.; Brown, W. L., Jr. 1967. [Untitled. Descriptions of new taxa: Sphecomyrminae Wilson and Brown, new subfamily; Sphecomyrma Wilson and Brown, new genus; Sphecomyrma freyi Wilson and Brown, new species.]. Pp. 6-10 in: Wilson, E. O., Carpenter, F. M., Brown, W. L., Jr. The first Mesozoic ants, with the description of a new subfamily. Psyche (Camb.) 74:1-19.]] (page 8, pls. 1-4, figs. 1, 2 worker described)<br />
<br />
[[category:Species]]<br />
[[category:Extinct species]][[category:Fossil]]<br />
[[category:Formicidae]][[category:Sphecomyrminae]][[category:Sphecomyrmini]][[category:Sphecomyrma]][[category:Sphecomyrma freyi]]<br />
[[category:Sphecomyrminae fossils]][[category:Sphecomyrmini fossils]][[category:Sphecomyrma fossils|freyi]]<br />
[[category:Need Overview]][[category:Need Body Text]]</div>SShattuckhttps://antwiki.org/wiki/index.php?title=Sphecomyrma&diff=709239Sphecomyrma2024-03-28T05:39:24Z<p>SShattuck: Add reference from PDF.</p>
<hr />
<div>{{Italic title}}<br />
{{Taxobox<br />
|name = †''Sphecomyrma''<br />
|fossil_range = {{Raritan (New Jersey) amber fossil}}<br />
|regnum = [[Animal]]ia<br />
|phylum = [[Arthropod]]a<br />
|classis = [[Insect]]a<br />
|ordo = [[Hymenoptera]]<br />
|familia = [[Formicidae]]<br />
|subfamilia = [[Sphecomyrminae]]<br />
|tribus = [[Sphecomyrmini]]<br />
|genus = †'''''Sphecomyrma'''''<br />
|image = Sphecomyrma freyi.jpg<br />
|image_width = {{width}}<br />
|image_caption = ''[[Sphecomyrma freyi]]''<br />
|genus_authority = Wilson & Brown, 1967<br />
|type_species =''[[Sphecomyrma freyi]]''<br />
|diversity_link = :category:List of species<br />
|diversity = {{Species Diversity|Fossil=Only}}<br />
}}<br />
==Identification==<br />
<br />
==Distribution==<br />
This taxon is known from {{Raritan (New Jersey) amber}}.<br />
<br />
==Castes==<br />
<br />
==Nomenclature==<br />
{{Nomenclature}}<br />
*†''<span style='color:red;font-weight:bold;'>SPHECOMYRMA </span>''[†Sphecomyrminae: †Sphecomyrmini]<br />
**†''Sphecomyrma'' Wilson & Brown, in Wilson, Carpenter & Brown, 1967: 8. Type-species: †''Sphecomyrma freyi'', by original designation. <br />
'''Taxonomic history'''<br />
*†''Sphecomyrma'' in †Sphecomyrmidae: Dlussky, 1987: 132; Dlussky & Fedoseeva, 1988: 77.<br />
*†''Sphecomyrma'' in †Sphecomyrminae: Wilson, et al. 1967: 6; Wilson, 1987: 49; Hölldobler & Wilson, 1990: 9; Bolton, 1994: 187; Grimaldi, et al. 1997: 7.<br />
*†''Sphecomyrma'' in †Sphecomyrminae, *Sphecomyrmini: Bolton, 2003: 261; Borysenko, 2017: 15.<br />
*†''Sphecomyrma'' as genus: all authors.<br />
*†''Sphecomyrma'' catalogues: Bolton, 1995b: 392.<br />
*†''Sphecomyrma'' references: Wilson, et al. 1967: 12 (phylogeny); Wilson, 1987: 49 (review of genus); Grimaldi, et al. 1997: 9 (review of genus); Engel & Grimaldi, 2005: 7 (diagnosis, all species key); Borysenko, 2017: 15.<br />
<br />
==References==<br />
*[[Media:Barden, P. 2017. Fossil ants ancient diversity and the rise of modern lineages.pdf|Barden, P. 2017. Fossil ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae): ancient diversity and the rise of modern lineages. Myrmecological News 24: 1-30.]]<br />
*[[Media:Barden, P., Engel, M.S. 2020. Fossil social insects (10.1007@978-3-319-90306-4_45-1).pdf|Barden, P., Engel, M.S. 2020. Fossil social insects. Encyclopedia of Social Insects, Springer, Cham]] ({{doi|10.1007/978-3-319-90306-4_45-1}}).<br />
*Bolton, B. 1994. Identification guide to the ant genera of the world. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 222 pp. (page 187, Sphecomyrma in Sphecomyrminae)<br />
*Bolton, B. 1995b. A new general catalogue of the ants of the world. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 504 pp. (page 392, Sphecomyrma in Sphecomyrminae)<br />
*Bolton, B. 2003. Synopsis and Classification of Formicidae. Mem. Am. Entomol. Inst. 71: 370pp (page 262, Sphecomyrma in Sphecomyrminae, Sphecomyrmini)<br />
*[[Media:Borysenko, L.H. 2017. Description of a new genus of primitive ants from Canadian amber, with the study of relationships between stem- and crown-group ants.pdf|Borysenko, L.H. 2017. Description of a new genus of primitive ants from Canadian amber, with the study of relationships between stem- and crown-group ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). Insecta Mundi 570: 1–57.]]<br />
*[[Media:Boudinot, B.E., Perrichot, V. et al. 2020. †Camelosphecia gen. nov., lost ant-wasp intermediates from the mid-Cretaceous (10.3897@zookeys.1005.57629).pdf|Boudinot, B.E., Perrichot, V., Chaul, J.C.M. 2020. †''Camelosphecia'' gen. nov., lost ant-wasp intermediates from the mid-Cretaceous (Hymenoptera, Formicoidea). ZooKeys 1005, 21–55]] ({{doi|10.3897/zookeys.1005.57629}}).<br />
*[[Media:Boudinot, B.E., Richter, A. et al. 2022. Evidence for the evolution of eusociality in stem ants (10.1093@zoolinnean@zlab097@6523228).pdf|Boudinot, B.E., Richter, A., Katzke, J., Chaul, J.C.M., Keller, R.A., Economo, E.P., Beutel, R.G., Yamamoto, S. 2022. Evidence for the evolution of eusociality in stem ants and a systematic revision of †''Gerontoformica'' (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society XX:1-35]] ({{doi|10.1093/zoolinnean/zlab097/6523228}}).<br />
*[[Media:Cantone, S., Von Zuben, C.J. 2019. The hindwings of ants (10.1155@2019@7929717).pdf|Cantone, S., Von Zuben, C.J. 2019. The hindwings of ants: A phylogenetic analysis. Psyche: A Journal of Entomology 2019, 1–11]] ({{doi|10.1155/2019/7929717}}).<br />
*Dlussky, G. M. 1987. New Formicoidea (Hymenoptera) of the Upper Cretaceous. Paleontol. Zh. 1987(1 1: 131-135 (page 132, Sphecomyrma in Sphecomyrmidae)<br />
*Dlussky, G. M.; Fedoseeva, E. B. 1988. Origin and early stages of evolution in ants. Pp. 70-144 in: Ponomarenko, A. G. (ed.) Cretaceous biocenotic crisis and insect evolution. Moskva: Nauka, 232 pp. (page 77, Sphecomyrma in Sphecomyrmidae)<br />
*Grimaldi, D.; Agosti, D.; Carpenter, J. M. 1997. New and rediscovered primitive ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) in Cretaceous amber from New Jersey, and their phylogenetic relationships. American Museum Novitates 3208: 1-43 (page 7, Sphecomyrma in Sphecomyrminae)<br />
*Grimaldi, D.; Agosti, D.; Carpenter, J. M. 1997. New and rediscovered primitive ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) in Cretaceous amber from New Jersey, and their phylogenetic relationships. American Museum Novitates 3208: 1-43 (page 9, review of genus)<br />
*Hölldobler, B.; Wilson, E. O. 1990. The ants. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, xii + 732 pp. (page 9, Sphecomyrma in Sphecomyrminae)<br />
*[[Media:Krynicki, V.E. 2013. Primitive ants (Hymenoptera Sphecomyrminae) in the Campanian (Late Cretaceous) of North Carolina (USA).pdf|Krynicki, V.E. 2013. Primitive ants (Hymenoptera: Sphecomyrminae) in the Campanian (Late Cretaceous) of North Carolina (USA). Life: The Excitement of Biology 1, 156-165.]]<br />
*[[Media:Sosiak, C., Cockx, P. et al. 2024. Prolonged faunal turnover in earliest ants (10.1016@j.cub.2024.02.058).pdf|Sosiak, C., Cockx, P., Suarez, P.A., McKellar, R., Barden, P. 2024. Prolonged faunal turnover in earliest ants revealed by North American Cretaceous amber. Current Biology]] ({{doi|10.1016/j.cub.2024.02.058}}).<br />
*Wilson, E. O. 1987b. The earliest known ants: an analysis of the Cretaceous species and an inference concerning their social organization. Paleobiol. 13: 44-53 (page 49, review of genus)<br />
*Wilson, E. O. 1987b. The earliest known ants: an analysis of the Cretaceous species and an inference concerning their social organization. Paleobiol. 13: 44-53 (page 49, Sphecomyrma in Sphecomyrminae)<br />
*Wilson, E. O.; Brown, W. L., Jr. 1967. [Untitled. Descriptions of new taxa: Sphecomyrminae Wilson and Brown, new subfamily; Sphecomyrma Wilson and Brown, new genus; Sphecomyrma freyi Wilson and Brown, new species.]. Pp. 6-10 in: Wilson, E. O., Carpenter, (page 8, Sphecomyrma as genus)<br />
*Wilson, E. O.; Carpenter, F. M.; Brown, W. L., Jr. 1967a. The first Mesozoic ants, with the description of a new subfamily. Psyche (Camb.) 74: 1-19 (page 12, p<br />
*Wilson, E. O.; Carpenter, F. M.; Brown, W. L., Jr. 1967a. The first Mesozoic ants, with the description of a new subfamily. Psyche (Camb.) 74: 1-19 (page 6, Sphecomyrma in Sphecomyrminae)<br />
hylogeny)<br />
<br />
<br />
[[category:Genus]]<br />
[[category:Extinct genus]][[category:Fossil]]<br />
[[category:Formicidae]][[category:Sphecomyrminae]][[category:Sphecomyrmini]][[category:Sphecomyrma]]<br />
[[category:Sphecomyrminae fossil genera]][[category:Sphecomyrmini fossil genera]]<br />
[[category:Need Overview]][[category:Need Body Text]]</div>SShattuckhttps://antwiki.org/wiki/index.php?title=Sphecomyrma_nexa&diff=709238Sphecomyrma nexa2024-03-28T05:39:03Z<p>SShattuck: Created page with "{{Italic title}} {{Taxobox |name = †''Sphecomyrma nexa'' |fossil_range = {{North Carolina amber fossil}} |regnum = Animalia |phylum = Arthropoda |classis = Insecta |ordo = Hymenoptera |familia = Formicidae |subfamilia = Sphecomyrminae |tribus = Sphecomyrmini |genus = ''Sphecomyrma'' |species = †'''''S. nexa''''' |binomial = †''Sphecomyrma nexa'' |binomial_authority = Sosiak, Cockx, Suarez, McKellar & Barden, 2024 }} ==Identification=..."</p>
<hr />
<div>{{Italic title}}<br />
{{Taxobox<br />
|name = †''Sphecomyrma nexa''<br />
|fossil_range = {{North Carolina amber fossil}}<br />
|regnum = [[Animal]]ia<br />
|phylum = [[Arthropod]]a<br />
|classis = [[Insect]]a<br />
|ordo = [[Hymenoptera]]<br />
|familia = [[Formicidae]]<br />
|subfamilia = [[Sphecomyrminae]]<br />
|tribus = [[Sphecomyrmini]]<br />
|genus = ''[[Sphecomyrma]]''<br />
|species = †'''''S. nexa'''''<br />
|binomial = †''Sphecomyrma nexa''<br />
|binomial_authority = Sosiak, Cockx, Suarez, McKellar & Barden, 2024<br />
}}<br />
==Identification==<br />
Generally very morphologically similar to ''[[Sphecomyrma freyi]]'', though distinct from ''[[Sphecomyrma mesaki]]'' in size and several morphological characters. ''S. nexa'' may be distinguished from ''S. freyi'' by the presence of an anterior-facing triangular spicule-like subpetiolar process in ''S. nexa'', which ''S. freyi'' lacks; ''S. freyi'' additionally has a slightly more rounded petiolar node than ''S. nexa''. The two species are extremely similar in size and proportion. ''S. mesaki'' is approximately twice the size of ''S. nexa''; it may also be distinguished by a proportionally shorter scape in ''S. mesaki'', and presence of an extended medial clypeal lobe in ''S. mesaki'', which ''S. nexa'' lacks.<br />
<br />
''S. nexa'', while being morphologically similar to both known ''Sphecomyrma'' species, is exceptionally similar to ''S. freyi''. However, the geographical and temporal separation of the two species, in combination with the presence of a subpetiolar spicule in ''S. nexa'', allows differentiation between the two groups.<br />
<br />
==Distribution==<br />
This taxon was described from {{North Carolina amber}}.<br />
<br />
==Castes==<br />
<br />
==Nomenclature==<br />
{{Nomenclature}}<br />
*†''{{RedText|nexa}}. †Sphecomyrma nexa'' Sosiak et al., 2024: 2, 10, figs. 1A, 1B, S1 (w.) U.S.A. (North Carolina, Cretaceous).<br />
<br />
===Type Material===<br />
*Holotype, specimen AMNH-NC-515 from Campanian amber of North Carolina. Single female worker, in small semi-cylindrical piece of dark yellow to orange amber, some fractures and resin textures obscuring specimen.<br />
<br />
<!--Un-comment this template when adding type specimen data<br />
*{{TypeSpecimen<br />
|publishedname=<br />
|status=<br />
|statuspublication=<br />
|material=<br />
|locality=Neuse River near Goldsboro, North Carolina<br />
|country=United States (Cretaceous)<br />
|coordinates={{Inline coordinates|||0|NS|||0|EW}} COMMENT OUT IF UNKNOWN<br />
|collector=<br />
|collectiondate=<br />
|specimenidentifier=<br />
|institution=<br />
|notes=<br />
}}<br />
--><br />
===Description===<br />
<br />
==References==<br />
*[[Media:Sosiak, C., Cockx, P. et al. 2024. Prolonged faunal turnover in earliest ants (10.1016@j.cub.2024.02.058).pdf|Sosiak, C., Cockx, P., Suarez, P.A., McKellar, R., Barden, P. 2024. Prolonged faunal turnover in earliest ants revealed by North American Cretaceous amber. Current Biology]] ({{doi|10.1016/j.cub.2024.02.058}}).<br />
<br />
[[category:Species]]<br />
[[category:Extinct species]][[category:Fossil]]<br />
[[category:Formicidae]][[category:Sphecomyrminae]][[category:Sphecomyrmini]][[category:Sphecomyrma]][[category:Sphecomyrma nexa]]<br />
[[category:Sphecomyrminae fossils]][[category:Sphecomyrmini fossils]][[category:Sphecomyrma fossils|nexa]]</div>SShattuckhttps://antwiki.org/wiki/index.php?title=Haidoterminus_cippus&diff=709237Haidoterminus cippus2024-03-28T05:37:53Z<p>SShattuck: Add reference from PDF.</p>
<hr />
<div>{{Italic title}}<br />
{{Taxobox<br />
|name = †''Haidoterminus cippus''<br />
|image = McKellar, Glasier & Engel 2013b-6Haidoterminus-cippus1.jpg<br />
|image_width = {{width}}<br />
|fossil_range = {{Foremost Formation fossil}}<br />
|regnum = [[Animal]]ia<br />
|phylum = [[Arthropod]]a<br />
|classis = [[Insect]]a<br />
|ordo = [[Hymenoptera]]<br />
|familia = [[Formicidae]]<br />
|subfamilia = †[[Haidomyrmecinae]]<br />
|genus = ''[[Haidoterminus]]''<br />
|species = †'''''H. cippus'''''<br />
|binomial = †''Haidoterminus cippus''<br />
|binomial_authority = McKellar, Glasier & Engel, 2013<br />
----<br />
[[File:McKellar, Glasier & Engel 2013b-6Haidoterminus-cippus2.jpg|{{width}}]]<br />
<br />
[[File:McKellar, Glasier & Engel 2013b-7Haidoterminus-cippus1.jpg|{{width}}]]<br />
<br />
[[File:McKellar, Glasier & Engel 2013b-7Haidoterminus-cippus2.jpg|{{width}}]]<br />
}}<br />
==Identification==<br />
<br />
==Distribution==<br />
This taxon was described from Grassy Lake amber ({{Foremost Formation}}).<br />
<br />
==Castes==<br />
<br />
==Nomenclature==<br />
{{Nomenclature}}<br />
*†''<span style='color:red;font-weight:bold;'>cippus.</span> Haidoterminus cippus'' McKellar, Glasier & Engel, 2013: 458, figs. 1-3 (w.) CANADIAN AMBER (Cretaceous).<br />
**See also: Perrichot, Wang & Barden, 2020.<br />
<br />
===Type Material===<br />
*{{TypeSpecimen<br />
|publishedname=<br />
|status=holotype<br />
|statuspublication=<br />
|material=worker<br />
|locality=Grassy Lake amber, Alberta (Late Cretaceous, Campanian, Foremost Formation (ca. 79 Ma))<br />
|country=Canada<br />
|coordinates=<br />
|collector=<br />
|collectiondate=<br />
|specimenidentifier=UASM 332546<br />
|institution=University of Alberta Strickland Entomology Museum, Edmonton, Canada<br />
|notes=<br />
}}<br />
<br />
===Description===<br />
<br />
==References==<br />
*[[Media:Barden, P. 2017. Fossil ants ancient diversity and the rise of modern lineages.pdf|Barden, P. 2017. Fossil ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae): ancient diversity and the rise of modern lineages. Myrmecological News 24: 1-30.]]<br />
*[[Media:Boudinot, B.E., Perrichot, V. et al. 2020. †Camelosphecia gen. nov., lost ant-wasp intermediates from the mid-Cretaceous (10.3897@zookeys.1005.57629).pdf|Boudinot, B.E., Perrichot, V., Chaul, J.C.M. 2020. †''Camelosphecia'' gen. nov., lost ant-wasp intermediates from the mid-Cretaceous (Hymenoptera, Formicoidea). ZooKeys 1005, 21–55]] ({{doi|10.3897/zookeys.1005.57629}}).<br />
*[[Media:McKellar, Glasier & Engel 2013b.pdf|McKellar, R. C.; Glasier, J. R. N.; Engel, M. S. 2013. A new trap-jawed ant (Hymenoptera: Formicidae: Haidomyrmecini) from Canadian Late Cretaceous amber. Canadian Entomologist 145:454-465.]]<br />
*[[Media:Perrichot, V., Wang, B. et al. 2020. New remarkable hell ants (10.1016@j.cretres.2020.104381).pdf|Perrichot, V., Wang, B., Barden, P. 2020. New remarkable hell ants (Formicidae: Haidomyrmecinae stat. nov.) from mid-Cretaceous amber of northern Myanmar. Cretaceous Research 109, 104381]] ({{doi|10.1016/j.cretres.2020.104381}}).<br />
*[[Media:Sosiak, C., Cockx, P. et al. 2024. Prolonged faunal turnover in earliest ants (10.1016@j.cub.2024.02.058).pdf|Sosiak, C., Cockx, P., Suarez, P.A., McKellar, R., Barden, P. 2024. Prolonged faunal turnover in earliest ants revealed by North American Cretaceous amber. Current Biology]] ({{doi|10.1016/j.cub.2024.02.058}}).<br />
<br />
[[category:Species]]<br />
[[category:Extinct species]][[category:Fossil]]<br />
[[category:Haidomyrmecinae]][[category:Haidoterminus]][[category:Haidoterminus cippus]]<br />
[[category:Haidomyrmecinae fossils]][[category:Haidoterminus fossils|cippus]]<br />
[[category:Need Overview]][[category:Need Body Text]]</div>SShattuckhttps://antwiki.org/wiki/index.php?title=Haidoterminus&diff=709236Haidoterminus2024-03-28T05:36:31Z<p>SShattuck: Add reference from PDF.</p>
<hr />
<div>{{Italic title}}<br />
{{Taxobox<br />
|name = †''Haidoterminus''<br />
|image = McKellar, Glasier & Engel 2013b-6Haidoterminus-cippus1.jpg<br />
|image_width = {{width}}<br />
|fossil_range = {{Foremost Formation fossil}}<br />
|regnum = [[Animal]]ia<br />
|phylum = [[Arthropod]]a<br />
|classis = [[Insect]]a<br />
|ordo = [[Hymenoptera]]<br />
|familia = [[Formicidae]]<br />
|subfamilia = †[[Haidomyrmecinae]]<br />
|genus = †'''''Haidoterminus'''''<br />
|genus_authority = McKellar, Glasier & Engel, 2013<br />
|type_species =†''[[Haidoterminus cippus]]''<br />
|diversity_link = :category:List of species<br />
|diversity = {{Species Diversity|Fossil=Only}}<br />
----<br />
[[File:McKellar, Glasier & Engel 2013b-6Haidoterminus-cippus2.jpg|{{width}}]]<br />
<br />
[[File:McKellar, Glasier & Engel 2013b-7Haidoterminus-cippus1.jpg|{{width}}]]<br />
<br />
[[File:McKellar, Glasier & Engel 2013b-7Haidoterminus-cippus2.jpg|{{width}}]]<br />
}}<br />
==Identification==<br />
<br />
==Distribution==<br />
This taxon is known from {{Foremost Formation}}.<br />
<br />
==Castes==<br />
<br />
==Nomenclature==<br />
{{Nomenclature}}<br />
*†''<span style='color:red;font-weight:bold;'>HAIDOTERMINUS </span>''[†Haidomyrmecinae] <br />
**†''Haidoterminus'' McKellar, Glasier & Engel, 2013: 457. Type-species: †''Haidoterminus cippus'', by original designation. <br />
'''Taxonomic history'''<br />
*†''Haidoterminus'' in †Sphecomyrminae, †Haidomyrmecini: McKellar, et al. 2013b: 457; Borysenko, 2017: 18.<br />
*†''Haidoterminus'' as genus: all authors.<br />
*†''Haidoterminus'' in †Haidomyrmecinae: Perrichot, Wang & Barden, 2020: 3.<br />
<br />
==References==<br />
*[[Media:Barden, P. 2017. Fossil ants ancient diversity and the rise of modern lineages.pdf|Barden, P. 2017. Fossil ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae): ancient diversity and the rise of modern lineages. Myrmecological News 24: 1-30.]]<br />
*[[Media:Borysenko, L.H. 2017. Description of a new genus of primitive ants from Canadian amber, with the study of relationships between stem- and crown-group ants.pdf|Borysenko, L.H. 2017. Description of a new genus of primitive ants from Canadian amber, with the study of relationships between stem- and crown-group ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). Insecta Mundi 570: 1–57.]]<br />
*[[Media:Boudinot, B.E., Perrichot, V. et al. 2020. †Camelosphecia gen. nov., lost ant-wasp intermediates from the mid-Cretaceous (10.3897@zookeys.1005.57629).pdf|Boudinot, B.E., Perrichot, V., Chaul, J.C.M. 2020. †''Camelosphecia'' gen. nov., lost ant-wasp intermediates from the mid-Cretaceous (Hymenoptera, Formicoidea). ZooKeys 1005, 21–55]] ({{doi|10.3897/zookeys.1005.57629}}).<br />
*[[Media:Boudinot, B.E., Richter, A. et al. 2022. Evidence for the evolution of eusociality in stem ants (10.1093@zoolinnean@zlab097@6523228).pdf|Boudinot, B.E., Richter, A., Katzke, J., Chaul, J.C.M., Keller, R.A., Economo, E.P., Beutel, R.G., Yamamoto, S. 2022. Evidence for the evolution of eusociality in stem ants and a systematic revision of †''Gerontoformica'' (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society XX:1-35]] ({{doi|10.1093/zoolinnean/zlab097/6523228}}).<br />
*[[Media:McKellar, Glasier & Engel 2013b.pdf|McKellar, R. C.; Glasier, J. R. N.; Engel, M. S. 2013. A new trap-jawed ant (Hymenoptera: Formicidae: Haidomyrmecini) from Canadian Late Cretaceous amber. Canadian Entomologist 145:454-465.]]<br />
*[[Media:Perrichot, V., Wang, B. et al. 2020. New remarkable hell ants (10.1016@j.cretres.2020.104381).pdf|Perrichot, V., Wang, B., Barden, P. 2020. New remarkable hell ants (Formicidae: Haidomyrmecinae stat. nov.) from mid-Cretaceous amber of northern Myanmar. Cretaceous Research 109, 104381]] ({{doi|10.1016/j.cretres.2020.104381}}).<br />
*[[Media:Sosiak, C., Cockx, P. et al. 2024. Prolonged faunal turnover in earliest ants (10.1016@j.cub.2024.02.058).pdf|Sosiak, C., Cockx, P., Suarez, P.A., McKellar, R., Barden, P. 2024. Prolonged faunal turnover in earliest ants revealed by North American Cretaceous amber. Current Biology]] ({{doi|10.1016/j.cub.2024.02.058}}).<br />
<br />
<br />
[[category:Genus]]<br />
[[category:Extinct genus]][[category:Fossil]]<br />
[[category:Haidomyrmecinae]][[category:Haidoterminus]]<br />
[[category:Haidomyrmecinae fossil genera]]<br />
[[category:Need Overview]][[category:Need Body Text]]</div>SShattuckhttps://antwiki.org/wiki/index.php?title=Gerontoformica&diff=709235Gerontoformica2024-03-28T05:35:02Z<p>SShattuck: Add reference from PDF.</p>
<hr />
<div>{{Italic title}}<br />
{{Taxobox<br />
|name = †''Gerontoformica''<br />
|fossil_range = {{Geological range AWCretaceous|100|98}}Late Albian to Early Cenomanian, Cretaceous to Early Cenomanian, Late Cretaceous<br />
|image = Gerontoformica cretacica.jpg<br />
|image_caption = ''[[Gerontoformica cretacica]]''<br />
|image_width = {{width}}<br />
|regnum = [[Animal]]ia<br />
|phylum = [[Arthropod]]a<br />
|classis = [[Insect]]a<br />
|ordo = [[Hymenoptera]]<br />
|familia = [[Formicidae]]<br />
|subfamilia = [[Sphecomyrminae]]<br />
|tribus = [[Sphecomyrmini]]<br />
|genus = †'''''Gerontoformica'''''<br />
|genus_authority = Nel & Perrault, 2004<br />
|type_species =''[[Gerontoformica cretacica]]''<br />
|diversity_link = :category:List of species<br />
|diversity = {{Species Diversity|Fossil=Only}}<br />
|synonyms =<br />
†''[[Sphecomyrmodes]]'' Engel & Grimaldi, 2005<br />
}}<br />
{{Photo Gallery<br />
|name1 = Gerontoformica, Burmese-amber.com (1).jpg<br />
|name2 = Gerontoformica, Burmese-amber.com (2).jpg<br />
|name3 = Gerontoformica, Burmese-amber.com (5).jpg<br />
|name4 = Gerontoformica, Burmese-amber.com (3).jpg<br />
|name5 = Gerontoformica, Burmese-amber.com (4).jpg<br />
}}<br />
{{Photo Gallery |noheading=yes<br />
|name1=Chaul, J.C.M. 2023. A revision of the Cretaceous ant genus Zigrasimecia (10.11646@zootaxa.5325.3.1), Fig. 2.jpg<br />
|comment1=Chaul (2023), Fig. 2. Masticatory margin of mandible in ''Gerontoformica'' and ''Zigrasimecia''. A, ''Gerontoformica'' sp. (ANTWEB1032629); B, ''Z. ferox'' (ANTWEB1008126); C, ''Z. chuyangsui'' (ANTWEB1032660); D, ''Z. tonsora'' (ANTWEB11008098). Black triangles indicate incision between apical and basal teeth (or basal lamella). Image of ''Z. tonsora'' by Philip Barden and image of ''Z. ferox'' by Vincent Perrichot, courtesy of Antweb.org.<br />
|size1=450px<br />
|name2=Chaul, J.C.M. 2023. A revision of the Cretaceous ant genus Zigrasimecia (10.11646@zootaxa.5325.3.1), Fig. 3.jpg<br />
|comment2=Chaul (2023), Fig. 3. Comparison between ''Gerontoformica'' and ''Zigrasimecia'' cephalic and mandibular morphology (see genus diagnosis above for detailed explanation). A and C, schematic drawing of full-face view of ''Gerontoformica'' and ''Zigrasimecia'', respectively. B and D, lateral view of anterior head of ''Gerontoformica'' (ANTWEB1032649) and ''Zigrasimecia'' (ANTWEB1032623), respectively. Abbreviations: cl, clypeus; cllb, clypeal lobe; dsm, dorsal surface of mandible; fcr, frontal carina; plstf, pleurostomal fossa; tl, torulus. In D, white line indicates plane (as seen laterally) of labrum; gray line is the plane (as seen laterally) of the apical half surface of the mandible; and black line shows the strong mandible curvature.<br />
|size2=450px<br />
|name3=Chaul, J.C.M. 2023. A revision of the Cretaceous ant genus Zigrasimecia (10.11646@zootaxa.5325.3.1), Fig. 4.jpg<br />
|comment3=Chaul (2023), Fig. 4. Ventral view of the head of ''Gerontoformica'' (A) and ''Zigrasimecia'' (B). Abbreviations: cllb, clypeal lobe; dsm, dorsal surface of mandible; lb, labrum; oc, occipital carina; pgs, postgenal suture; plstf, pleurostomal fossa.<br />
|size3=450px<br />
|name4=Chaul, J.C.M. 2023. A revision of the Cretaceous ant genus Zigrasimecia (10.11646@zootaxa.5325.3.1), Fig. 5.jpg<br />
|comment4=Chaul (2023), Fig. 5. Types of mesosoma in fossil and extant ants. A, ''Gerontoformica''; B, ''Protozigrasimecia''; C, ''Zigrasimecia''; D, ''Brownimecia''; E, ''Brachyponera'' and F, ''Discothyrea''. Among extant ants, ''Discothyrea'' presents a degree of mesosomal compaction similar to that of ''Zigrasimecia''. Abbreviations: Lmspl, lower mesopleuron; Lmtpl, lower metapleuron; mgo, metapleural gland opening; Msn, mesonotum; Mspl, mesopleuron; Mssct, mesoscutum; Mssctl, mesoscutellum; Mtn, metanotum; Ppd, propodeum; Prn, pronotum; Prpl, propleuron, sp, spiracle; Umspl, upper mesopleuron; Umtpl, upper metapleuron.<br />
|size4=450px<br />
}}<br />
<br />
==Identification==<br />
<br />
==Distribution==<br />
This taxon is known from {{Burmese amber}} and {{Charentese amber}}.<br />
<br />
==Castes==<br />
<br />
==Nomenclature==<br />
{{Nomenclature}}<br />
*†''<span style='color:red;font-weight:bold;'>GERONTOFORMICA</span>'' [†Sphecomyrminae: †Sphecomyrmini]] <br />
**†''Gerontoformica'' Nel & Perrault, in Nel, Perrault, Perrichot & Néraudeau, 2004: 24. Type-species: †''Gerontoformica cretacica'', by original designation.<br />
*'''Taxonomic history'''<br />
**†''Gerontoformica'' ''incertae sedis'' in Formicidae: Nel, et al. 2004: 24.<br />
**†''Gerontoformica'' in †Sphecomyrminae: Perrichot, 2014: 168 (in text).<br />
**†''Gerontoformica'' in †Sphecomyrminae, †Sphecomyrmini: Borysenko, 2017: 15<br />
**†''Gerontoformica'' as senior synonym of †Sphecomyrmodes: Barden & Grimaldi, 2016: 4, and in supplemental information (not paginated).<br />
*†''SPHECOMYRMODES'' [junior synonym of †''Gerontoformica'']<br />
**†''Sphecomyrmodes'' Engel & Grimaldi, 2005: 5. Type-species: †''Sphecomyrmodes orientalis'', by original designation.<br />
*'''Taxonomic history'''<br />
**†''Sphecomyrmodes'' in †Sphecomyrminae: Engel & Grimaldi, 2005: 5.<br />
**†''Sphecomyrmodes'' as genus: Barden & Grimaldi, 2014: 18.<br />
**†''Sphecomyrmodes'' as junior synonym of †''Gerontoformica'': Barden & Grimaldi, 2016: 4, and in supplemental information (not paginated).<br />
**†''Sphecomyrmodes'' references: Barden & Grimaldi, 2014: 18 (diagnosis, all species key).<br />
<br />
==References==<br />
*[[Media:Barden, P., Grimaldi, D.A. 2016. Adaptive radiation in socially advanced stem-group ants.pdf|Barden, P. & Grimaldi, D.A. 2016. Adaptive radiation in socially advanced stem-group ants from the Cretaceous. Current Biology 26: 515-521]] ({{doi|10.1016/j.cub.2015.12.060}}).<br />
*[[Media:Barden, P. 2017. Fossil ants ancient diversity and the rise of modern lineages.pdf|Barden, P. 2017. Fossil ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae): ancient diversity and the rise of modern lineages. Myrmecological News 24: 1-30.]]<br />
*[[Media:Barden, P., Engel, M.S. 2020. Fossil social insects (10.1007@978-3-319-90306-4_45-1).pdf|Barden, P., Engel, M.S. 2020. Fossil social insects. Encyclopedia of Social Insects, Springer, Cham]] ({{doi|10.1007/978-3-319-90306-4_45-1}}).<br />
*[[Media:Borysenko, L.H. 2017. Description of a new genus of primitive ants from Canadian amber, with the study of relationships between stem- and crown-group ants.pdf|Borysenko, L.H. 2017. Description of a new genus of primitive ants from Canadian amber, with the study of relationships between stem- and crown-group ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). Insecta Mundi 570: 1–57.]]<br />
*[[Media:Boudinot, B.E., Perrichot, V. et al. 2020. †Camelosphecia gen. nov., lost ant-wasp intermediates from the mid-Cretaceous (10.3897@zookeys.1005.57629).pdf|Boudinot, B.E., Perrichot, V., Chaul, J.C.M. 2020. †''Camelosphecia'' gen. nov., lost ant-wasp intermediates from the mid-Cretaceous (Hymenoptera, Formicoidea). ZooKeys 1005, 21–55]] ({{doi|10.3897/zookeys.1005.57629}}).<br />
*[[Media:Boudinot, B.E., Richter, A. et al. 2022. Evidence for the evolution of eusociality in stem ants (10.1093@zoolinnean@zlab097@6523228).pdf|Boudinot, B.E., Richter, A., Katzke, J., Chaul, J.C.M., Keller, R.A., Economo, E.P., Beutel, R.G., Yamamoto, S. 2022. Evidence for the evolution of eusociality in stem ants and a systematic revision of †''Gerontoformica'' (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society XX:1-35]] ({{doi|10.1093/zoolinnean/zlab097/6523228}}).<br />
*[[Media:Cantone, S., Von Zuben, C.J. 2019. The hindwings of ants (10.1155@2019@7929717).pdf|Cantone, S., Von Zuben, C.J. 2019. The hindwings of ants: A phylogenetic analysis. Psyche: A Journal of Entomology 2019, 1–11]] ({{doi|10.1155/2019/7929717}}).<br />
*Nel, A.; Perrault, G. 2004. [Untitled. Genus Gerontoformica Nel and Perrault n. gen. Type species: Gerontoformica cretacica Nel and Perrault n. sp.]. Pp. 24-26 in: Nel, A.; Perrault, G.; Perrichot, V.; Néraudeau, D. The oldest ant in the Lower Cretaceous (page 24, Gerontoformica as genus; incertae sedis in Formicidae)<br />
*[[Media:Sosiak, C., Cockx, P. et al. 2024. Prolonged faunal turnover in earliest ants (10.1016@j.cub.2024.02.058).pdf|Sosiak, C., Cockx, P., Suarez, P.A., McKellar, R., Barden, P. 2024. Prolonged faunal turnover in earliest ants revealed by North American Cretaceous amber. Current Biology]] ({{doi|10.1016/j.cub.2024.02.058}}).<br />
<br />
<br />
[[category:Genus]]<br />
[[category:Extinct genus]][[category:Fossil]]<br />
[[category:Formicidae]][[category:Sphecomyrminae]][[category:Sphecomyrmini]][[category:Gerontoformica]]<br />
[[category:Sphecomyrminae fossil genera]][[category:Sphecomyrmini fossil genera]]<br />
[[category:Need Overview]][[category:Need Body Text]]</div>SShattuckhttps://antwiki.org/wiki/index.php?title=Camelosphecia&diff=709234Camelosphecia2024-03-28T05:33:24Z<p>SShattuck: Add reference from PDF.</p>
<hr />
<div>{{Italic title}}<br />
{{Taxobox<br />
|name = †''Camelosphecia''<br />
|fossil_range = {{Burmese amber fossil}}<br />
|regnum = [[Animal]]ia<br />
|phylum = [[Arthropod]]a<br />
|classis = [[Insect]]a<br />
|ordo = [[Hymenoptera]]<br />
|familia = [[Formicidae]]<br />
|subfamilia = Uncertain<br />
|genus = †'''''Camelosphecia'''''<br />
|genus_authority = Boudinot, Perrichot & Chaul, 2020<br />
|type_species =''[[Camelosphecia fossor]]''<br />
|diversity_link = :category:List of species<br />
|diversity = {{Species Diversity|Fossil=Only}}<br />
}}<br />
The taxonomomic placement of this genus is uncertain and it is currently considered ''incertae sedis'' in the superfamily Formicoidea. Boudinot et al. (2020) place it, together with ''[[Camelomecia]]'', in a clade which forms the extinct sister group of the Formicidae, within the superfamily Formicoidea but outside the family Formicidae. Notably, both these genera are only known from alate males and females (queens); workers, if present, have yet to be recovered.<br />
<br />
==Identification==<br />
<br />
==Distribution==<br />
This taxon is known from {{Burmese amber}}.<br />
<br />
==Castes==<br />
<br />
==Phylogeny==<br />
{{Phylogeny of Subfamilies}}<br />
<br />
==Nomenclature==<br />
{{Nomenclature}}<br />
*†''{{RedText|CAMELOSPHECIA}}'' [''incertae sedis'' in Formicoidea]<br />
**†''Camelosphecia'' Boudinot, Perrichot & Chaul, 2020: 39. Type-species: †''Camelosphecia fossor'' Boudinot, Perrichot & Chaul, 2020: 40, by original designation.<br />
<br />
==References==<br />
*[[Media:Boudinot, B.E., Perrichot, V. et al. 2020. †Camelosphecia gen. nov., lost ant-wasp intermediates from the mid-Cretaceous (10.3897@zookeys.1005.57629).pdf|Boudinot, B.E., Perrichot, V., Chaul, J.C.M. 2020. †''Camelosphecia'' gen. nov., lost ant-wasp intermediates from the mid-Cretaceous (Hymenoptera, Formicoidea). ZooKeys 1005, 21–55]] ({{doi|10.3897/zookeys.1005.<br />
*[[Media:Fernandez, F., Guerrero, R.J. et al. 2021. Sistemática y diversidad de las hormigas neotropicales (10.25100@socolen.v47i1.11082).pdf|Fernandez, F., Guerrero, R.J., Sánchez-Restrepo, A.F. 2021. Sistemática y diversidad de las hormigas neotropicales. Revista Colombiana de Entomología 47, 1–20]] ({{doi|10.25100/socolen.v47i1.11082}}).<br />
57629}}).<br />
*[[Media:Sosiak, C., Cockx, P. et al. 2024. Prolonged faunal turnover in earliest ants (10.1016@j.cub.2024.02.058).pdf|Sosiak, C., Cockx, P., Suarez, P.A., McKellar, R., Barden, P. 2024. Prolonged faunal turnover in earliest ants revealed by North American Cretaceous amber. Current Biology]] ({{doi|10.1016/j.cub.2024.02.058}}).<br />
<br />
<br />
[[category:Genus]]<br />
[[category:Extinct genus]][[category:Fossil]]<br />
[[category:Formicidae]][[category:Camelosphecia]]<br />
[[category:Formicidae fossil genera]]<br />
[[category:Need Overview]][[category:Need Images]][[category:Need Body Text]]</div>SShattuckhttps://antwiki.org/wiki/index.php?title=Brownimecia_clavata&diff=709233Brownimecia clavata2024-03-28T05:32:03Z<p>SShattuck: Add reference from PDF.</p>
<hr />
<div>{{Italic title}}<br />
{{Taxobox<br />
|name = †''Brownimecia clavata''<br />
|image = Grimaldi Agosti Carpenter 1997-26 Brownimecia clavata.jpg<br />
|image_width = {{width}}<br />
|fossil_range = {{Raritan (New Jersey) amber fossil}}<br />
|regnum = [[Animal]]ia<br />
|phylum = [[Arthropod]]a<br />
|classis = [[Insect]]a<br />
|ordo = [[Hymenoptera]]<br />
|familia = [[Formicidae]]<br />
|subfamilia = [[Brownimeciinae]]<br />
|genus = ''[[Brownimecia]]''<br />
|species = †'''''B. clavata'''''<br />
|binomial = †''Brownimecia clavata''<br />
|binomial_authority = Grimaldi, Agosti & Carpenter, 1997<br />
----<br />
[[File:Grimaldi Agosti Carpenter 1997-22 Brownimeci clavata.jpg|{{width}}]]<br />
<br />
[[File:Grimaldi Agosti Carpenter 1997-23 Fig.jpg|{{width}}]]<br />
}}<br />
==Identification==<br />
<br />
==Distribution==<br />
This taxon was described from {{Raritan (New Jersey) amber}}.<br />
<br />
==Castes==<br />
<br />
==Nomenclature==<br />
{{Nomenclature}}<br />
*†''{{RedText|clavata}}. †Brownimecia clavata'' Grimaldi, Agosti & Carpenter, 1997: 20, figs. 1e-f, 7-11 (w.) NEW JERSEY AMBER (U.S.A.: New Jersey, Cretaceous).<br />
**Status as species: Bolton, 2003: 75; Engel & Grimaldi, 2005: 12; Barden, 2017: 2.<br />
<br />
<!--Un-comment this template when adding type specimen data<br />
===Type Material===<br />
*{{TypeSpecimen<br />
|publishedname=<br />
|status=<br />
|statuspublication=<br />
|material=<br />
|locality=<br />
|country=United States<br />
|coordinates={{Inline coordinates|||0|NS|||0|EW}} COMMENT OUT IF UNKNOWN<br />
|collector=<br />
|collectiondate=<br />
|specimenidentifier=<br />
|institution={{AMNH}}<br />
|notes=<br />
}}<br />
<br />
--><br />
===Description===<br />
<br />
==References==<br />
*[[Media:Barden, P. 2017. Fossil ants ancient diversity and the rise of modern lineages.pdf|Barden, P. 2017. Fossil ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae): ancient diversity and the rise of modern lineages. Myrmecological News 24: 1-30.]]<br />
*[[Media:Borowiec, M.L., Moreau, C.S. et al. 2020. Ants - phylogeny and classification (10.1007@978-3-319-90306-4_155-1).pdf|Borowiec, M.L., Moreau, C.S., Rabeling, C. 2020. Ants: Phylogeny and Classification. In: C. Starr (ed.), Encyclopedia of Social Insects]] ({{doi|10.1007/978-3-319-90306-4_155-1}}).<br />
*[[Media:Boudinot, B.E., Perrichot, V. et al. 2020. †Camelosphecia gen. nov., lost ant-wasp intermediates from the mid-Cretaceous (10.3897@zookeys.1005.57629).pdf|Boudinot, B.E., Perrichot, V., Chaul, J.C.M. 2020. †''Camelosphecia'' gen. nov., lost ant-wasp intermediates from the mid-Cretaceous (Hymenoptera, Formicoidea). ZooKeys 1005, 21–55]] ({{doi|10.3897/zookeys.1005.57629}}).<br />
*[[Media:Boudinot, B.E., Richter, A. et al. 2022. Evidence for the evolution of eusociality in stem ants (10.1093@zoolinnean@zlab097@6523228).pdf|Boudinot, B.E., Richter, A., Katzke, J., Chaul, J.C.M., Keller, R.A., Economo, E.P., Beutel, R.G., Yamamoto, S. 2022. Evidence for the evolution of eusociality in stem ants and a systematic revision of †''Gerontoformica'' (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society XX:1-35]] ({{doi|10.1093/zoolinnean/zlab097/6523228}}).<br />
*[[Media:Grimaldi Agosti Carpenter 1997.pdf|Grimaldi, D.; Agosti, D.; Carpenter, J. M. 1997. New and rediscovered primitive ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) in Cretaceous amber from New Jersey, and their phylogenetic relationships. American Museum Novitates 3208: 1-43.]] (page 20, figs. 1e-f, 7-11 worker described)<br />
*[[Media:Richter, A., Boudinot, B. et al. 2022. The first reconstruction of the head anatomy of a Cretaceous insect, Gerontoformica gracilis (10.1093@isd@ixac013).pdf|Richter, A., Boudinot, B., Yamamoto, S., Katzke, J., Beutel, R. G. 2022. The first reconstruction of the head anatomy of a Cretaceous insect, †''Gerontoformica gracilis'' (Hymenoptera: Formicidae), and the early evolution of ants. Insect Systematics and Diversity 6(5): 1-80]] ({{doi|10.1093/isd/ixac013}}).<br />
*[[Media:Sosiak, C., Cockx, P. et al. 2024. Prolonged faunal turnover in earliest ants (10.1016@j.cub.2024.02.058).pdf|Sosiak, C., Cockx, P., Suarez, P.A., McKellar, R., Barden, P. 2024. Prolonged faunal turnover in earliest ants revealed by North American Cretaceous amber. Current Biology]] ({{doi|10.1016/j.cub.2024.02.058}}).<br />
<br />
[[category:Species]]<br />
[[category:Extinct species]][[category:Fossil]]<br />
[[category:Formicidae]][[category:Brownimeciinae]][[category:Brownimecia]][[category:Brownimecia clavata]]<br />
[[category:Brownimeciinae fossils]][[category:Brownimecia fossils|clavata]]<br />
[[category:Need Overview]][[category:Need Body Text]]</div>SShattuckhttps://antwiki.org/wiki/index.php?title=Brownimecia&diff=709232Brownimecia2024-03-28T05:30:34Z<p>SShattuck: Add reference from PDF.</p>
<hr />
<div>{{Italic title}}<br />
{{Taxobox<br />
|name = †''Brownimecia''<br />
|image = Grimaldi Agosti Carpenter 1997-22 Brownimeci clavata.jpg<br />
|image_width = {{width}}<br />
|fossil_range = {{Raritan (New Jersey) amber fossil}}<br />
|regnum = [[Animal]]ia<br />
|phylum = [[Arthropod]]a<br />
|classis = [[Insect]]a<br />
|ordo = [[Hymenoptera]]<br />
|familia = [[Formicidae]]<br />
|subfamilia = [[Brownimeciinae]]<br />
|genus = †'''''Brownimecia'''''<br />
|genus_authority = Grimaldi, Agosti & Carpenter, 1997<br />
|type_species =''[[Brownimecia clavata]]''<br />
|diversity_link = :category:List of species<br />
|diversity = {{Species Diversity|Fossil=Only}}<br />
----<br />
[[File:Grimaldi Agosti Carpenter 1997-23 Fig.jpg|{{width}}]]<br />
}}<br />
==Identification==<br />
{{Photo Gallery<br />
|name1=Chaul, J.C.M. 2023. A revision of the Cretaceous ant genus Zigrasimecia (10.11646@zootaxa.5325.3.1), Fig. 5.jpg<br />
|comment1=Chaul (2023), Fig. 5. Types of mesosoma in fossil and extant ants. A, ''Gerontoformica''; B, ''Protozigrasimecia''; C, ''Zigrasimecia''; D, ''Brownimecia''; E, ''Brachyponera'' and F, ''Discothyrea''. Among extant ants, ''Discothyrea'' presents a degree of mesosomal compaction similar to that of ''Zigrasimecia''. Abbreviations: Lmspl, lower mesopleuron; Lmtpl, lower metapleuron; mgo, metapleural gland opening; Msn, mesonotum; Mspl, mesopleuron; Mssct, mesoscutum; Mssctl, mesoscutellum; Mtn, metanotum; Ppd, propodeum; Prn, pronotum; Prpl, propleuron, sp, spiracle; Umspl, upper mesopleuron; Umtpl, upper metapleuron.<br />
|size1=450px<br />
}}<br />
<br />
==Distribution==<br />
This taxon is known from {{Raritan (New Jersey) amber}}.<br />
<br />
==Castes==<br />
<br />
==Nomenclature==<br />
{{Nomenclature}}<br />
*†''<span style='color:red;font-weight:bold;'>BROWNIMECIA </span>''[†Brownimeciinae]<br />
**†''Brownimecia'' Grimaldi, Agosti & Carpenter, 1997: 20. Type-species: †''Brownimecia clavata'', by original designation.<br />
<br />
==References==<br />
*[[Media:Barden, P. 2017. Fossil ants ancient diversity and the rise of modern lineages.pdf|Barden, P. 2017. Fossil ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae): ancient diversity and the rise of modern lineages. Myrmecological News 24: 1-30.]]<br />
*Bolton, B. 2003. Synopsis and Classification of Formicidae. Mem. Am. Entomol. Inst. 71: 370pp (page 262, Brownimecia in Brownimeciinae, Brownimeciini)<br />
*[[Media:Boudinot, B.E., Perrichot, V. et al. 2020. †Camelosphecia gen. nov., lost ant-wasp intermediates from the mid-Cretaceous (10.3897@zookeys.1005.57629).pdf|Boudinot, B.E., Perrichot, V., Chaul, J.C.M. 2020. †''Camelosphecia'' gen. nov., lost ant-wasp intermediates from the mid-Cretaceous (Hymenoptera, Formicoidea). ZooKeys 1005, 21–55]] ({{doi|10.3897/zookeys.1005.57629}}).<br />
*[[Media:Boudinot, B.E., Richter, A. et al. 2022. Evidence for the evolution of eusociality in stem ants (10.1093@zoolinnean@zlab097@6523228).pdf|Boudinot, B.E., Richter, A., Katzke, J., Chaul, J.C.M., Keller, R.A., Economo, E.P., Beutel, R.G., Yamamoto, S. 2022. Evidence for the evolution of eusociality in stem ants and a systematic revision of †''Gerontoformica'' (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society XX:1-35]] ({{doi|10.1093/zoolinnean/zlab097/6523228}}).<br />
*[[Media:Chaul, J.C.M. 2023. A revision of the Cretaceous ant genus Zigrasimecia (10.11646@zootaxa.5325.3.1).pdf|Chaul, J.C.M. 2023. A revision of the Cretaceous ant genus ''Zigrasimecia'' Barden & Grimaldi, 2013 (Hymenoptera: Formicidae: †Zigrasimeciinae). Zootaxa 5325(3), 301–341]] ({{doi|10.11646/zootaxa.5325.3.1}}).<br />
*[[Media:Fernandez, F., Guerrero, R.J. et al. 2021. Sistemática y diversidad de las hormigas neotropicales (10.25100@socolen.v47i1.11082).pdf|Fernandez, F., Guerrero, R.J., Sánchez-Restrepo, A.F. 2021. Sistemática y diversidad de las hormigas neotropicales. Revista Colombiana de Entomología 47, 1–20]] ({{doi|10.25100/socolen.v47i1.11082}}).<br />
*[[Media:Grimaldi Agosti Carpenter 1997.pdf|Grimaldi, D.; Agosti, D.; Carpenter, J. M. 1997. New and rediscovered primitive ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) in Cretaceous amber from New Jersey, and their phylogenetic relationships. American Museum Novitates 3208: 1-43.]] (page 20, Brownimecia as genus, Brownimecia incertae sedis in Ponerinae)<br />
*[[Media:Sosiak, C., Cockx, P. et al. 2024. Prolonged faunal turnover in earliest ants (10.1016@j.cub.2024.02.058).pdf|Sosiak, C., Cockx, P., Suarez, P.A., McKellar, R., Barden, P. 2024. Prolonged faunal turnover in earliest ants revealed by North American Cretaceous amber. Current Biology]] ({{doi|10.1016/j.cub.2024.02.058}}).<br />
<br />
<br />
[[category:Genus]]<br />
[[category:Extinct genus]][[category:Fossil]]<br />
[[category:Formicidae]][[category:Brownimeciinae]][[category:Brownimecia]]<br />
[[category:Brownimeciinae fossil genera]]<br />
[[category:Need Overview]][[category:Need Body Text]]</div>SShattuckhttps://antwiki.org/wiki/index.php?title=Baikuris_mandibularis&diff=709231Baikuris mandibularis2024-03-28T05:29:06Z<p>SShattuck: Add reference from PDF.</p>
<hr />
<div>{{Italic title}}<br />
{{Taxobox<br />
|name = †''Baikuris mandibularis''<br />
|image = Pin3730-5 p 1 high.jpg<br />
|image_width = {{width}}<br />
|fossil_range = {{Baikura fossil}}<br />
|regnum = [[Animal]]ia<br />
|phylum = [[Arthropod]]a<br />
|classis = [[Insect]]a<br />
|ordo = [[Hymenoptera]]<br />
|familia = [[Formicidae]]<br />
|subfamilia = Uncertain<br />
|genus = ''[[Baikuris]]''<br />
|species = †'''''B. mandibularis'''''<br />
|binomial = †''Baikuris mandibularis''<br />
|binomial_authority = Dlussky, 1987<br />
}}<br />
==Identification==<br />
<br />
==Distribution==<br />
This taxon was described from {{Baikura}}.<br />
<br />
==Castes==<br />
<br />
==Nomenclature==<br />
{{Nomenclature}}<br />
*†''{{RedText|mandibularis}}. †Baikuris mandibularis'' Dlussky, 1987: 134, fig. 2 (m.) TAIMYR AMBER (Russia: Siberia, Taimyr Peninsula, Cretaceous).<br />
**Status as species: Bolton, 1995b: 80; Grimaldi, Agosti & Carpenter, 1997: 6; Perrichot, 2015: 588; Barden, 2017: 2; Boudinot, Perrichot & Chaul, 2020: 28.<br />
<br />
<!--Un-comment this template when adding type specimen data<br />
===Type Material===<br />
*{{TypeSpecimen<br />
|publishedname=<br />
|status=<br />
|statuspublication=<br />
|material=<br />
|locality=<br />
|country=Russian Federation (Cretaceous)<br />
|coordinates={{Inline coordinates|||0|NS|||0|EW}} COMMENT OUT IF UNKNOWN<br />
|collector=<br />
|collectiondate=<br />
|specimenidentifier=<br />
|institution=<br />
|notes=<br />
}}<br />
<br />
--><br />
===Description===<br />
<br />
==References==<br />
*[[Media:Barden, P. 2017. Fossil ants ancient diversity and the rise of modern lineages.pdf|Barden, P. 2017. Fossil ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae): ancient diversity and the rise of modern lineages. Myrmecological News 24: 1-30.]]<br />
*[[Media:Boudinot, B.E., Perrichot, V. et al. 2020. †Camelosphecia gen. nov., lost ant-wasp intermediates from the mid-Cretaceous (10.3897@zookeys.1005.57629).pdf|Boudinot, B.E., Perrichot, V., Chaul, J.C.M. 2020. †''Camelosphecia'' gen. nov., lost ant-wasp intermediates from the mid-Cretaceous (Hymenoptera, Formicoidea). ZooKeys 1005, 21–55]] ({{doi|10.3897/zookeys.1005.57629}}).<br />
*[[Media:Cantone, S., Von Zuben, C.J. 2019. The hindwings of ants (10.1155@2019@7929717).pdf|Cantone, S., Von Zuben, C.J. 2019. The hindwings of ants: A phylogenetic analysis. Psyche: A Journal of Entomology 2019, 1–11]] ({{doi|10.1155/2019/7929717}}).<br />
*Dlussky, G. M. 1987. New Formicoidea (Hymenoptera) of the Upper Cretaceous. Paleontol. Zh. 1987(1 1: 131-135 (page 134, fig. 2 male described)<br />
*[[Media:Perfilieva, K.S. 2011. New data on the wing morphology of the Cretaceous Sphecomyrminae ants.pdf|Perfilieva, K.S. 2011. New data on the wing morphology of the Cretaceous Sphecomyrminae ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). Paleontological Journal 45: 275–283.]]<br />
*[[Media:Sosiak, C., Cockx, P. et al. 2024. Prolonged faunal turnover in earliest ants (10.1016@j.cub.2024.02.058).pdf|Sosiak, C., Cockx, P., Suarez, P.A., McKellar, R., Barden, P. 2024. Prolonged faunal turnover in earliest ants revealed by North American Cretaceous amber. Current Biology]] ({{doi|10.1016/j.cub.2024.02.058}}).<br />
<br />
[[category:Species]]<br />
[[category:Extinct species]][[category:Fossil]][[category:Baikura fossil]]<br />
[[category:Baikuris]][[category:Baikuris mandibularis]]<br />
[[category:Baikuris fossils|mandibularis]]<br />
[[category:Need Overview]][[category:Need Body Text]]</div>SShattuckhttps://antwiki.org/wiki/index.php?title=File:Sosiak,_C.,_Cockx,_P._et_al._2024._Prolonged_faunal_turnover_in_earliest_ants_(10.1016@j.cub.2024.02.058).pdf&diff=709230File:Sosiak, C., Cockx, P. et al. 2024. Prolonged faunal turnover in earliest ants (10.1016@j.cub.2024.02.058).pdf2024-03-28T05:27:59Z<p>SShattuck: Sosiak, C., Cockx, P., Suarez, P.A., McKellar, R., Barden, P. 2024. Prolonged faunal turnover in earliest ants revealed by North American Cretaceous amber. Current Biology ({{doi|10.1016/j.cub.2024.02.058}}).</p>
<hr />
<div>Sosiak, C., Cockx, P., Suarez, P.A., McKellar, R., Barden, P. 2024. Prolonged faunal turnover in earliest ants revealed by North American Cretaceous amber. Current Biology ({{doi|10.1016/j.cub.2024.02.058}}).</div>SShattuckhttps://antwiki.org/wiki/index.php?title=Baikuris&diff=709229Baikuris2024-03-28T05:27:44Z<p>SShattuck: Add reference from PDF.</p>
<hr />
<div>{{Italic title}}<br />
{{Taxobox<br />
|name = †''Baikuris''<br />
|image = Pin3730-5 p 1 high.jpg<br />
|image_width = {{width}}<br />
|fossil_range = {{Geological range AWCretaceous|99|80}}Early Cenomanian to Campanian–Maastrichtian, Late Cretaceous<br />
|regnum = [[Animal]]ia<br />
|phylum = [[Arthropod]]a<br />
|classis = [[Insect]]a<br />
|ordo = [[Hymenoptera]]<br />
|familia = [[Formicidae]]<br />
|subfamilia = Uncertain<br />
|genus = †'''''Baikuris'''''<br />
|genus_authority = Dlussky, 1987<br />
|type_species =''[[Baikuris mandibularis]]''<br />
|diversity_link = :category:List of species<br />
|diversity = {{Species Diversity|Fossil=Only}}<br />
}}<br />
==Identification==<br />
<br />
==Distribution==<br />
This taxon is known from {{Baikura}}, {{Charentese amber}} and {{Raritan (New Jersey) amber}}, as well as an unidentified specimen from {{Burmese amber}} (Guo et al., 2017).<br />
<br />
==Castes==<br />
<br />
==Phylogeny==<br />
{{Phylogeny of Subfamilies}}<br />
<br />
==Nomenclature==<br />
{{Nomenclature}}<br />
*†''<span style='color:red;font-weight:bold;'>BAIKURIS </span>''[''incertae sedis'' in Formicidae]<br />
**†''Baikuris'' Dlussky, 1987: 133. Type-species: †''Baikuris mandibularis'' Dlussky, 1987: 134, by original designation. <br />
'''Taxonomic history'''<br />
*†''Baikuris'' in †Sphecomyrmidae: Dlussky, 1987: 132; Dlussky & Fedoseeva, 1988: 77.<br />
*†''Baikuris'' in †Sphecomyrminae: Bolton, 1994: 187; Grimaldi, et al. 1997: 7.<br />
*†''Baikuris'' in †Sphecomyrminae, †Sphecomyrmini: Bolton, 2003: 261.<br />
*†''Baikuris'' ''incertae sedis'' in Formicidae: Hölldobler & Wilson, 1990: 19; Borysenko, 2017: 14; Boudinot, Perrichot & Chaul, 2020: 28.<br />
*†''Baikuris'' as genus: all authors.<br />
*[†''Baikurus'': incorrect subsequent spelling by Grimaldi, et al. 1997: 15.]<br />
*†''Baikuris'' catalogues: Bolton, 1995b: 80.<br />
*†''Baikuris'' references: Grimaldi, et al. 1997: 15 (review of genus).<br />
<br />
==References==<br />
*[[Media:Barden, P. 2017. Fossil ants ancient diversity and the rise of modern lineages.pdf|Barden, P. 2017. Fossil ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae): ancient diversity and the rise of modern lineages. Myrmecological News 24: 1-30.]]<br />
*Bolton, B. 1994. Identification guide to the ant genera of the world. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 222 pp. (page 187, Baikuris in Sphecomyrminae)<br />
*Bolton, B. 1995b. A new general catalogue of the ants of the world. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 504 pp. (page 80, Baikuris in Sphecomyrminae)<br />
*Bolton, B. 2003. Synopsis and Classification of Formicidae. Mem. Am. Entomol. Inst. 71: 370pp (page 261, Baikuris in Sphecomyrminae, Sphecomyrmini; taxon. synopsis)<br />
*[[Media:Borysenko, L.H. 2017. Description of a new genus of primitive ants from Canadian amber, with the study of relationships between stem- and crown-group ants.pdf|Borysenko, L.H. 2017. Description of a new genus of primitive ants from Canadian amber, with the study of relationships between stem- and crown-group ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). Insecta Mundi 570: 1–57.]]<br />
*[[Media:Boudinot, B.E., Perrichot, V. et al. 2020. †Camelosphecia gen. nov., lost ant-wasp intermediates from the mid-Cretaceous (10.3897@zookeys.1005.57629).pdf|Boudinot, B.E., Perrichot, V., Chaul, J.C.M. 2020. †''Camelosphecia'' gen. nov., lost ant-wasp intermediates from the mid-Cretaceous (Hymenoptera, Formicoidea). ZooKeys 1005, 21–55]] ({{doi|10.3897/zookeys.1005.57629}}).<br />
*[[Media:Cantone, S., Von Zuben, C.J. 2019. The hindwings of ants (10.1155@2019@7929717).pdf|Cantone, S., Von Zuben, C.J. 2019. The hindwings of ants: A phylogenetic analysis. Psyche: A Journal of Entomology 2019, 1–11]] ({{doi|10.1155/2019/7929717}}).<br />
*Dlussky, G. M. 1987. New Formicoidea (Hymenoptera) of the Upper Cretaceous. Paleontol. Zh. 1987(1 1: 131-135 (page 132, Baikuris in Sphecomyrmidae)<br />
*Dlussky, G. M. 1987. New Formicoidea (Hymenoptera) of the Upper Cretaceous. Paleontol. Zh. 1987(1 1: 131-135 (page 133, Baikuris as genus)<br />
*Dlussky, G. M.; Fedoseeva, E. B. 1988. Origin and early stages of evolution in ants. Pp. 70-144 in: Ponomarenko, A. G. (ed.) Cretaceous biocenotic crisis and insect evolution. Moskva: Nauka, 232 pp. (page 77, Baikuris in Sphecomyrmidae)<br />
*Grimaldi, D.; Agosti, D.; Carpenter, J. M. 1997. New and rediscovered primitive ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) in Cretaceous amber from New Jersey, and their phylogenetic relationships. American Museum Novitates 3208: 1-43 (page 7, 15, Baikuris in Sphecomyrminae, review of genus)<br />
*[[Media:Guo, M., Xing, L. et al. 2017. A catalogue of Burmite inclusions.pdf|Guo, M., Xing, L., Wang, B., Zhang, W., Wang, S., Shi, A., Bai, M. 2017. A catalogue of Burmite inclusions. Zoological Systematics, 42(3) 249–379 (DOI 10.11865zs.201715).]]<br />
*Hölldobler, B.; Wilson, E. O. 1990. The ants. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, xii + 732 pp. (page 18, Insertae sedis in Formicidae)<br />
*[[Media:Krynicki, V.E. 2013. Primitive ants (Hymenoptera Sphecomyrminae) in the Campanian (Late Cretaceous) of North Carolina (USA).pdf|Krynicki, V.E. 2013. Primitive ants (Hymenoptera: Sphecomyrminae) in the Campanian (Late Cretaceous) of North Carolina (USA). Life: The Excitement of Biology 1, 156-165.]]<br />
*[[Media:Perfilieva, K.S. 2011. New data on the wing morphology of the Cretaceous Sphecomyrminae ants.pdf|Perfilieva, K.S. 2011. New data on the wing morphology of the Cretaceous Sphecomyrminae ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). Paleontological Journal 45: 275–283.]]<br />
*[[Media:Perrichot 2014 Baikuris.pdf|Perrichot, V. 2015. A new species of ''Baikuris'' (Hymenoptera: Formicidae: Sphecomyrminae) in mid-Cretaceous amber from France. Cretaceous Research 52, 585-590.]]<br />
*[[Media:Sosiak, C., Cockx, P. et al. 2024. Prolonged faunal turnover in earliest ants (10.1016@j.cub.2024.02.058).pdf|Sosiak, C., Cockx, P., Suarez, P.A., McKellar, R., Barden, P. 2024. Prolonged faunal turnover in earliest ants revealed by North American Cretaceous amber. Current Biology]] ({{doi|10.1016/j.cub.2024.02.058}}).<br />
<br />
<br />
[[category:Genus]]<br />
[[category:Extinct genus]][[category:Fossil]]<br />
[[category:Baikuris]]<br />
[[category:Need Overview]][[category:Need Body Text]]</div>SShattuckhttps://antwiki.org/wiki/index.php?title=North_Carolina_Amber&diff=709228North Carolina Amber2024-03-28T05:13:30Z<p>SShattuck: </p>
<hr />
<div>{{GeologicalPeriodbox<br />
|formation=North Carolina Amber<br />
|map=<br />
|map_caption=<br />
|start=83.5<br />
|end=70.6<br />
|period=[[Cretaceous]]<br />
|epoch=Late Cretaceous<br />
|age=Early Campanian<br />
|location=Neuse River, North Carolina<br />
|country=United States<br />
|coordinates=35.4°N, 78.0°W<br />
|paleocoordinates=35.6°N, 49.5°W<br />
|diversity=North Carolina amber fossil<br />
}}<br />
All material described by Sosiak et al. (2024) was collected in North Carolina (USA) from an amber deposit in an Upper Cretaceous (Campanian) outcrop. The deposit is located along the Neuse River near Goldsboro, a locality that is part of the Cretaceous Black Creek Formation. The lower part of the unit is characterized by gray feldspathic sand with lenses of dark clay; the upper part consists of thinly interbedded dark clays with micaceous silty fine sand. Amber from North Carolina has been designated as a Group A or B fossil resin based on nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, suggesting that the botanical source is likely coniferous or a dipterocarp.<br />
{{Fossil List|formation=North Carolina amber|age=Cretaceous}}<br />
{{CargoFossilMap|35.4°N, 78.0°W}}<br />
{{AWNavboxFossils}}</div>SShattuckhttps://antwiki.org/wiki/index.php?title=North_Carolina_Amber&diff=709227North Carolina Amber2024-03-28T04:44:16Z<p>SShattuck: Created page with "{{GeologicalPeriodbox |formation=North Carolina Amber |map= |map_caption= |start=83.5 |end=70.6 |period=Cretaceous |epoch=Late Cretaceous |age=Early Campanian |location=Neuse River, North Carolina |country=United States |coordinates=35.4°N, 78.0°W |paleocoordinates=35.6°N, 49.5°W |diversity=North Carolina amber fossil }} {{Fossil List|formation=North Carolina amber|age=Cretaceous}} {{CargoFossilMap|35.4°N, 78.0°W}} {{AWNavboxFossils}}"</p>
<hr />
<div>{{GeologicalPeriodbox<br />
|formation=North Carolina Amber<br />
|map=<br />
|map_caption=<br />
|start=83.5<br />
|end=70.6<br />
|period=[[Cretaceous]]<br />
|epoch=Late Cretaceous<br />
|age=Early Campanian<br />
|location=Neuse River, North Carolina<br />
|country=United States<br />
|coordinates=35.4°N, 78.0°W<br />
|paleocoordinates=35.6°N, 49.5°W<br />
|diversity=North Carolina amber fossil<br />
}}<br />
{{Fossil List|formation=North Carolina amber|age=Cretaceous}}<br />
{{CargoFossilMap|35.4°N, 78.0°W}}<br />
{{AWNavboxFossils}}</div>SShattuckhttps://antwiki.org/wiki/index.php?title=Template:North_Carolina_amber_fossil&diff=709226Template:North Carolina amber fossil2024-03-28T04:42:08Z<p>SShattuck: Created page with "{{Geological range AWCretaceous|83.5|70.6|Early Campanian, Late Cretaceous}}North Carolina amber, Neuse River, North Carolina, United States<includeonly>category:North Carolina amber fossilcategory:Cretaceous</includeonly><noinclude>category:Fossil taxobox template</noinclude>"</p>
<hr />
<div>{{Geological range AWCretaceous|83.5|70.6|Early Campanian, Late Cretaceous}}[[North Carolina Amber|North Carolina amber]], Neuse River, North Carolina, United States<includeonly>[[category:North Carolina amber fossil]][[category:Cretaceous]]</includeonly><noinclude>[[category:Fossil taxobox template]]</noinclude></div>SShattuckhttps://antwiki.org/wiki/index.php?title=Template:North_Carolina_amber&diff=709225Template:North Carolina amber2024-03-28T04:41:14Z<p>SShattuck: Created page with "North Carolina amber, Neuse River, North Carolina, United States (Early Campanian, Late Cretaceous)<includeonly>{{#cargo_store:_table=FossilOccurrence|Formation=North Carolina amber}}category:North Carolina amber fossilcategory:Cretaceous</includeonly><noinclude>{{#cargo_attach:_table=FossilOccurrence}}category:Fossil occurrence template</noinclude>"</p>
<hr />
<div>[[North Carolina Amber|North Carolina amber]], Neuse River, North Carolina, United States (Early Campanian, Late Cretaceous)<includeonly>{{#cargo_store:_table=FossilOccurrence|Formation=North Carolina amber}}[[category:North Carolina amber fossil]][[category:Cretaceous]]</includeonly><noinclude>{{#cargo_attach:_table=FossilOccurrence}}[[category:Fossil occurrence template]]</noinclude></div>SShattuckhttps://antwiki.org/wiki/index.php?title=Fossil_Ants&diff=709224Fossil Ants2024-03-28T03:05:26Z<p>SShattuck: /* References */</p>
<hr />
<div>Fossil ants include both specimens fossilised in shale or other stone (compression fossils) and ants embedded in Amber. Copal is a general term that refers to non-fossilised resin material whatever its geological age. Copal older than Holocene is referred to as fossil copal. <br />
<br />
The geologic age of the deposits are important in understanding the evolution of ants as well as their extinction and the distribution of ants worldwide. In some cases the surrounding vegetation and insects that are preserved along with the ants allows a partial reconstruction of the habitat and in some cases the microhabitat as well.<br />
<br />
Winged and worker ants were much larger in times past so that some ant specimens are still identifiable as ants when found in stone. Specimens preserved in amber are in much better condition allowing for a more reliable identification.<br />
__TOC__<br />
{{Photo Gallery<br />
|name1=Gerontoformica cretacica.jpg<br />
|comment1=One of the earliest known ants, ''[[Gerontoformica cretacica]]'', from [[Charentese Amber|Charentese amber]], Aquitaine Basin, France. It belongs to the subfamily Specomyrminae, the most primitive group of true ants.<br />
|size1=500px<br />
|name2=Azteca alphaD.jpg<br />
|comment2= ''[[Azteca alpha]]'' from [[Dominican Amber|Dominican Republic Amber]].<br />
|size2=500px<br />
|name3=Baltic amber inclusions - Ant (Hymenoptera, Formicidae)10.JPG<br />
|comment3=An inclusion from [[Baltic Amber|Baltic amber]].<br />
|size3=500px<br />
|name4=Protoazteca-elongataF.jpg<br />
|comment4=''[[Protazteca elongata]]'', based on an impression fossil.<br />
|size4=500px<br />
}}<br />
<br />
==Amber - Fossil Resins==<br />
A few plant resins have the ability to fossilize and insects trapped and embeded in this matrix are known as amber fossils. Resin that is older than one million years are designated as amber and younger aged resins are known as copal.<br />
<br />
Amber is often designated by the type of plant exudate or given a mineral name. Ant fossils are most often named for its geographical origin; Dominican amber, Mexican amber, Baltic amber, Saxonian amber, Rovno amber, Spanish amber, Lebanese amber, etc.<br />
<br />
==Copal==<br />
Subfossil resins or Copal can be Carbon-14 dated so that the resin sold as "amber" in Madagascar by gem dealers is approximately 50 years old. The Copal from Colombia has been dated as 250 years old.<br />
<br />
==[[Ichnofossils]]==<br />
Trace fossils of ant nests. The evidence for these fossils representing preserved ant nest structures are based on interpretation of various elements of the ichnofossils that are analogous to modern day ant nests.<br />
<br />
==Fossil Taxa==<br />
*[[:Category:Extinct_subfamily|Subfamilies]]<br />
*[[:Category:Extinct_genus|Genera]]<br />
*[[:Category:Extinct_species|Species]]<br />
*[[:Category:Fossil|All fossils]] (subfamilies, genera and species)<br />
<br />
==Geologic Time Zones Containing Ants==<br />
*[[Pliocene]] - About 5.333 to 3.6 million years ago.<br />
*[[Miocene]] - About 23.03 to 5.332 million years ago.<br />
*[[Oligocene]] - About 34 million to 23 million years before the present.<br />
*[[Eocene]] - Lasted approximately from 56 to 34 million years ago.<br />
*[[Paleocene]] - Lasted from about 65.5 to 56 million years ago.<br />
*[[Cretaceous]] - From circa 145.5 to 65.5 million years ago.<br />
<br />
==Taxa by Geologic Time Zones==<br />
{| class="wikitable collapsible" style="clear:both;margin:0; font-size:95%"<br />
! Era<br />
! Period<br />
! Epoch<br />
! Age<br />
! Start, million years age<br />
! style="width: 15%"| Formations<br />
! Taxa<br />
|-<br />
|rowspan="24" style="background:{{period color|Cenozoic}}"| Cenozoic<br />
|rowspan="7" style="background:{{period color|Quaternary}}"| Quaternary<br />
|rowspan="3" style="background:{{period color|Holocene}}"| Holocene<br />
|style="background:#fcf0f2"|Meghalayan<br />
|style="background:#fcf0f2"| {{Period start|meghalayan}}<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|style="background:#fcf0e8"| Northgrippian<br />
|style="background:#fcf0e8"| {{Period start|northgrippian}}<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|style="background:#fcf0de"| Greenlandian<br />
|style="background:#fcf0de"| {{Period start|greenlandian}}<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|rowspan="4" style="background:{{period color|Pleistocene}}"| Pleistocene<br />
|style="background:{{period color|Upper Pleistocene}}"| Late ''('Tarantian')''<br />
|style="background:{{period color|upper Pleistocene}}"| {{Period start|Late pleistocene}}<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|style="background:{{period color|Middle Pleistocene}}"| Chibanian<br />
|style="background:{{period color|Middle Pleistocene}}"| {{Period start|middle pleistocene}}<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|style="background:{{period color|Calabrian}}"| Calabrian<br />
|style="background:{{period color|Calabrian}}"| {{Period start|calabrian}}<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|style="background:{{period color|Gelasian}}"| Gelasian<br />
|style="background:{{period color|Gelasian}}"| {{Period start|gelasian}}<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|rowspan="8" style="background:{{period color|Neogene}}"| Neogene<br />
|rowspan="2" style="background:{{period color|Pliocene}}"| [[Pliocene]]<br />
|style="background:{{period color|Piacenzian}}"| Piacenzian<br />
|style="background:{{period color|Piacenzian}}"| {{Period start|piacenzian}}<br />
|{{FossilFormationsForAgeRange|3.6|.6}}<br />
|{{FossilSpeciesForAgeRange|3.6|.6}}<br />
|-<br />
|style="background:{{period color|Zanclean}}"| Zanclean<br />
|style="background:{{period color|Zanclean}}"| {{Period start|zanclean}}<br />
|{{FossilFormationsForAgeRange|5.32|3.6}}<br />
|{{FossilSpeciesForAgeRange|5.32|3.6}}<br />
|-<br />
|rowspan="6" style="background:{{period color|Miocene}}"| [[Miocene]]<br />
|style="background:{{period color|Messinian}}"| Messinian<br />
|style="background:{{period color|Messinian}}"| {{Period start|messinian}}<br />
|{{FossilFormationsForAgeRange|7.3|5.3}}<br />
|{{FossilSpeciesForAgeRange|7.3|5.3}}<br />
|-<br />
|style="background:{{period color|Tortonian}}"| Tortonian<br />
|style="background:{{period color|Tortonian}}"| {{Period start|tortonian}}<br />
|{{FossilFormationsForAgeRange|11.7|7.2}}<br />
|{{FossilSpeciesForAgeRange|11.7|7.2}}<br />
|-<br />
|style="background:{{period color|Serravallian}}"| Serravallian<br />
|style="background:{{period color|Serravallian}}"| {{Period start|serravallian}}<br />
|{{FossilFormationsForAgeRange|13.9|11.6}}<br />
|{{FossilSpeciesForAgeRange|13.9|11.6}}<br />
|-<br />
|style="background:{{period color|Langhian}}"| Langhian<br />
|style="background:{{period color|Langhian}}"| {{Period start|langhian}}<br />
|{{FossilFormationsForAgeRange|16.1|13.8}}<br />
|{{FossilSpeciesForAgeRange|16.1|13.8}}<br />
|-<br />
|style="background:{{period color|Burdigalian}}"| Burdigalian<br />
|style="background:{{period color|Burdigalian}}"| {{Period start|burdigalian}}<br />
|{{FossilFormationsForAgeRange|20.5|15.97}}<br />
|{{FossilSpeciesForAgeRange|20.5|15.97}}<br />
|-<br />
|style="background:{{period color|Aquitanian}}"| Aquitanian<br />
|style="background:{{period color|Aquitanian}}"| {{Period start|aquitanian}}<br />
|{{FossilFormationsForAgeRange|23.1|20.44}}<br />
|{{FossilSpeciesForAgeRange|23.1|20.44}}<br />
|-<br />
|rowspan="9" style="background:{{period color|Paleogene}}"| Paleogene<br />
|rowspan="2" style="background:{{period color|Oligocene}}"| [[Oligocene]]<br />
|style="background:{{period color|Chattian}}"| Chattian<br />
|style="background:{{period color|Chattian}}"| {{Period start|chattian}}<br />
|{{FossilFormationsForAgeRange|28.2|23}}<br />
|{{FossilSpeciesForAgeRange|28.2|23}}<br />
|-<br />
|style="background:{{period color|Rupelian}}"| Rupelian<br />
|style="background:{{period color|Rupelian}}"| {{Period start|rupelian}}<br />
|{{FossilFormationsForAgeRange|34|28.1}}<br />
|{{FossilSpeciesForAgeRange|34|28.1}}<br />
|-<br />
|rowspan="4" style="background:{{period color|Eocene}}"| [[Eocene]]<br />
|style="background:{{period color|Priabonian}}"| Priabonian<br />
|style="background:{{period color|Priabonian}}"| {{Period start|priabonian}}<br />
|{{FossilFormationsForAgeRange|37.9|33.9}}<br />
|{{FossilSpeciesForAgeRange|37.9|33.9}}<br />
|-<br />
|style="background:{{period color|Bartonian}}"| Bartonian<br />
|style="background:{{period color|Bartonian}}"| {{Period start|bartonian}}<br />
|{{FossilFormationsForAgeRange|41.3|37.8}}<br />
|{{FossilSpeciesForAgeRange|41.3|37.8}}<br />
|-<br />
|style="background:{{period color|Lutetian}}"| Lutetian<br />
|style="background:{{period color|Lutetian}}"| {{Period start|lutetian}}<br />
|{{FossilFormationsForAgeRange|47.9|41.2}}<br />
|{{FossilSpeciesForAgeRange|47.9|41.2}}<br />
|-<br />
|style="background:{{period color|Ypresian}}"| Ypresian<br />
|style="background:{{period color|Ypresian}}"| {{Period start|ypresian}}<br />
|{{FossilFormationsForAgeRange|56.1|47.8}}<br />
|{{FossilSpeciesForAgeRange|56.1|47.8}}<br />
|-<br />
|rowspan="3" style="background:{{period color|Paleocene}}"| [[Paleocene]]<br />
|style="background:{{period color|Thanetian}}"| Thanetian<br />
|style="background:{{period color|Thanetian}}"| {{Period start|thanetian}}<br />
|{{FossilFormationsForAgeRange|59.3|56}}<br />
|{{FossilSpeciesForAgeRange|59.3|56}}<br />
|-<br />
|style="background:{{period color|Selandian}}"| Selandian<br />
|style="background:{{period color|Selandian}}"| {{Period start|selandian}}<br />
|{{FossilFormationsForAgeRange|61.7|59.2}}<br />
|{{FossilSpeciesForAgeRange|61.7|59.2}}<br />
|-<br />
|style="background:{{period color|Danian}}"| Danian<br />
|style="background:{{period color|Danian}}"| {{Period start|danian}}<br />
|{{FossilFormationsForAgeRange|66.1|61.6}}<br />
|{{FossilSpeciesForAgeRange|66.1|61.6}}<br />
|-<br />
|rowspan="12" style="background:{{period color|Mesozoic}}"| Mesozoic<br />
|rowspan="12" style="background:{{period color|Cretaceous}}" | [[Cretaceous]]<br />
|rowspan="6" style="background:{{period color|Late Cretaceous}}"| Late<br />
|style="background:{{period color|Maastrichtian}}"| Maastrichtian<br />
|style="background:{{period color|Maastrichtian}}"| {{Period start|maastrichtian}} ±&nbsp;0.2<br />
|{{FossilFormationsForAgeRange|72.2|66}}<br />
|{{FossilSpeciesForAgeRange|72.2|66}}<br />
|-<br />
|style="background:{{period color|Campanian}}"| Campanian<br />
|style="background:{{period color|Campanian}}"| {{Period start|campanian}} ±&nbsp;0.2<br />
|{{FossilFormationsForAgeRange|83.7|72.1}}<br />
|{{FossilSpeciesForAgeRange|83.7|72.1}}<br />
|-<br />
|style="background:{{period color|Santonian}}"| Santonian<br />
|style="background:{{period color|Santonian}}"| {{Period start|santonian}} ±&nbsp;0.5<br />
|{{FossilFormationsForAgeRange|86.4|83.6}}<br />
|{{FossilSpeciesForAgeRange|86.4|83.6}}<br />
|-<br />
|style="background:{{period color|Coniacian}}"| Coniacian<br />
|style="background:{{period color|Coniacian}}"| {{Period start|coniacian}} ±&nbsp;0.3<br />
|{{FossilFormationsForAgeRange|89.9|86.3}}<br />
|{{FossilSpeciesForAgeRange|89.9|86.3}}<br />
|-<br />
|style="background:{{period color|Turonian}}"| Turonian<br />
|style="background:{{period color|Turonian}}"| {{Period start|turonian}}<br />
|{{FossilFormationsForAgeRange|94|89.9}}<br />
|{{FossilSpeciesForAgeRange|94|89.8}}<br />
|-<br />
|style="background:{{period color|Cenomanian}}"| Cenomanian<br />
|style="background:{{period color|Cenomanian}}"| {{Period start|cenomanian}}<br />
|{{FossilFormationsForAgeRange|100.6|93.9}}<br />
|{{FossilSpeciesForAgeRange|100.6|93.9}}<br />
|-<br />
|rowspan="6" style="background:{{period color|Early Cretaceous}}"| Early<br />
|style="background:{{period color|Albian}}"| Albian<br />
|style="background:{{period color|Albian}}"| ~{{Period start|albian}}<br />
|{{FossilFormationsForAgeRange|113.1|100.5}}<br />
|{{FossilSpeciesForAgeRange|113.1|100.5}}<br />
|-<br />
|style="background:{{period color|Aptian}}"| Aptian<br />
|style="background:{{period color|Aptian}}"| ~{{Period start|aptian}}<br />
|{{FossilFormationsForAgeRange|125.1|113}}<br />
|{{FossilSpeciesForAgeRange|125.1|113}}<br />
|-<br />
|style="background:{{period color|Barremian}}"| Barremian<br />
|style="background:{{period color|Barremian}}"| ~{{Period start|barremian}}<br />
|{{FossilFormationsForAgeRange|129.5|125}}<br />
|{{FossilSpeciesForAgeRange|129.5|125}}<br />
|-<br />
|style="background:{{period color|Hauterivian}}"| Hauterivian<br />
|style="background:{{period color|Hauterivian}}"| ~{{Period start|hauterivian}}<br />
|{{FossilFormationsForAgeRange|133|129.4}}<br />
|{{FossilSpeciesForAgeRange|133|129.4}}<br />
|-<br />
|style="background:{{period color|Valanginian}}"| Valanginian<br />
|style="background:{{period color|Valanginian}}"| ~{{Period start|valanginian}}<br />
|{{FossilFormationsForAgeRange|140|132.9}}<br />
|{{FossilSpeciesForAgeRange|140|132.9}}<br />
|-<br />
|style="background:{{period color|Berriasian}}"| Berriasian<br />
|style="background:{{period color|Berriasian}}"| ~{{Period start|berriasian}}<br />
|{{FossilFormationsForAgeRange|145.1|139.8}}<br />
|{{FossilSpeciesForAgeRange|145.1|139.8}}<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
<br />
==Subfamily-level Phylogeny with Fossil Occurrences==<br />
{{Photo Gallery<br />
|noheading=yes<br />
|name1=Barden 2017, Fig. 3.jpg<br />
|comment1=A dated subfamily-level phylogeny with first confident fossil occurrences for each lineage, last occurrences indicated for extinct lineages. Fossil deposit numbers correspond with Table 2, Figure 4, and Figure 5. Tree topology as well as crown and divergence dates from MOREAU & BELL (2013), which is so far the largest Formicidae-wide analysis with respect to taxon sampling. No crown age included for Aneuretinae, Martialis, and Paraponerinae as these are monotypic. Agroecomyrmecinae includes no crown age due to insufficient terminal sampling. Lineages with dotted lines were not placed directly through analyses, but rather added to the molecule-derived topology of Moreau & Bell, which did not include fossils. Stem ants and Brownimecia were placed according to conservative results of BARDEN & GRIMALDI (2016) – Note that while Sphecomyrminae and stem group ants are depicted on a single lineage, this group is not necessarily monophyletic. Formiciinae placement is based on WARD (2007), although this position was not recovered in the only two phylogenetic treatments of the subfamily (BARONI URBANI & al. 1992, GRIMALDI & al. 1997), it seems plausible to this author (Barden, 2017, Fig. 3).<br />
|size1=1103px<br />
}}<br />
<br />
==Fossil Formations Known to Contain Ants==<br />
{{#cargo_query:<br />
tables=FossilFormation, FossilOccurrence, TaxonName<br />
|join on=FossilFormation.Formation=FossilOccurrence.Formation, FossilOccurrence._pageName=TaxonName._pageName<br />
|fields= CONCAT("[[", FossilFormation._pageName, "]]")=Formation, count(TaxonName.Species)=No. of Species, FossilFormation.Start=Start Age, FossilFormation.End=End Age, FossilFormation.Period, FossilFormation.Epoch, FossilFormation.Age, FossilFormation.Locality, FossilFormation.Country, FossilFormation.Coordinates, FossilFormation.Paleocoordinates, FossilFormation.Source, FossilFormation.Notes<br />
|where=TaxonName.Species <> ""<br />
|order by=FossilFormation._pageName<br />
|group by=FossilOccurrence.Formation<br />
}}<br />
<br />
==References==<br />
*[[Media:Barden, P. 2017. Fossil ants ancient diversity and the rise of modern lineages.pdf|Barden, P. 2017. Fossil ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae): ancient diversity and the rise of modern lineages. Myrmecological News 24: 1-30.]]<br />
*Bjorn Berning & Sigitas Podenas 2009. Amber: Archive of Deep Time. Denisia 26, zugleich Kataloge de Oberösterreichischen Landesmuseen N.S. 86. 294 pages.<br />
*DuBois, M. B.; LaPolla, J. S. 1999. A preliminary review of Colombian ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) preserved in copal. Entomol. News 110: 162-172<br />
*Grimaldi, D. and M. S. Engel, Evolution of the Insects Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 2005, xv+755 pp<br />
*Krynicki, V. E. 2013. Primitive ants (Hymenoptera: Sphecomyrminae) in the Campanian (Late Cretaceous) of North Carolina (USA). Life: The Excitement of Biology 1:156-165.<br />
*[[Media:LaPolla et al. - 2013 - Ants and the fossil record.pdf|LaPolla, J. S.; Dlussky, G. M.; Perrichot, V. 2013. Ants and the fossil record. Annual Review of Entomology 58:609-630.]]<br />
*[[Media:LaPolla, J.S., Greenwlalt, D.E. 2015. Fossil ants of the Middle Eocene Kishenehn Formation.pdf|LaPolla, J.S., Greenwalt, D.E. 2015. Fossil Ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) of the Middle Eocene Kishenehn Formation. Sociobiology. 62: 163-174]] ({{doi|10.13102/sociobiology.v62i2.163-174}}).<br />
*Schmidt AR, Perrichot V, Svojtka M, Anderson KB, Belete KH, Bussert R, Dörfelt H, Jancke S, Mohr B, Mohrmann E, Nascimbene PC, Nel A, Nel P, Ragazzi E, Roghi G, Saupe EE, Schmidt K, Schneider H, Selden PA, Vávra N. 2010. Cretaceous African life captured in amber. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 20;107(16): 7329-7334.<br />
*[[Media:Takahashi, Y., Aiba, H. 2023. Winged formicine ant fossils from the Chibanian (Middle Pleistocene) Shiobara Group, Tochigi Prefecture, Japan (10.5575@geosoc.2023.0023).pdf|Takahashi, Y., Aiba, H. 2023. Winged formicine ant fossils (Hymenoptera, Formicidae) from the Chibanian (Middle Pleistocene) Shiobara Group, Tochigi Prefecture, Japan. The Journal of the Geological Society of Japan 1291, 573–578]] ({{doi|10.5575/geosoc.2023.0023}}).<br />
*Wilson, E. O.; Carpenter, F. M.; Brown, W. L., Jr. 1967a. The first Mesozoic ants, with the description of a new subfamily. Psyche (Camb.) 74: 1-19.<br />
<br />
{{AWNavboxFossils}}</div>SShattuckhttps://antwiki.org/wiki/index.php?title=Fossil_Ants&diff=709223Fossil Ants2024-03-28T02:59:11Z<p>SShattuck: </p>
<hr />
<div>Fossil ants include both specimens fossilised in shale or other stone (compression fossils) and ants embedded in Amber. Copal is a general term that refers to non-fossilised resin material whatever its geological age. Copal older than Holocene is referred to as fossil copal. <br />
<br />
The geologic age of the deposits are important in understanding the evolution of ants as well as their extinction and the distribution of ants worldwide. In some cases the surrounding vegetation and insects that are preserved along with the ants allows a partial reconstruction of the habitat and in some cases the microhabitat as well.<br />
<br />
Winged and worker ants were much larger in times past so that some ant specimens are still identifiable as ants when found in stone. Specimens preserved in amber are in much better condition allowing for a more reliable identification.<br />
__TOC__<br />
{{Photo Gallery<br />
|name1=Gerontoformica cretacica.jpg<br />
|comment1=One of the earliest known ants, ''[[Gerontoformica cretacica]]'', from [[Charentese Amber|Charentese amber]], Aquitaine Basin, France. It belongs to the subfamily Specomyrminae, the most primitive group of true ants.<br />
|size1=500px<br />
|name2=Azteca alphaD.jpg<br />
|comment2= ''[[Azteca alpha]]'' from [[Dominican Amber|Dominican Republic Amber]].<br />
|size2=500px<br />
|name3=Baltic amber inclusions - Ant (Hymenoptera, Formicidae)10.JPG<br />
|comment3=An inclusion from [[Baltic Amber|Baltic amber]].<br />
|size3=500px<br />
|name4=Protoazteca-elongataF.jpg<br />
|comment4=''[[Protazteca elongata]]'', based on an impression fossil.<br />
|size4=500px<br />
}}<br />
<br />
==Amber - Fossil Resins==<br />
A few plant resins have the ability to fossilize and insects trapped and embeded in this matrix are known as amber fossils. Resin that is older than one million years are designated as amber and younger aged resins are known as copal.<br />
<br />
Amber is often designated by the type of plant exudate or given a mineral name. Ant fossils are most often named for its geographical origin; Dominican amber, Mexican amber, Baltic amber, Saxonian amber, Rovno amber, Spanish amber, Lebanese amber, etc.<br />
<br />
==Copal==<br />
Subfossil resins or Copal can be Carbon-14 dated so that the resin sold as "amber" in Madagascar by gem dealers is approximately 50 years old. The Copal from Colombia has been dated as 250 years old.<br />
<br />
==[[Ichnofossils]]==<br />
Trace fossils of ant nests. The evidence for these fossils representing preserved ant nest structures are based on interpretation of various elements of the ichnofossils that are analogous to modern day ant nests.<br />
<br />
==Fossil Taxa==<br />
*[[:Category:Extinct_subfamily|Subfamilies]]<br />
*[[:Category:Extinct_genus|Genera]]<br />
*[[:Category:Extinct_species|Species]]<br />
*[[:Category:Fossil|All fossils]] (subfamilies, genera and species)<br />
<br />
==Geologic Time Zones Containing Ants==<br />
*[[Pliocene]] - About 5.333 to 3.6 million years ago.<br />
*[[Miocene]] - About 23.03 to 5.332 million years ago.<br />
*[[Oligocene]] - About 34 million to 23 million years before the present.<br />
*[[Eocene]] - Lasted approximately from 56 to 34 million years ago.<br />
*[[Paleocene]] - Lasted from about 65.5 to 56 million years ago.<br />
*[[Cretaceous]] - From circa 145.5 to 65.5 million years ago.<br />
<br />
==Taxa by Geologic Time Zones==<br />
{| class="wikitable collapsible" style="clear:both;margin:0; font-size:95%"<br />
! Era<br />
! Period<br />
! Epoch<br />
! Age<br />
! Start, million years age<br />
! style="width: 15%"| Formations<br />
! Taxa<br />
|-<br />
|rowspan="24" style="background:{{period color|Cenozoic}}"| Cenozoic<br />
|rowspan="7" style="background:{{period color|Quaternary}}"| Quaternary<br />
|rowspan="3" style="background:{{period color|Holocene}}"| Holocene<br />
|style="background:#fcf0f2"|Meghalayan<br />
|style="background:#fcf0f2"| {{Period start|meghalayan}}<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|style="background:#fcf0e8"| Northgrippian<br />
|style="background:#fcf0e8"| {{Period start|northgrippian}}<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|style="background:#fcf0de"| Greenlandian<br />
|style="background:#fcf0de"| {{Period start|greenlandian}}<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|rowspan="4" style="background:{{period color|Pleistocene}}"| Pleistocene<br />
|style="background:{{period color|Upper Pleistocene}}"| Late ''('Tarantian')''<br />
|style="background:{{period color|upper Pleistocene}}"| {{Period start|Late pleistocene}}<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|style="background:{{period color|Middle Pleistocene}}"| Chibanian<br />
|style="background:{{period color|Middle Pleistocene}}"| {{Period start|middle pleistocene}}<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|style="background:{{period color|Calabrian}}"| Calabrian<br />
|style="background:{{period color|Calabrian}}"| {{Period start|calabrian}}<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|style="background:{{period color|Gelasian}}"| Gelasian<br />
|style="background:{{period color|Gelasian}}"| {{Period start|gelasian}}<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|rowspan="8" style="background:{{period color|Neogene}}"| Neogene<br />
|rowspan="2" style="background:{{period color|Pliocene}}"| [[Pliocene]]<br />
|style="background:{{period color|Piacenzian}}"| Piacenzian<br />
|style="background:{{period color|Piacenzian}}"| {{Period start|piacenzian}}<br />
|{{FossilFormationsForAgeRange|3.6|.6}}<br />
|{{FossilSpeciesForAgeRange|3.6|.6}}<br />
|-<br />
|style="background:{{period color|Zanclean}}"| Zanclean<br />
|style="background:{{period color|Zanclean}}"| {{Period start|zanclean}}<br />
|{{FossilFormationsForAgeRange|5.32|3.6}}<br />
|{{FossilSpeciesForAgeRange|5.32|3.6}}<br />
|-<br />
|rowspan="6" style="background:{{period color|Miocene}}"| [[Miocene]]<br />
|style="background:{{period color|Messinian}}"| Messinian<br />
|style="background:{{period color|Messinian}}"| {{Period start|messinian}}<br />
|{{FossilFormationsForAgeRange|7.3|5.3}}<br />
|{{FossilSpeciesForAgeRange|7.3|5.3}}<br />
|-<br />
|style="background:{{period color|Tortonian}}"| Tortonian<br />
|style="background:{{period color|Tortonian}}"| {{Period start|tortonian}}<br />
|{{FossilFormationsForAgeRange|11.7|7.2}}<br />
|{{FossilSpeciesForAgeRange|11.7|7.2}}<br />
|-<br />
|style="background:{{period color|Serravallian}}"| Serravallian<br />
|style="background:{{period color|Serravallian}}"| {{Period start|serravallian}}<br />
|{{FossilFormationsForAgeRange|13.9|11.6}}<br />
|{{FossilSpeciesForAgeRange|13.9|11.6}}<br />
|-<br />
|style="background:{{period color|Langhian}}"| Langhian<br />
|style="background:{{period color|Langhian}}"| {{Period start|langhian}}<br />
|{{FossilFormationsForAgeRange|16.1|13.8}}<br />
|{{FossilSpeciesForAgeRange|16.1|13.8}}<br />
|-<br />
|style="background:{{period color|Burdigalian}}"| Burdigalian<br />
|style="background:{{period color|Burdigalian}}"| {{Period start|burdigalian}}<br />
|{{FossilFormationsForAgeRange|20.5|15.97}}<br />
|{{FossilSpeciesForAgeRange|20.5|15.97}}<br />
|-<br />
|style="background:{{period color|Aquitanian}}"| Aquitanian<br />
|style="background:{{period color|Aquitanian}}"| {{Period start|aquitanian}}<br />
|{{FossilFormationsForAgeRange|23.1|20.44}}<br />
|{{FossilSpeciesForAgeRange|23.1|20.44}}<br />
|-<br />
|rowspan="9" style="background:{{period color|Paleogene}}"| Paleogene<br />
|rowspan="2" style="background:{{period color|Oligocene}}"| [[Oligocene]]<br />
|style="background:{{period color|Chattian}}"| Chattian<br />
|style="background:{{period color|Chattian}}"| {{Period start|chattian}}<br />
|{{FossilFormationsForAgeRange|28.2|23}}<br />
|{{FossilSpeciesForAgeRange|28.2|23}}<br />
|-<br />
|style="background:{{period color|Rupelian}}"| Rupelian<br />
|style="background:{{period color|Rupelian}}"| {{Period start|rupelian}}<br />
|{{FossilFormationsForAgeRange|34|28.1}}<br />
|{{FossilSpeciesForAgeRange|34|28.1}}<br />
|-<br />
|rowspan="4" style="background:{{period color|Eocene}}"| [[Eocene]]<br />
|style="background:{{period color|Priabonian}}"| Priabonian<br />
|style="background:{{period color|Priabonian}}"| {{Period start|priabonian}}<br />
|{{FossilFormationsForAgeRange|37.9|33.9}}<br />
|{{FossilSpeciesForAgeRange|37.9|33.9}}<br />
|-<br />
|style="background:{{period color|Bartonian}}"| Bartonian<br />
|style="background:{{period color|Bartonian}}"| {{Period start|bartonian}}<br />
|{{FossilFormationsForAgeRange|41.3|37.8}}<br />
|{{FossilSpeciesForAgeRange|41.3|37.8}}<br />
|-<br />
|style="background:{{period color|Lutetian}}"| Lutetian<br />
|style="background:{{period color|Lutetian}}"| {{Period start|lutetian}}<br />
|{{FossilFormationsForAgeRange|47.9|41.2}}<br />
|{{FossilSpeciesForAgeRange|47.9|41.2}}<br />
|-<br />
|style="background:{{period color|Ypresian}}"| Ypresian<br />
|style="background:{{period color|Ypresian}}"| {{Period start|ypresian}}<br />
|{{FossilFormationsForAgeRange|56.1|47.8}}<br />
|{{FossilSpeciesForAgeRange|56.1|47.8}}<br />
|-<br />
|rowspan="3" style="background:{{period color|Paleocene}}"| [[Paleocene]]<br />
|style="background:{{period color|Thanetian}}"| Thanetian<br />
|style="background:{{period color|Thanetian}}"| {{Period start|thanetian}}<br />
|{{FossilFormationsForAgeRange|59.3|56}}<br />
|{{FossilSpeciesForAgeRange|59.3|56}}<br />
|-<br />
|style="background:{{period color|Selandian}}"| Selandian<br />
|style="background:{{period color|Selandian}}"| {{Period start|selandian}}<br />
|{{FossilFormationsForAgeRange|61.7|59.2}}<br />
|{{FossilSpeciesForAgeRange|61.7|59.2}}<br />
|-<br />
|style="background:{{period color|Danian}}"| Danian<br />
|style="background:{{period color|Danian}}"| {{Period start|danian}}<br />
|{{FossilFormationsForAgeRange|66.1|61.6}}<br />
|{{FossilSpeciesForAgeRange|66.1|61.6}}<br />
|-<br />
|rowspan="12" style="background:{{period color|Mesozoic}}"| Mesozoic<br />
|rowspan="12" style="background:{{period color|Cretaceous}}" | [[Cretaceous]]<br />
|rowspan="6" style="background:{{period color|Late Cretaceous}}"| Late<br />
|style="background:{{period color|Maastrichtian}}"| Maastrichtian<br />
|style="background:{{period color|Maastrichtian}}"| {{Period start|maastrichtian}} ±&nbsp;0.2<br />
|{{FossilFormationsForAgeRange|72.2|66}}<br />
|{{FossilSpeciesForAgeRange|72.2|66}}<br />
|-<br />
|style="background:{{period color|Campanian}}"| Campanian<br />
|style="background:{{period color|Campanian}}"| {{Period start|campanian}} ±&nbsp;0.2<br />
|{{FossilFormationsForAgeRange|83.7|72.1}}<br />
|{{FossilSpeciesForAgeRange|83.7|72.1}}<br />
|-<br />
|style="background:{{period color|Santonian}}"| Santonian<br />
|style="background:{{period color|Santonian}}"| {{Period start|santonian}} ±&nbsp;0.5<br />
|{{FossilFormationsForAgeRange|86.4|83.6}}<br />
|{{FossilSpeciesForAgeRange|86.4|83.6}}<br />
|-<br />
|style="background:{{period color|Coniacian}}"| Coniacian<br />
|style="background:{{period color|Coniacian}}"| {{Period start|coniacian}} ±&nbsp;0.3<br />
|{{FossilFormationsForAgeRange|89.9|86.3}}<br />
|{{FossilSpeciesForAgeRange|89.9|86.3}}<br />
|-<br />
|style="background:{{period color|Turonian}}"| Turonian<br />
|style="background:{{period color|Turonian}}"| {{Period start|turonian}}<br />
|{{FossilFormationsForAgeRange|94|89.9}}<br />
|{{FossilSpeciesForAgeRange|94|89.8}}<br />
|-<br />
|style="background:{{period color|Cenomanian}}"| Cenomanian<br />
|style="background:{{period color|Cenomanian}}"| {{Period start|cenomanian}}<br />
|{{FossilFormationsForAgeRange|100.6|93.9}}<br />
|{{FossilSpeciesForAgeRange|100.6|93.9}}<br />
|-<br />
|rowspan="6" style="background:{{period color|Early Cretaceous}}"| Early<br />
|style="background:{{period color|Albian}}"| Albian<br />
|style="background:{{period color|Albian}}"| ~{{Period start|albian}}<br />
|{{FossilFormationsForAgeRange|113.1|100.5}}<br />
|{{FossilSpeciesForAgeRange|113.1|100.5}}<br />
|-<br />
|style="background:{{period color|Aptian}}"| Aptian<br />
|style="background:{{period color|Aptian}}"| ~{{Period start|aptian}}<br />
|{{FossilFormationsForAgeRange|125.1|113}}<br />
|{{FossilSpeciesForAgeRange|125.1|113}}<br />
|-<br />
|style="background:{{period color|Barremian}}"| Barremian<br />
|style="background:{{period color|Barremian}}"| ~{{Period start|barremian}}<br />
|{{FossilFormationsForAgeRange|129.5|125}}<br />
|{{FossilSpeciesForAgeRange|129.5|125}}<br />
|-<br />
|style="background:{{period color|Hauterivian}}"| Hauterivian<br />
|style="background:{{period color|Hauterivian}}"| ~{{Period start|hauterivian}}<br />
|{{FossilFormationsForAgeRange|133|129.4}}<br />
|{{FossilSpeciesForAgeRange|133|129.4}}<br />
|-<br />
|style="background:{{period color|Valanginian}}"| Valanginian<br />
|style="background:{{period color|Valanginian}}"| ~{{Period start|valanginian}}<br />
|{{FossilFormationsForAgeRange|140|132.9}}<br />
|{{FossilSpeciesForAgeRange|140|132.9}}<br />
|-<br />
|style="background:{{period color|Berriasian}}"| Berriasian<br />
|style="background:{{period color|Berriasian}}"| ~{{Period start|berriasian}}<br />
|{{FossilFormationsForAgeRange|145.1|139.8}}<br />
|{{FossilSpeciesForAgeRange|145.1|139.8}}<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
<br />
==Subfamily-level Phylogeny with Fossil Occurrences==<br />
{{Photo Gallery<br />
|noheading=yes<br />
|name1=Barden 2017, Fig. 3.jpg<br />
|comment1=A dated subfamily-level phylogeny with first confident fossil occurrences for each lineage, last occurrences indicated for extinct lineages. Fossil deposit numbers correspond with Table 2, Figure 4, and Figure 5. Tree topology as well as crown and divergence dates from MOREAU & BELL (2013), which is so far the largest Formicidae-wide analysis with respect to taxon sampling. No crown age included for Aneuretinae, Martialis, and Paraponerinae as these are monotypic. Agroecomyrmecinae includes no crown age due to insufficient terminal sampling. Lineages with dotted lines were not placed directly through analyses, but rather added to the molecule-derived topology of Moreau & Bell, which did not include fossils. Stem ants and Brownimecia were placed according to conservative results of BARDEN & GRIMALDI (2016) – Note that while Sphecomyrminae and stem group ants are depicted on a single lineage, this group is not necessarily monophyletic. Formiciinae placement is based on WARD (2007), although this position was not recovered in the only two phylogenetic treatments of the subfamily (BARONI URBANI & al. 1992, GRIMALDI & al. 1997), it seems plausible to this author (Barden, 2017, Fig. 3).<br />
|size1=1103px<br />
}}<br />
<br />
==Fossil Formations Known to Contain Ants==<br />
{{#cargo_query:<br />
tables=FossilFormation, FossilOccurrence, TaxonName<br />
|join on=FossilFormation.Formation=FossilOccurrence.Formation, FossilOccurrence._pageName=TaxonName._pageName<br />
|fields= CONCAT("[[", FossilFormation._pageName, "]]")=Formation, count(TaxonName.Species)=No. of Species, FossilFormation.Start=Start Age, FossilFormation.End=End Age, FossilFormation.Period, FossilFormation.Epoch, FossilFormation.Age, FossilFormation.Locality, FossilFormation.Country, FossilFormation.Coordinates, FossilFormation.Paleocoordinates, FossilFormation.Source, FossilFormation.Notes<br />
|where=TaxonName.Species <> ""<br />
|order by=FossilFormation._pageName<br />
|group by=FossilOccurrence.Formation<br />
}}<br />
<br />
==References==<br />
*[[Media:Barden, P. 2017. Fossil ants ancient diversity and the rise of modern lineages.pdf|Barden, P. 2017. Fossil ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae): ancient diversity and the rise of modern lineages. Myrmecological News 24: 1-30.]]<br />
*Bjorn Berning & Sigitas Podenas 2009. Amber: Archive of Deep Time. Denisia 26, zugleich Kataloge de Oberösterreichischen Landesmuseen N.S. 86. 294 pages.<br />
*DuBois, M. B.; LaPolla, J. S. 1999. A preliminary review of Colombian ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) preserved in copal. Entomol. News 110: 162-172<br />
*Grimaldi, D. and M. S. Engel, Evolution of the Insects Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 2005, xv+755 pp<br />
*Krynicki, V. E. 2013. Primitive ants (Hymenoptera: Sphecomyrminae) in the Campanian (Late Cretaceous) of North Carolina (USA). Life: The Excitement of Biology 1:156-165.<br />
*[[Media:LaPolla et al. - 2013 - Ants and the fossil record.pdf|LaPolla, J. S.; Dlussky, G. M.; Perrichot, V. 2013. Ants and the fossil record. Annual Review of Entomology 58:609-630.]]<br />
*[[Media:LaPolla, J.S., Greenwlalt, D.E. 2015. Fossil ants of the Middle Eocene Kishenehn Formation.pdf|LaPolla, J.S., Greenwalt, D.E. 2015. Fossil Ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) of the Middle Eocene Kishenehn Formation. Sociobiology. 62: 163-174]] ({{doi|10.13102/sociobiology.v62i2.163-174}}).<br />
*[http://homepage.mac.com/paulselden/Sites/Website/PNAS2010.pdf] Schmidt AR, Perrichot V, Svojtka M, Anderson KB, Belete KH, Bussert R, Dörfelt H, Jancke S, Mohr B, Mohrmann E, Nascimbene PC, Nel A, Nel P, Ragazzi E, Roghi G, Saupe EE, Schmidt K, Schneider H, Selden PA, Vávra N. 2010. Cretaceous African life captured in amber. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 20;107(16):7329-34.<br />
*[[Media:Takahashi, Y., Aiba, H. 2023. Winged formicine ant fossils from the Chibanian (Middle Pleistocene) Shiobara Group, Tochigi Prefecture, Japan (10.5575@geosoc.2023.0023).pdf|Takahashi, Y., Aiba, H. 2023. Winged formicine ant fossils (Hymenoptera, Formicidae) from the Chibanian (Middle Pleistocene) Shiobara Group, Tochigi Prefecture, Japan. The Journal of the Geological Society of Japan 1291, 573–578]] ({{doi|10.5575/geosoc.2023.0023}}).<br />
*[http://gap.entclub.org/taxonomists/Wilson/Mesozoic%20ants%20subfamily.pdf] Wilson, E. O.; Carpenter, F. M.; Brown, W. L., Jr. 1967a. The first Mesozoic ants, with the description of a new subfamily. Psyche (Camb.) 74: 1-19<br />
<br />
{{AWNavboxFossils}}</div>SShattuckhttps://antwiki.org/wiki/index.php?title=Strumigenys_rogeri&diff=709208Strumigenys rogeri2024-03-27T05:13:39Z<p>SShattuck: Add reference from PDF.</p>
<hr />
<div>{{Italic title}}<br />
{{Taxobox<br />
|name = ''Strumigenys rogeri''<br />
|image = Strumigenys rogeri casent0005897 head 1.jpg<br />
|image_width = {{width}}<br />
|regnum = [[Animal]]ia<br />
|phylum = [[Arthropod]]a<br />
|classis = [[Insect]]a<br />
|ordo = [[Hymenoptera]]<br />
|familia = [[Formicidae]]<br />
|subfamilia = [[Myrmicinae]]<br />
|tribus = [[Attini]]<br />
|genus = ''[[Strumigenys]]''<br />
|species = '''''S. rogeri'''''<br />
|binomial = ''Strumigenys rogeri''<br />
|binomial_authority = Emery, 1890<br />
----<br />
[[File:Strumigenys rogeri casent0005897 profile 1.jpg|{{width}}]]<br />
<br />
[[File:Strumigenys rogeri casent0005897 dorsal 1.jpg|{{width}}]]<br />
<br />
[[:File:Strumigenys rogeri casent0005897 label 1.jpg|Specimen labels]]|Specimen labels<br />
<br />
|synonyms =<br />
*''[[Strumigenys incisa]]'' Godfrey, 1907<br />
*''[[Strumigenys sulfurea]]'' Santschi, 1915<br />
}}<br />
''Strumigenys rogeri'' is a very small ant (total length ~ 2.5 mm) that nests in and under dead wood and preys on tiny soil arthropods. This species has spread to many parts of the world through human commerce. However, because ''S. rogeri'' workers are so small and slow moving, and they become motionless when disturbed, most people, including field biologists, remain unaware of their presence. ''Strumigenys rogeri'' apparently originated in tropical Africa, where its closest relatives all live, but it has become wide-spread on tropical islands of the Indo-Pacific and the West Indies, and in peninsular Florida. Outside of Africa and Florida, there are only a small number of continental records of ''S. rogeri'', including a few from South and Central America and just one from continental Asia, in peninsular Malaysia. It is unclear whether ''S. rogeri'' has not yet spread to these continental areas, whether continental ants have competitively excluded ''S. rogeri'', or whether these ants have been simply overlooked in surveys of diverse continental faunae. There is little information on what impact ''S. rogeri'' may be having on the native mesofauna in its exotic range. (Wetterer 2012)<br />
{{At a Glance<br />
|Item1=Secretly invasive<br />
|Link1=Invasive Ants<br />
|Item2 = Parthenogenetic<br />
|Link2 = Parthenogenesis<br />
}}<br />
==Identification==<br />
Bolton (2000) - A member of the [[Strumigenys_rogeri_group#rogeri_complex|''rogeri'' complex]] in the [[Strumigenys rogeri group|''Strumigenys rogeri ''-group]]. In both ''[[Strumigenys bernardi]]'' and ''[[Strumigenys vazerka]]'' the mandibles are slender and obviously bowed outward. On each mandible the proximal preapical tooth is elongate, slender and spiniform, shallowly recurved and usually distinctly longer than the maximum width of the mandible. Distal preapical teeth much smaller and inconspicuous, that on the right mandible usually completely concealed by the left apicodorsal tooth at full closure. Distal preapical tooth of left mandible frequently missing in ''bernardi''. Most samples of ''bernardi'' can quickly be discriminated from ''vazerka'' (and also ''rogeri'') by this lack, as the distal preapical tooth of the left mandible is always present in ''vazerka''. However, in some populations of ''bernardi'' a distal preapical denticle or small tooth is retained. These can be identified as the propodeal dorsum is reticulate-punctate in ''bernardi'', smooth and shining in ''vazerka''.<br />
<br />
Bolton (1983) - Among the members of the ''rogeri''-complex in which the preocular notch is strongly developed and extends onto the ventral surface of the head as a transverse groove or impression, ''rogeri'' is characterized by its simple dentition (without intercalary teeth in the apical fork and with a full complement of preapical teeth), relatively long straight mandibles, long antennal scapes, presence of pronotal flagellate hairs, and presence of characteristically shaped upper scrobe margins which lack a projecting laminar rim or flange.<br />
<br />
Bharti & Akbar (2013), India - The species is easily recognized in the Indian fauna as it is the only one to have the ventrolateral margin of the head deeply indented immediately in front of the eye, so deeply that the anterior portion of the eye is detached from the side of the head. Ventral surface of head with a transverse preocular impression that is posterior to and separate from the postbuccal groove. Preapical dentition of each mandible of two articles; with a preapical tooth and a denticle (Bolton, 2000).<br />
{{Photo Gallery |noheading=yes<br />
|name1=Tang, K.L., Guénard, B. 2023. Further additions to the knowledge of Strumigenys within South East Asia (10.5852@ejt.2023.907.2327), Fig. 35.jpg<br />
|comment1=Tang & Guenard (2023), Fig. 35. New species records of ''Strumigenys'' in full-face, profile and dorsal views. A–C. Worker of ''S. rogeri'' from Thailand (ANTWEB1011943). D–F. Worker of ''S. sauteri from Hainan, mainland China (HNA-00767). G–I. Worker of ''S. sauteri'' from Vietnam (NN-S67-sp14).<br />
|size1=450px<br />
}}<br />
{{Species identification keys}}<br />
<br />
==Distribution==<br />
'''Native''': Afrotropical region, known from Ivory Coast to Zanzibar Archipelago (Tanzania) and south to Angola (Tang et al., 2019).<br />
<br />
'''Introduced''': A widespread species in multiple biogeographic realms. For a full global account, see antmaps.org (Janicki et al. 2016; Guénard et al. 2017). Here, the Asian distribution is presented for the Oriental realm (Hong Kong; Kerala [India]; Java and Sumatra [Indonesia], Peninsular and East Malaysia [Malaysia], Philippines, and Taiwan). We can also confirm the presence of this species from Vietnam, which was previously reported by Zryanin (2011) (Tang et al., 2019).<br />
<br />
In Florida (where it is introduced) it is a common species in bayheads and swamp forest as far north as northern Orange County. Pest status: none. First published Florida record: Deyrup and Trager 1984; earlier specimens: 1965. (Deyrup, Davis & Cover, 2000.)<br />
<br />
The record of this tramp species in Hong Kong is not surprising considering its widespread range in nearby countries (Philippines, Taiwan, and Vietnam), which have relatively similar climatic conditions. However, a single alate has been collected from a mangrove habitat, an unlikely habitat for this species, and no workers have been collected in Hong Kong. Nonetheless, the record from Hong Kong is the first observation of this species for mainland China (Tang et al., 2019).<br />
<br />
{{Latitudinal Distribution<br />
|north_latitude_limit=6.417222222<br />
|south_latitude_limit=-6.26755<br />
|north_temperate=<br />
|north_subtropical=<br />
|tropical=yes<br />
|south_subtropical=<br />
|south_temperate=<br />
|source =[https://antmaps.org AntMaps]<br />
|notes =<br />
}}<br />
<!--DO NOT EDIT THIS TEXT. To update this list add or remove taxa from individual regional taxon list pages.--><br />
===Distribution based on [[:Category:Regional Taxon List|Regional Taxon Lists]]===<br />
'''[[:Category:Afrotropical Region|Afrotropical Region]]''': [[Angola]], [[Burundi]], [[Cameroun]], [[Comoros]], [[Gabon]], [[Ghana]], [[Ivory Coast]], [[Nigeria]], [[United Republic of Tanzania]].<br />'''[[:Category:Australasian Region|Australasian Region]]''': [[New Caledonia]].<br />'''[[:Category:Indo-Australian Region|Indo-Australian Region]]''': [[Borneo]], [[Fiji]], [[Indonesia]], [[Malaysia]], [[Marshall Islands]], [[Micronesia (Federated States of)]], [[New Guinea]], [[Niue]], [[Northern Mariana Islands]], [[Philippines]], [[Samoa]], [[Singapore]], [[Solomon Islands]], [[Tonga]], [[Vanuatu]], [[Wallis and Futuna Islands]].<br />'''[[:Category:Malagasy Region|Malagasy Region]]''': [[Madagascar]], [[Mauritius]], [[Mayotte]], [[Réunion]], [[Seychelles]].<br />'''[[:Category:Nearctic Region|Nearctic Region]]''': [[Canada]], [[United States]].<br />'''[[:Category:Neotropical Region|Neotropical Region]]''': [[Barbados]], [[British Virgin Islands]], [[Costa Rica]], [[Cuba]], [[Dominican Republic]], [[Greater Antilles]], [[Grenada]], [[Guadeloupe]], [[Haiti]], [[Honduras]], [[Lesser Antilles]], [[Mexico]], [[Netherlands Antilles]], [[Puerto Rico]], [[Saint Lucia]].<br />'''[[:Category:Oriental Region|Oriental Region]]''': [[India]], [[Thailand]], [[Vietnam]].<br />'''[[:Category:Palaearctic Region|Palaearctic Region]]''': [[China]], [[Morocco]], [[United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland]].<br /><br />
<!--END OF DISTRIBUTION LIST--><br />
{{AntMapsMap}}<br />
{{Countries Occupied|count=50}}<br />
{{Estimated Abundance|count=47}}<br />
<br />
[[File:Wetterer 2012 rogeri figure 5.jpg|600px|border]]<br />
<br />
==Biology==<br />
''Strumigenys rogeri'' is a well known and very efficient tramp species, probably of West African origin but very widely distributed in the tropics by human commerce. It has also been recorded from hothouses and other constantly heated buildings in the temperate zone. Brown (1954) gives observations on the biology of ''rogeri'' which were made by Wilson in Cuba. In West Africa the species usually nests in rotten wood on the ground or under the bark of larger fallen trunks or branches, but on occasion it will nest directly in the soil or in wood which has crumbled almost to powder. The Neotropical distribution of ''rogeri'' is summarized by Brown (1962b) and Kempf (1972), and the Pacific distribution by Wilson & Taylor (1967).<br />
<br />
Brown (1954): "I am fortunate also in having important notes on the biology of ''S. rogeri'' made by E. O. Wilson during his stay in Cuba in the summer of 1953.<br />
<br />
Wilson took his observation colony at San Vicente, Pinar del Rio, Cuba, from a small nest under a rotten limb lying on well shaded ground. The galleries extended into the wood itself. Transferred to a small plaster observation nest, the workers readily captured numbers of entomobryoid collembolans proffered; campodeids up to four times the length of the ants were also always accepted and, like the entomobryoids, were fed to the larvae. Also observed to be chewed by the larvae after capture were a small psocopteran, a small ichneumonid wasp, and a small, injured embiopteran that had previously been ignored by<br />
a colony of ''Smithistruma nigrescens'' (= ''[[Strumigenys nigrescens]])'' Wheeler. A symphylan and a pseudoscorpion, one each, were accepted and eaten by the larvae, but only after lengthy contact with the ants. Other specimens of these last two groups seem to have been refused by the larvae after capture on some occasions. A small polydesmid millipede was also captured, but soon rejected by larvae and workers. Consistently avoided or ignored when offered in the intimate confines of the observation nest were mites, nasute and other termites, small isopods, poduroid collembolans, adult staphylinid and sylvanid beetles of small size, a small campodeiform beetle larva, and dead mosquitoes, though the beetles mentioned disappeared from the nest and may possibly have been eaten.. Drosophila adults werc caught by the adults, but later discarded.<br />
<br />
Entomobryoid collembolans seemed to be the usual and preferred prey fed to the larvae, although campodeids were never refused. In feeding habits, therefore, ''S. rogeri'' follows the generic habit of collembolan predation but, like some other widespread dacetine species, it will also accept a variety of other small arthropods, particularly campodeids, when available. In hunting, or when disturbed, the workers and females open the mandibles to slightly more than 180 degrees."<br />
<br />
===Regional Notes===<br />
====Puerto Rico====<br />
Wheeler (1908): Numerous workers and females taken from several colonies nesting under stones in a nearly dry stream bottom behind the Coamo baths. The rediscovery of the female of this species shows that Emery was right in his contention that Roger had described two very different species under the name of ''Pyrmaica gundlachi'' (=''[[Strumigenys gundlachi]]''). The females among my specimens agree perfectly with Roger's description and figure.<br />
<br />
====Florida (USA)====<br />
Deyrup (1997) reports this species is often the dominant dacetine ant in moist hammocks and swamp forest.<br />
<br />
Clouse (1999) - Found ''Strumigenys rogeri'' to be common in wet areas of Everglades National Park and occurring in high densities along marshy trails on the Eastern Florida coast.<br />
<br />
Deyrup, Davis & Cover (2000): This species is the common dacetine in bayheads, baygalls, and other swamp forest habitats in south and central Florida. Samples collected by Walter Suter between 1960 and 1970 suggest that several species of ''[[Strumigenys]]'', including ''[[Strumigenys louisianae]]'', were much more common in the absence of ''S. rogeri'' than they are today, although our survey methods may not replicate Suter's, and there have been many other changes in Florida since 1970. Since this species is apparently moving northward, it might be useful to do some intensive sampling ahead of its advance.<br />
<br />
====Costa Rica====<br />
Longino (Ants of Costa Rica) - At La Selva Biological Station, ''rogeri'' occurs in leaf litter deep within mature rainforest. Thus, it appears to be one of the few exotics that can invade mature forest, rather than being restricted to synanthropic habitats.<br />
<br />
====Hong Kong====<br />
Using Malaise traps at various locations, Tang et al. (2019) collected female alates that had flown from their nests in sampling conducted from mid-June to mid-July.<br />
<br />
====Morocco====<br />
This species was captured in a natural habitat, 100 m from the road, in the largest cork oak forest in the world at Khémisset, Morocco (Taheri & Reyes-Lopez, 2023).<br />
<br />
==Castes==<br />
===Worker===<br />
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<br />
====Images from [https://www.antweb.org AntWeb]====<br />
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<br />
===Queen===<br />
====Images from [https://www.antweb.org AntWeb]====<br />
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|uploader=California Academy of Sciences<br />
|uploaderid=1<br />
|caste=queen<br />
|subcaste=alate/dealate<br />
|typestatus=<br />
}}<br />
<br />
===Male===<br />
====Images from [https://www.antweb.org AntWeb]====<br />
{{SpecimenImage<br />
|file1=Strumigenys rogeri casent0137483 head 1.jpg<br />
|file2=Strumigenys rogeri casent0137483 profile 1.jpg<br />
|file3=Strumigenys rogeri casent0137483 profile 2.jpg<br />
|file4=Strumigenys rogeri casent0137483 dorsal 1.jpg<br />
|file5=Strumigenys rogeri casent0137483 label 1.jpg<br />
|antwebimage=yes<br />
|ownedby=CAS, San Francisco, CA, USA<br />
|specimencode=casent0137483<br />
|photographer=Erin Prado<br />
|photographerid=53<br />
|uploader=California Academy of Sciences<br />
|uploaderid=1<br />
|caste=male<br />
|subcaste=alate<br />
|typestatus=<br />
}}<br />
<br />
==Nomenclature==<br />
{{Nomenclature}}<br />
*''<span style='color:red;font-weight:bold;'>rogeri.</span> Strumigenys rogeri'' Emery, 1890b: 68, pl. 7, fig. 6 (w.) ANTILLES. Forel, 1893g: 378 (q.). Senior synonym of ''incisa'': Donisthorpe, 1915d: 341; of ''sulfurea'': Brown, 1954k: 20. See also: Bolton, 1983: 387; Bolton, 2000: 604.<br />
*''incisa. Strumigenys incisa'' Godfrey, 1907: 102 (w.) GREAT BRITAIN. Junior synonym of ''rogeri'': Donisthorpe, 1915d: 341.<br />
*''sulfurea. Strumigenys sulfurea'' Santschi, 1915c: 261 (w.) GABON. Junior synonym of ''rogeri'': Brown, 1954k: 20.<br />
<br />
{{nomenplus}}<br />
<br />
<!--Un-comment this template when adding type specimen data<br />
===Type Material===<br />
*{{TypeSpecimen<br />
|publishedname=<br />
|status=<br />
|statuspublication=<br />
|material=<br />
|locality=<br />
|country=Antilles<br />
|coordinates={{Inline coordinates|||0|NS|||0|EW}} COMMENT OUT IF UNKNOWN<br />
|collector=<br />
|collectiondate=<br />
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--><br />
===Description===<br />
====Worker====<br />
Bolton (1983) - TL 2.3-2.8, HL 0.58-0.74, HW 0.42-0.52, CI 69-75, ML 0.31-0.40, MI 51-58, SL 0.36-0.46, SI 82-89, PW 0.27-0.32, AL 0.58-0.68 (40 measured).<br />
<br />
Mandibular blades almost straight and at full closure nearly parallel, not obviously bowed outwards. Apical fork of each blade with 2 spiniform teeth, without intercalary teeth or denticles. Preapical armament of 2 teeth on each blade, set in the distal third of the blade's length; the proximal preapical teeth larger than the distals. Upper scrobe margins narrowly concave immediately behind the frontal lobes, with a pinched-in appearance in full-face view. Behind this the upper scrobe margins feebly divergent to the level of the eye and relatively close together, sometimes even shallowly concave directly above the eye, then developed and the anterior portion of the eye detached from the side of the head. Preocular notch continued onto the ventral surface of the head as a broad impression which runs transversely immediately in front of the level of the eye, but not reaching the ventral midline. Antennal scapes long and slender, approximately straight, the leading edges equipped with a row of narrowly spatulate hairs which are angled towards the apex. Dorsum of head with short narrowly spatulate ground-pilosity which is directed anteriorly, the upper scrobe margins with a row of larger anteriorly curved spoon-shaped hairs. With the head in profile the dorsum with 6 standing hairs which are arranged as a row of 4 transversely close to the occipital margin and a more anteriorly situated pair. Dorsum of head reticulate-punctate. Pronotal humeri each with a long fine flagellate hair and the mesonotum with a single pair of stout standing hairs. Otherwise the dorsal alitrunk without standing hairs, the ground-pilosity of sparse narrow hairs which are closely applied to the surface. With the alitrunk in profile the posterior portion of the mesonotum sharply depressed, the metanotal groove represented by a transverse line across the dorsum but not or only minutely impressed. Propodeal teeth triangular and subtended by narrow infradental lamellae. Sides of alitrunk sometimes completely smooth but usually the propodeum punctulate and the pronotum with faint traces of striolate or costulate sculpture anteriorly. Pronotal dorsum longitudinally striolate or costulate on a finely punctate surface, but in some the costulae may be very feeble and indistinct; the median costula is usually stronger and more sharply defined than any other and in many samples forms a weak median longitudinal carina at least on the: anterior half of the pronotum. Remainder of dorsal alitrunk reticulate-punctate. Dorsum of petiole node weakly reticulate-punctate, the postpetiole generally smooth but sometimes with vague sculptural vestiges. Petiole in profile with a spongiform ventral strip and the node with a transverse collar posteriorly. In profile the postpetiole with large ventral and lateral spongiform lobes. In dorsal view the postpetiole with a posterior spongiform strip which abuts a similar but narrower strip on the base of the first tergite. Basigastral costulae sparse but sharply defined. Dorsal surfaces of petiole, postpetiole and gaster with stout standing hairs which are weakly swollen apically. Colour dull yellow to light medium brown.<br />
<br />
===Type Material===<br />
Bolton (2000):<br />
<br />
Holotype worker, ST THOMAS I. (West Indies) ({{MCSN}}) [examined].<br />
<br />
''Strumigenys incisa'' Godfrey, 1907: 102 [attributed to Forel]. Syntype workers, GREAT BRITAIN: Scotland, Edinburgh, hothouse in Royal Botanic Garden, 10.vi.1904 (R. Godfrey) ({{BMNH}}) [examined].<br />
<br />
''Strumigenys sulfurea'' Santschi, 1915: 261. Syntype workers, GABON: Samkita (F. Faure) ({{NHMB}}) [examined].<br />
<br />
==References==<br />
*[[Media:Bharti, H. & Akbar, S.A. 2013. Taxonomic studies on the ant genus Strumigenys with report of two new species.pdf|Bharti, H. & Akbar, S.A. 2013. Taxonomic studies on the ant genus ''Strumigenys'' Smith, 1860 (Hymenoptera, Formicidae) with report of two new species and five new records including a tramp species from India. Sociobiology 60, 387-396 (doi:10.13102/sociobiology.v60i4.387-396).]]<br />
*[[Media:Blard, F., Dorow, W.-H.-O., Delabie, J. H. C. 2003. Les Fourmis de l’île de la Réunion (10.3406@bsef.2003.16939).pdf|Blard, F., Dorow, W.-H.-O., Delabie, J. H. C. 2003. Les Fourmis de l’île de la Réunion (Hymenoptera, Formicidae). Bulletin de La Société Entomologique de France, 108(2), 127–137]] ({{doi|10.3406/bsef.2003.16939}}).<br />
*[[Media:Bolton 1983.pdf|Bolton, B. 1983. The Afrotropical dacetine ants (Formicidae). Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History). Entomology. 46:267-416.]] (page 387, redescription of worker)<br />
*Bolton, B. 2000. The ant tribe Dacetini. Memoirs of the American Entomological Institute. 65:1-1028. (page 604, catalogue)<br />
*[[Media:Borowiec 2014 Catalogue of ants of Europe.pdf|Borowiec, L. 2014. Catalogue of ants of Europe, the Mediterranean Basin and adjacent regions (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). Genus (Wroclaw) 25(1-2): 1-340.]]<br />
*Brown, W. L., Jr. 1954k. The ant genus Strumigenys Fred. Smith in the Ethiopian and Malagasy regions. Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology 112: 1-34 (page 20, senior synonym of sulfurea)<br />
*[[Media:Brown 1962c.pdf|Brown, W. L., Jr. 1962c. The neotropical species of the ant genus ''Strumigenys'' Fr. Smith: synopsis and keys to the species. Psyche. 69:238-267.]]<br />
*Clouse, R. 1999: Leaf-litter inhabitants of a Brazilian pepper stand in Everglades National Park. Florida Entomologist 82: 388-403.<br />
*[[Media:Dekoninck, W., Wauters, N. et al. 2019. Hormigas de Colombia. Cap. 35. Hormigas invasoras en Colombia.pdf|Dekoninck, W., Wauters, N., Delsinne, T. 2019. Capitulo 35. Hormigas invasoras en Colombia. Hormigas de Colombia.]]<br />
*Deyrup, M. 1997. Dacetine ants of the Bahamas (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). Bahamas J. Sci. 5:2-6.<br />
*[[Media:Deyrup, M., Davis, L. & Cover, S. 2000. Exotic ants in Florida.pdf|Deyrup, M., Davis, L. & Cover, S. 2000. Exotic ants in Florida. Transactions of the American Entomological Society 126, 293-325.]]<br />
*Deyrup, M.; Trager, J. 1985 [1984]. Strumigenys rogeri, an African dacetine ant new to the U.S. (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). Fla. Entomol. 67: 512-516 (page 512, record in United States)<br />
*Donisthorpe, H. 1915f. British ants, their life-history and classification. Plymouth: Brendon & Son Ltd., xv + 379 pp. (page 341, senior synonym of incisa)<br />
*[[Media:Emery 1890c.pdf|Emery, C. 1890c. Studii sulle formiche della fauna neotropica. Bullettino della Società Entomologica Italiana 22:38-80.]] (page 68, pl. 7, fig. 6 worker described)<br />
*[[Media:Fontenla, J.L., Brito, Y.M. 2011. Hormigas invasoras y vagabundas de Cuba.pdf|Fontenla, J.L., Brito, Y.M. 2011. Hormigas invasoras y vagabundas de Cuba. Fitosanidad 15(4), 253-259.]]<br />
*Forel, A. 1893j. Formicides de l'Antille St. Vincent, récoltées par Mons. H. H. Smith. Trans. Entomol. Soc. Lond. 1893: 333-418 (page 378, queen described)<br />
*[[Media:Hamer, M.T., Telfer, M.G. et al. 2023. Rediscovered after 102 years - Strumigenys rogeri is rediscoverd in Britain.pdf|Hamer, M.T., Telfer, M.G., Turner, C.R. 2023. Rediscovered after 102 years: ''Strumigenys rogeri'' (Formicidae; Myrmicinae) is rediscoverd in Britain from the Eden Project East Cornwall (VC 22). British Journal of Entomology, Natural History 36, 225-231.]]<br />
*[[Media:Hamer, M.T., Turner, C.R. 2024. Strumigenys emmae new to Britian (10.11646@zootaxa.5415.4.6).pdf|Hamer, M.T., Turner, C.R. 2024. ''Strumigenys emmae'' (Emery, 1890) (Myrmicinae) new to Britain, with an updated key to the known ''Strumigenys'' of the West Palaearctic. Zootaxa 5415(4), 570–576]] ({{doi|10.11646/zootaxa.5415.4.6}}).<br />
*[[Media:Ito, F., Makita, S. et al. 2021. Thelytokous parthenogenesis by dealate queens in the myrmicine ant Monomorium hiten (10.20362@am.014001).pdf|Ito, F., Makita, S., Nakao, H., Hosokawa, R., Kikuchi, T., Yamane, S. 2021. Thelytokous parthenogenesis by dealate queens in the myrmicine ant ''Monomorium hiten'' distributed in Nansei Islands, western Japan, with description of the male. Asian Myrmecology 14: e014001]] ({{doi|10.20362@am.014001}}).<br />
*[[Media:Larabee, F.J., Suarez, A.V. 2014. The evolution and functional morphology of trap-jaw ants.pdf|Larabee, F.J., Suarez, A.V. 2014. The evolution and functional morphology of trap-jaw ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). Myrmecological News 20: 25-36.]]<br />
*Lee, C.C., Hsu, S.H., Yang, C.C., Lin, C.C. 2017. Thelytokous parthenogenesis in the exotic dacetine ant ''Strumigenys rogeri'' (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) in Taiwan. Entomological Science 21: 28–33.<br />
*[[Media:Liu, C., Sarnat, E.M. et al. 2020. Colonize, radiate, decline (10.1111@evo.13983).pdf|Liu, C., Sarnat, E.M., Friedman, N.R., Hita Garcia, F., Darwell, C., Booher, D., Kubota, Y., Mikheyev, A.S., Economo, E.P. 2020. Colonize, radiate, decline: Unraveling the dynamics of island community assembly with Fijian trap‐jaw ants. Evolution 74, 1082–1097]] ({{doi|10.1111/EVO.13983}}).<br />
*[[Media:Lubertazzi, D. 2019. The ants of Hispaniola (10.3099@MCZ-43.1).pdf|Lubertazzi, D. 2019. The ants of Hispaniola. Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology, 162(2), 59-210]] ({{doi|10.3099/mcz-43.1}}).<br />
*[[Media:MacGown, J.O., Wetterer, J.K. 2013. Distribution and biological notes of Strumigenys margaritae (10.1163@18749836-06001066).pdf|MacGown, J.A., Wetterer, J.K. 2013. Distribution and biological notes of ''Strumigenys margaritae'' (Hymenoptera: Formicidae: Dacetini). Terrestrial Arthropod Reviews 6, 247–255]] ({{doi|10.1163/18749836-06001066}}).<br />
*[[Media:Meurgey, F., Ramage, T. 2020. Challenging the Wallacean shortfall.pdf|Meurgey, F. 2020. Challenging the Wallacean shortfall: A total assessment of insect diversity on Guadeloupe (French West Indies), a checklist and bibliography. Insecta Mundi 786: 1–183.]]<br />
*[[Media:Michlewicz, M. 2022. Strumigenys emmae in Poland (10.5281@zenodo.6559247).pdf|Michlewicz, M. 2022. ''Strumigenys emmae'' (Emery, 1890) (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) in Poland – first record of this pantropic ant species from Europe with remarks on its biology. Annals of the Upper Silesian Museum in Bytom, Entomology 31 (online 007): 1-5]] ({{doi|10.5281/ZENODO.6559247}}).<br />
*[[Media:Oussalah, N., Marniche, F. et al. 2019. Exotic ants from the Maghreb (10.32800@amz.2019.17.0045).pdf|Oussalah, N., Marniche, F., Espadaler, X., Biche, M. 2019. Exotic ants from the Maghreb (Hymenoptera, Formicidae) with first report of the hairy alien ant ''Nylanderia jaegerskioeldi'' (Mayr) in Algeria. Arxius de Miscel·lània Zoològica, 45–58]] ({{doi|10.32800/amz.2019.17.0045}}).<br />
*[[Media:Purkaret, A., Repta, F. et al. 2021. Notes on Strumigenys argiola.pdf|Purkaret, A., Repta, F., Selnekovic, D., Jancik, L., Holecova, M. 2021. Notes on ''Strumigenys argiola'' (Emery, 1869) (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) with emphasis on its distribution, ecology and behaviour. Entomofauna Carpathica 33(2): 73-88.]]<br />
*[[Media:Rosas-Mejia, M., Guenard, B. et al. 2021. Alien ants in Mexico (10.1007@s10530-020-02423-1).pdf|Rosas-Mejía, M., Guénard, B., Aguilar-Méndez, M. J., Ghilardi, A., Vásquez-Bolaños, M., Economo, E. P., Janda, M. 2021. Alien ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) in Mexico: the first database of records. Biological Invasions 23(6), 1669–1680]] ({{doi|10.1007/s10530-020-02423-1}}).<br />
*[[Media:Sarnat, E.M., Hita-Garcia, F. et al. 2019. Ready species one (10.1093@isd@ixz005).pdf|Sarnat, E.M., Hita-Garcia, F., Dudley, K., Liu, C., Fischer, G., Economo, E.P. 2019. Ready species one: Exploring the use of augmented reality to enhance systematic biology with a revision of Fijian ''Strumigenys'' (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). Insect Systematics and Diversity 3(6): 6; 1–43]] ({{doi|10.1093/isd/ixz005}}).<br />
*[[Media:Taheri, A., Reyes-Lopez, J.L. 2023. New and additional records for the ant fauna of Morocco (10.51963@jers.v25i1.1995).pdf|Taheri, A., Reyes-Lopez, J.L. 2023. New and additional records for the ant fauna (Hymenoptera, Formicidae) of Morocco. Journal of the Entomological Research Society 25(1): 1-10]] ({{doi|10.51963/jers.v25i1.1995}})<br />
*[[Media:Tang, K. L., Guénard, B. 2023. Further additions to the knowledge of Strumigenys within South East Asia (10.5852@ejt.2023.907.2327).pdf|Tang, K. L., Guénard, B. 2023. Further additions to the knowledge of ''Strumigenys'' (Formicidae: Myrmicinae) within South East Asia, with the descriptions of 20 new species. European Journal of Taxonomy 907, 1–144]] ({{doi|10.5852/ejt.2023.907.2327}}).<br />
*[[Media:Tang, K.L., Pierce, M.P., Guénard, B. 2019. Review of the genus Strumigenys in Hong Kong.pdf|Tang, K.L., Pierce, M.P., Guénard, B. 2019. Review of the genus ''Strumigenys'' (Hymenoptera, Formicidae, Myrmicinae) in Hong Kong with the description of three new species and the addition of five native and four introduced species records. ZooKeys 831: 1–48 (DOI 10.3897/zookeys.831.31515).]]<br />
*[[Media:Wang, C., Chung, F.-Y. et al. 2023. The spongiform tissue in Strumigenys ants contains exocrine glands (10.1016@j.asd.2023.101246).pdf|Wang, C., Chung, F.-Y., Lin, C.-C., Gibson, J. C., McGuire, S., Suarez, A. V., Billen, J. 2023. The spongiform tissue in ''Strumigenys'' ants contains exocrine glands. Arthropod Structure & Development 73, 101246]] ({{doi|10.1016/j.asd.2023.101246}}).<br />
*[[Media:Wang, C., Lin, C.-C. et al. 2021. The ‘hairwheels’ in Strumigenys ants are not glandular (10.20362@am.013004).pdf|Wang, C., Lin, C.-C., Keller, R.A., Billen, J. 2021. The ‘hairwheels’ in ''Strumigenys'' ants are not glandular. Asian Myrmecology 13: e013004]] ({{doi|10.20362/am.013004}}).<br />
*[[Media:Wang, C., Sung, P.-J. et al. 2023. Parthenogenetic reproduction in Strumigenys ants (10.3390@insects14020195).pdf|Wang, C., Sung, P.-J., Lin, C.-C., Ito, F., Billen, J. 2023. Parthenogenetic reproduction in ''Strumigenys'' ants: An update. Insects 14, 195]] ({{doi|10.3390/insects14020195}}).<br />
*[[Media:Wang, W.Y., Soh, E.J.Y. et al. 2022. Remarkable diversity in a little red dot (10.20362@am.015006).pdf|Wang, W.Y., Soh, E.J.Y., Yong, G.W.J., Wong, M.K.L., Benoit Guénard, Economo, E.P., Yamane, S. 2022. Remarkable diversity in a little red dot: a comprehensive checklist of known ant species in Singapore (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) with notes on ecology and taxonomy. Asian Myrmecology 15: e015006]] ({{doi|10.20362/am.015006}}).<br />
*[[Media:Wetterer, J.K. 2012. Worldwide spread of Roger's dacetine ant, Strumigenys rogeri.pdf|Wetterer, J.K. 2012. Worldwide spread of Roger's dacetine ant, ''Strumigenys rogeri'' (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). Myrmecological News 16:1-6.]]<br />
*[[Media:Wetterer, J.K. 2021. Ants (Hymenoptera, Formicidae) of St. Vincent, West Indies (10.13102@sociobiology.v68i2.6725).pdf|Wetterer, J.K. 2021. Ants (Hymenoptera, Formicidae) of St. Vincent, West Indies. Sociobiology 68, e6725]] ({{doi|10.13102/sociobiology.v68i2.6725}}).<br />
*Wheeler, W. M. 1908a. The ants of Porto Rico and the Virgin Islands. Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist. 24: 117-158.<br />
<br />
==References based on [https://benoitguenard.wordpress.com/gabi-articles/ Global Ant Biodiversity Informatics]==<br />
*Belshaw R., and B. Bolton. 1994. A survey of the leaf litter ant fauna in Ghana, West Africa (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). Journal of Hymenoptera Research. 3: 5-16.<br />
*Bolton B. 1983. The Afrotropical dacetine ants (Formicidae). Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History). Entomology 46: 267-416.<br />
*Bolton, B. 2000. The Ant Tribe Dacetini. Memoirs of the American Entomological Institute 65<br />
*Brown W. L. Jr. 1954. The ant genus Strumigenys Fred. Smith in the Ethiopian and Malagasy regions. Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology 112: 1-34.<br />
*IZIKO South Africa Museum Collection<br />
*Santschi F. 1915. Nouvelles fourmis d'Afrique. Annales de la Société Entomologique de France 84: 244-282.<br />
*Taylor B. 1979. Ants of the Nigerian Forest Zone (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). III. Myrmicinae (Cardiocondylini to Meranoplini). Cocoa Research Institute of Nigeria Research Bulletin 6: 1-65.<br />
*Yeo K., and A. Hormenyo. 2007. A Rapid Survey of Ants in Ajenjua Bepo and Mamang River Forest Reserves, Eastern Region of Ghana. Pp 27-29. In McCullough, J., P. Hoke, P. Naskrecki, and Y. Osei-Owusu (eds.). 2008. A Rapid Biological Assessment of the Ajenjua Bepo and Mamang River Forest Reserves, Ghana. RAP Bulletin of Biological Assessment 50. Conservation International, Arlington, VA, USA.<br />
<br />
[[category:Species]]<br />
[[category:Extant species]]<br />
[[category:Formicidae]][[category:Myrmicinae]][[category:Attini]][[category:Strumigenys]][[category:Strumigenys rogeri]]<br />
[[category:Myrmicinae species]][[category:Attini species]][[category:Strumigenys species|rogeri]]<br />
[[category:Ssr]]</div>SShattuckhttps://antwiki.org/wiki/index.php?title=Strumigenys_perplexa&diff=709207Strumigenys perplexa2024-03-27T05:13:25Z<p>SShattuck: Add reference from PDF.</p>
<hr />
<div>{{Italic title}}<br />
{{Taxobox<br />
|name = ''Strumigenys perplexa''<br />
|image = Strumigenys perplexa casent0172366 head 1.jpg<br />
|image_width = {{width}}<br />
|regnum = [[Animal]]ia<br />
|phylum = [[Arthropod]]a<br />
|classis = [[Insect]]a<br />
|ordo = [[Hymenoptera]]<br />
|familia = [[Formicidae]]<br />
|subfamilia = [[Myrmicinae]]<br />
|tribus = [[Attini]]<br />
|genus = ''[[Strumigenys]]''<br />
|species = '''''S. perplexa'''''<br />
|binomial = ''Strumigenys perplexa''<br />
|binomial_authority = (Smith, F., 1876)<br />
----<br />
[[File:Strumigenys perplexa casent0172366 profile 1.jpg|{{width}}]]<br />
<br />
[[File:Strumigenys perplexa casent0172366 dorsal 1.jpg|{{width}}]]<br />
<br />
[[:File:Strumigenys perplexa casent0172366 label 1.jpg|Specimen labels]]|Specimen labels<br />
|synonyms =<br />
*''[[Strumigenys antarctica]]'' Forel, 1892<br />
*''[[Strumigenys leae]]'' Forel, 1913<br />
}}<br />
<br />
Bolton (2000) - By far the most common and widely distributed dacetine in Australia, ''S. perplexa'' also occurs in New Zealand and on Lord Howe Island, Norfolk Island and Philip Island. It is known to be the host species of the [[Inquilinism|socially parasitic]] {{Associate|Relationship = host|Associate Type = ant|Associate Type Link = Inquilinism|Associate Taxon = ''Strumigenys xenos''|Associate Taxon Link = Strumigenys xenos|Associate Relationship = workerless inquiline|Locality =|Source =|Notes =|Inline = yes}} in the first two of these localities (Brown, 1955; Taylor, 1968a).<br />
{{At a Glance<br />
|Item1=Limited invasive<br />
|Link1=Invasive Ants<br />
}}<br />
<br />
==Identification==<br />
Bolton (2000) - A member of the [[Strumigenys_godeffroyi_group#signeae_complex|''signeae'' complex]] in the [[Strumigenys godeffroyi group|''Strumigenys godeffroyi''-group]]. Among the Austral members of the ''signeae''-complex ''perplexa'', together with ''[[Strumigenys geryon]]'', ''[[Strumigenys gryphon]]'', ''[[Strumigenys cingatrix]]'' and ''[[Strumigenys deuteras]]'', are characterised, and easily recognised, by the 3 or 4 distinct pairs of stiffly erect stout hairs on the mesonotum. Of these, ''geryon'' and ''gryphon'' have numerous long slender hairs on the first gastral tergite that are finely filiform to flagellate, whereas gastral hairs in the remainder are short, stiffly erect and tend to be blunt apically. ''S. perplexa'' is distinguished from its closest congeners, ''cingatrix'' and ''deuteras'' by the characters given in the key, but see also the notes under ''cingatrix''.<br />
<br />
Of all the large amount of ''perplexa'' material examined the vast majority has MI 40-48.<br />
However, a few samples, mostly from Queensland and northern New South Wales, have shorter mandibles, MI 34-38. These samples also tend to be dark in colour, have a head that on average is somewhat narrower (CI 69-75, as opposed to CI 73-79), have a lateral alitrunk that is mostly unsculptured, and have fewer rows of hairs on the first gastral tergite; in extreme cases the hairs are reduced to merely an apical and a basal row. I had initially separated these few series as a sibling species, but the acquisition of more material produced individuals that were intermediate in one or more of these characters. In effect there may be two or even more close sibling species here. I can not resolve the problem at this time so all are retained here as a single species. A more detailed analysis in the future, when more of the supposed intermediates are available, may produce different results.<br />
<br />
{{Species identification keys}}<br />
<br />
==Distribution==<br />
{{Latitudinal Distribution<br />
|north_latitude_limit=-25.91666667<br />
|south_latitude_limit=-41.35<br />
|north_temperate=<br />
|north_subtropical=<br />
|tropical=<br />
|south_subtropical=yes<br />
|south_temperate=yes<br />
|source =[https://antmaps.org AntMaps]<br />
|notes =<br />
}}<br />
<!--DO NOT EDIT THIS TEXT. To update this list add or remove taxa from individual regional taxon list pages.--><br />
===Distribution based on [[:Category:Regional Taxon List|Regional Taxon Lists]]===<br />
'''[[:Category:Australasian Region|Australasian Region]]''': [[Australia]] {{SmallFont|([[type locality]])}}, [[Lord Howe Island]], [[New Zealand]] {{SmallFont|([[type locality]])}}, [[Norfolk Island]].<br />'''[[:Category:Indo-Australian Region|Indo-Australian Region]]''': [[Philippines]].<br /><br />
<!--END OF DISTRIBUTION LIST--><br />
{{AntMapsMap}}<br />
{{Countries Occupied|count=5}}<br />
{{Estimated Abundance|count=247}}<br />
<br />
==Biology==<br />
Brown (1954) - ''Strumigenys perplexa'' shows surprisingly wide tolerance with respect to nesting sites, and has been found in dry, open woodland in South Australia and western Victoria, as well as in the dark, moist fern gullies in the hills east of Melbourne.<br />
<br />
==Castes==<br />
===Worker===<br />
{{SpecimenImage<br />
|file1=Strumigenys-perplexaH10x.jpg<br />
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<br />
====Images from [https://www.antweb.org AntWeb]====<br />
{{SpecimenImage<br />
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<br />
===Queen===<br />
====Images from [https://www.antweb.org AntWeb]====<br />
{{SpecimenImage<br />
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{{SpecimenImage<br />
|file1=Strumigenys perplexa casent0178475 head 1.jpg<br />
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{{SpecimenImage<br />
|file1=Strumigenys perplexa casent0178872 head 1.jpg<br />
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|caste=queen<br />
|subcaste=alate/dealate<br />
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}}<br />
<br />
==Nomenclature==<br />
{{Nomenclature}}<br />
*''<span style='color:red;font-weight:bold;'>perplexa.</span> Orectognathus perplexus'' Smith, F. 1876c: 491 (w.q.) NEW ZEALAND. Wheeler, G.C. & Wheeler, J. 1955a: 140 (l.); Wheeler, G.C. & Wheeler, J. 1973c: 214 (l.). Combination in ''Strumigenys'': Emery, 1897c: 575. Senior synonym of ''antarctica'': Emery, 1924d: 321; of ''leae'': Brown, 1958h: 38. See also: Bolton, 2000: 967.<br />
*''antarctica. Strumigenys antarctica'' Forel, 1892c: 338 (w.) NEW ZEALAND. Junior synonym of ''perplexa'': Emery, 1924d: 321.<br />
*''leae. Strumigenys leae'' Forel, 1913g: 182 (w.q.) AUSTRALIA (Tasmania). Junior synonym of ''perplexa'': Brown, 1958h: 38.<br />
{{nomenplus}}<br />
<br />
===Description===<br />
====Worker====<br />
Bolton (2000) - TL 2.0-2.6, HL 0.53-0.65, HW 0.42-0.49, CI 69-79, ML 0.21-0.30, MI 34-48, SL 0.29-0.36, SI 68-78, PW 0.25-0.30, AL 0.53-0.68 (35 measured).<br />
<br />
With characters of ''signeae''-complex. Apical fork of right mandible with a single small intercalary tooth. Apicoscrobal hair short, stiff and simple, straight or very shallowly curved. Cephalic dorsum sharply reticulate-punctate; 4-6 short standing hairs present along occipital margin, sometimes also with a short erect pair near highest point of vertex. Main row of projecting hairs on leading edge of scape spatulate and curved; secondary hairs on the edge distinctly shorter and very much more slender, the two sets of hairs easily distinguished. Pronotal humeral hair stiff and simple, straight to shallowly curved; pronotal dorsum with 1-3 pairs of stiffly erect simple hairs and mesonotum with 3 (rarely 4) similar pairs. Entire dorsal alitrunk finely and densely reticulate-punctate. Side of pronotum varying from entirely reticulate-punctate to almost entirely smooth. Katepisternum smooth, at most with weak traces of sculpture around extreme periphery. Metapleuron and side of propodeum varying from almost entirely reticulate-punctate to almost entirely smooth; commonly with a variably sized smooth patch that extends over the upper portion of the metapleuron and lower portion of the side of the propodeum. Postpetiole usually unsculptured and smooth but often with traces of sculpture peripherally; never entirely sculptured over whole disc. Hairs on first gastral tergite short and straight, simple and stiffly erect, apically blunt; hairs usually evenly distributed over sclerite but in some populations reduced medially and sometimes with only a basal and an apical transverse row. Basigastral costulae usually shorter than disc of postpetiole, less commonly about as long as disc.<br />
<br />
===Type Material===<br />
Bolton (2000) - Syntype workers and queen, NEW ZEALAND: Tairua, near Mercury Bay (Brown) ({{BMNH}}) [examined].<br />
<br />
*{{TypeSpecimen<br />
|publishedname=''Orectognathus perplexus'' Smith, 1876<br />
|status=syntype<br />
|statuspublication=<br />
|material=worker(s), queen(s)<br />
|locality=Tairua, near Mercury Bay<br />
|country=New Zealand<br />
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*{{TypeSpecimen<br />
|publishedname=''Strumigenys antarctica'' Forel, 1892<br />
|status=syntype<br />
|statuspublication=<br />
|material=worker(s)<br />
|locality=Drury, Auckland<br />
|country=New Zealand<br />
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|collector=<br />
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|institution={{MHNG}}<br />
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}}<br />
*{{TypeSpecimen<br />
|publishedname=''Strumigenys leae'' Forel, 1913<br />
|status=syntype<br />
|statuspublication=<br />
|material=3 workers<br />
|locality=Chudleigh, Tasmania<br />
|country=Australia<br />
|coordinates=<br />
|collector=<br />
|collectiondate=<br />
|specimenidentifier=<br />
|institution={{MCZC}}<br />
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}}<br />
*{{TypeSpecimen<br />
|publishedname=''Strumigenys leae'' Forel, 1913<br />
|status=syntype<br />
|statuspublication=<br />
|material=worker(s)<br />
|locality=Tasmania<br />
|country=Australia<br />
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|collector=<br />
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|specimenidentifier=<br />
|institution={{MHNG}}<br />
|notes=<br />
}}<br />
<br />
==References==<br />
*Bolton, B. 2000. The ant tribe Dacetini. Memoirs of the American Entomological Institute. 65:1-1028. (page 967, figs. 524, 546 redescription of worker)<br />
*[[Media:Brown 1954b.pdf|Brown, W. L., Jr. 1954b. A preliminary report on dacetine ant studies in Australia. Ann. Entomol. Soc. Am. 46: 465-471.]]<br />
*Brown, W. L., Jr. 1958h. A review of the ants of New Zealand. Acta Hymenopterol. 1: 1-50 (page 38, senior synonym of leae)<br />
*Emery, C. 1897c. Formicidarum species novae vel minus cognitae in collectione Musaei Nationalis Hungarici quas in Nova-Guinea, colonia germanica, collegit L. Biró. Természetr. Füz. 20: 571-599 (page 575, Combination in Strumigenys)<br />
*Emery, C. 1924f [1922]. Hymenoptera. Fam. Formicidae. Subfam. Myrmicinae. [concl.]. Genera Insectorum 174C: 207-397 (page 321, senior synonym of antarctica)<br />
*[[Media:Hamer, M.T., Telfer, M.G. et al. 2023. Rediscovered after 102 years - Strumigenys rogeri is rediscoverd in Britain.pdf|Hamer, M.T., Telfer, M.G., Turner, C.R. 2023. Rediscovered after 102 years: ''Strumigenys rogeri'' (Formicidae; Myrmicinae) is rediscoverd in Britain from the Eden Project East Cornwall (VC 22). British Journal of Entomology, Natural History 36, 225-231.]]<br />
*[[Media:Hamer, M.T., Turner, C.R. 2024. Strumigenys emmae new to Britian (10.11646@zootaxa.5415.4.6).pdf|Hamer, M.T., Turner, C.R. 2024. ''Strumigenys emmae'' (Emery, 1890) (Myrmicinae) new to Britain, with an updated key to the known ''Strumigenys'' of the West Palaearctic. Zootaxa 5415(4), 570–576]] ({{doi|10.11646/zootaxa.5415.4.6}}).<br />
*[[Media:Heterick, B.E. 2021. A guide to the ants of Western Australia. Part I Systematics (10.18195@issn.0313-122x.86.2021.001-245).pdf|Heterick, B.E. 2021. A guide to the ants of Western Australia. Part I: Systematics. Records of the Western Australian Museum, Supplement 86, 1-245]] ({{doi|10.18195/issn.0313-122x.86.2021.001-245}}).<br />
*[[Media:Heterick, B.E. 2022. A guide to the ants of Western Australia. Part II, Distribution and biology (10.18195@issn.0313-122x.86.2022.247-510).pdf|Heterick, B.E. 2022. A guide to the ants of Western Australia. Part II: Distribution and biology. Records of the Western Australian Museum, supplement 86: 247-510]] ({{doi|10.18195/issn.0313-122x.86.2022.247-510}}).<br />
*[[Media:Purkaret, A., Repta, F. et al. 2021. Notes on Strumigenys argiola.pdf|Purkaret, A., Repta, F., Selnekovic, D., Jancik, L., Holecova, M. 2021. Notes on ''Strumigenys argiola'' (Emery, 1869) (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) with emphasis on its distribution, ecology and behaviour. Entomofauna Carpathica 33(2): 73-88.]]<br />
*Smith, F. 1876c. Descriptions of three new species of Hymenoptera (Formicidae) from New Zealand. Trans. Entomol. Soc. Lond. 1876: 489-492 (page 491, worker, queen described)<br />
*[[Media:Wang, C., Lin, C.-C. et al. 2021. The ‘hairwheels’ in Strumigenys ants are not glandular (10.20362@am.013004).pdf|Wang, C., Lin, C.-C., Keller, R.A., Billen, J. 2021. The ‘hairwheels’ in ''Strumigenys'' ants are not glandular. Asian Myrmecology 13: e013004]] ({{doi|10.20362/am.013004}}).<br />
*Wheeler, G. C.; Wheeler, J. 1955a [1954]. The ant larvae of the myrmicine tribes Basicerotini and Dacetini. Psyche (Camb.) 61: 111-145 (page 140, larva described)<br />
*Wheeler, G. C.; Wheeler, J. 1973c. The ant larvae of the tribes Basicerotini and Dacetini: second supplement (Hymenoptera: Formicidae: Myrmicinae). Pan-Pac. Entomol. 49: 207-214 (page 214, larva described)<br />
<br />
==References based on [https://benoitguenard.wordpress.com/gabi-articles/ Global Ant Biodiversity Informatics]==<br />
*Andersen A. N. 1983. A brief survey of ants in Glenaladale National Park, with particular reference to seed-harvesting. Victorian Naturalist 100(6): 233-237.<br />
*Bolton, B. 2000. The Ant Tribe Dacetini. Memoirs of the American Entomological Institute 65<br />
*Chong C-S., L. J. Thomson, and A. A. Hoffmann. 2011. High diversity of ants in Australian vineyards. Australian Journal of Entomology 50: 7-21.<br />
*Chong C. S., C. F. D'Alberto, L. J. Thomson, and A. A. Hoffmann. 2010. Influence of native ants on arthropods communities in a vineyard. Agricultural and Forest Entomology 12: 223-232.<br />
*Clay R. E., and K. E. Schneider. 2000. The ant (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) fauna of coastal heath in south-west Victoria: effects of dominance by Acacia sophorae and management actions to control it. Pacific Conservation Biology 6: 144-151.<br />
*Cumber, R. A. 1959. Distributional and biological notes on sixteen North Island species of Formicidae (Hymenoptera). New Zealand Entomologist 2(4):10-14.<br />
*Cumber, R.A. 1959. Distributional and biological notes on sixteen North Island species of Formicidae (Hymenoptera)<br />
*Forel A. 1913. Fourmis de Tasmanie et d'Australie récoltées par MM. Lae, Froggatt etc. Bull. Soc. Vaudoise Sci. Nat. 49: 173-195<br />
*Hoffmann, B. D., R. Graham, and D. Smith. 2017. Ant species accumulation on Lord Howe Island highlights the increasing need for effective biosecurity on islands. NeoBiota 34:41-52.<br />
*Lowery B. B., and R. J. Taylor. 1994. Occurrence of ant species in a range of sclerophyll forest communities at Old Chum Dam, north-eastern Tasmania. Australian Entomologist 21: 11-14.<br />
*Schnell M. R., A. J. Pik, and J. M. Dangerfield. 2003. Ant community succession within eucalypt plantations on used pasture and implications for taxonomic sufficiency in biomonitoring. Austral Ecology 28: 553565.<br />
*Sinclair J. E., and T. R. New. 2004. Pine plantations in south eastern Australia support highly impoverished ant assemblages (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). Journal of Insect Conservation 8: 277-286.<br />
*Taylor R. W. 1968. The Australian workerless inquiline ant, Strumigenys xenos Brown (Hymenoptera - Formicidae) recorded from New Zealand. New Zealand Entomologist 4(1): 47-49<br />
*Taylor R. W. 1987. A checklist of the ants of Australia, New Caledonia and New Zealand (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). CSIRO (Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization) Division of Entomology Report 41: 1-92.<br />
*Taylor R. W., and D. R. Brown. 1985. Formicoidea. Zoological Catalogue of Australia 2: 1-149. <br />
*Wheeler W.M. 1935. Check list of the ants of Oceania. Occasional Papers of the Bernice Pauahi Bishop Museum 11(11):1-56.<br />
*Wheeler WM. 1927. Ants of Lord Howe and Norfolk Islands. Proceedings of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences. 62.4: 120-153.<br />
*Wheeler, W. M. 1927. The ants of Lord Howe Island and Norfolk Island. Proc. Am. Acad. Arts Sci. 62: 121-153<br />
*Wheeler, William Morton. 1927. The Ants of Lord Howe Island and Norfolk Island. Proceedings of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences 62(4): 121-153<br />
*Wheeler, William Morton.1935.Checklist of the Ants of Oceania.Occasional Papers 11(11): 3-56<br />
<br />
[[category:Species]]<br />
[[category:Extant species]]<br />
[[category:Formicidae]][[category:Myrmicinae]][[category:Attini]][[category:Strumigenys]][[category:Strumigenys perplexa]]<br />
[[category:Myrmicinae species]][[category:Attini species]][[category:Strumigenys species|perplexa]]<br />
[[Category:Ssr]]</div>SShattuckhttps://antwiki.org/wiki/index.php?title=Strumigenys_emmae&diff=709206Strumigenys emmae2024-03-27T05:12:52Z<p>SShattuck: Add reference from PDF.</p>
<hr />
<div>{{Italic title}}<br />
{{Taxobox<br />
|name = ''Strumigenys emmae''<br />
|image = Strumigenys emmae casent0005894 head 1.jpg<br />
|image_width = {{width}}<br />
|regnum = [[Animal]]ia<br />
|phylum = [[Arthropod]]a<br />
|classis = [[Insect]]a<br />
|ordo = [[Hymenoptera]]<br />
|familia = [[Formicidae]]<br />
|subfamilia = [[Myrmicinae]]<br />
|tribus = [[Attini]]<br />
|genus = ''[[Strumigenys]]''<br />
|species = '''''S. emmae'''''<br />
|binomial = ''Strumigenys emmae''<br />
|binomial_authority = (Emery, 1890)<br />
----<br />
[[File:Strumigenys emmae casent0005894 profile 1.jpg|{{width}}]]<br />
<br />
[[File:Strumigenys emmae casent0005894 dorsal 1.jpg|{{width}}]]<br />
<br />
[[:File:Strumigenys emmae casent0005894 label 1.jpg|Specimen labels]]|Specimen labels<br />
|synonyms =<br />
*''[[Epitritus clypeatus]]'' Szabó, 1909<br />
*''[[Epitritus clypeatus malesiana]]'' Forel, 1913<br />
*''[[Epitritus wheeleri]]'' Donisthorpe, 1916<br />
}}<br />
{{Common Name|name=Yofushi-uroko-ari|translation=|language=Japanese}}<br />
A pantropical species, dispersed by human commerce (Brown, 1949b) and natural dispersal (Taylor in Kubota, 1976). It is found most often in highly disturbed habitats such as beach margins and agricultural areas. The geographic origin of ''emmae'' is apparently Australia, where several related species occur (Bolton 2000).<br />
{{At a Glance<br />
|Item1=Highly invasive<br />
|Link1=Invasive Ants<br />
|Item2 = Parthenogenetic<br />
|Link2 = Parthenogenesis<br />
}}<br />
==Identification==<br />
Bolton (2000) - Within the [[Strumigenys emmae group|''Strumigenys emmae''-group]], ''emmae'' is recognised by its combination of short mandibles, broad head, short 4-merous antennae with distinctly angular leading edge on the scape, presence of orbicular hairs on the promesonotum as well as on the cephalic dorsum, absence of erect hairs on the occipital margin and lack of a strong second preapical tooth located between the apicodorsal tooth and the long spiniform preapical tooth.<br />
{{Photo Gallery |noheading=yes<br />
|name1=Tang, K.L., Guénard, B. 2023. Further additions to the knowledge of Strumigenys within South East Asia (10.5852@ejt.2023.907.2327), Fig. 17.jpg<br />
|comment1=Tang & Guenard (2023), Fig. 17. New species records of ''Strumigenys'' in full-face, profile and dorsal views. A–C. Worker of ''S. emmae'' from Thailand (ANTWEB1011939). D–F. Worker of ''S. exilirhina'' from Hainan, mainland China (HNA-00471). G–I. Worker of ''S. feae'' from Hainan, mainland China (HNA-01127).<br />
|size1=450px<br />
}}<br />
{{Species identification keys}}<br />
<br />
==Distribution==<br />
Bolton (2000) - This very successful pantropical tramp species was described and discussed by Brown (1949a) and Bolton (1983). Previous distribution records include Hawaii, Guam, U.S.A., Puerto Rico, West Indies, Cuba, Bahamas, Surinam, Ghana, Equatorial Guinea, India, West Malaysia, Sumatra, Singapore, Philippines, Sulawesi, New Guinea, Solomon Islands, Australia, Vanuatu, Samoa (Brown, 1949a; Wilson & Taylor, 1 967; Kempf, 1972; Taylor, 1976; Bolton, 1983; Deyrup, 1997). A recent survey of Florida by Deyrup & Deyrup (1999) and Deyrup, Davis & Cover (2000) shows that ''emmae'' is widely distributed in the state.<br />
<br />
This species has been recorded in Japan only from Ogasawara Islands (Kubota, 1976; Shindo, 1979; [http://ant.miyakyo-u.ac.jp/E/index.html Japanese Ant Image Database]).<br />
<br />
{{Latitudinal Distribution<br />
|north_latitude_limit=-10.75<br />
|south_latitude_limit=-33.27971<br />
|north_temperate=<br />
|north_subtropical=<br />
|tropical=yes<br />
|south_subtropical=yes<br />
|south_temperate=<br />
|source =[https://antmaps.org AntMaps]<br />
|notes =<br />
}}<br />
<!--DO NOT EDIT THIS TEXT. To update this list add or remove taxa from individual regional taxon list pages.--><br />
===Distribution based on [[:Category:Regional Taxon List|Regional Taxon Lists]]===<br />
'''[[:Category:Afrotropical Region|Afrotropical Region]]''': [[Comoros]], [[Equatorial Guinea]], [[Ghana]], [[United Republic of Tanzania]], [[Yemen]].<br />'''[[:Category:Australasian Region|Australasian Region]]''': [[Australia]], [[New Caledonia]].<br />'''[[:Category:Indo-Australian Region|Indo-Australian Region]]''': [[Borneo]], [[Guam]], [[Hawaii]], [[Indonesia]], [[Malaysia]], [[Marshall Islands]], [[Micronesia (Federated States of)]], [[New Guinea]], [[Northern Mariana Islands]], [[Philippines]], [[Samoa]], [[Singapore]], [[Solomon Islands]], [[Tonga]], [[Vanuatu]].<br />'''[[:Category:Malagasy Region|Malagasy Region]]''': [[Madagascar]], [[Mayotte]], [[Réunion]], [[Seychelles]].<br />'''[[:Category:Nearctic Region|Nearctic Region]]''': [[United States]].<br />'''[[:Category:Neotropical Region|Neotropical Region]]''': [[Anguilla]], [[Aruba]], [[Barbados]], [[Belize]], [[British Virgin Islands]], [[Cayman Islands]], [[Colombia]], [[Costa Rica]], [[Cuba]], [[Dominican Republic]], [[Ecuador]], [[Galapagos Islands]], [[Greater Antilles]], [[Grenada]], [[Guadeloupe]], [[Mexico]], [[Netherlands Antilles]], [[Puerto Rico]], [[Saint Lucia]], [[Suriname]].<br />'''[[:Category:Oriental Region|Oriental Region]]''': [[India]], [[Sri Lanka]], [[Thailand]], [[Vietnam]].<br />'''[[:Category:Palaearctic Region|Palaearctic Region]]''': [[China]], [[Japan]], [[Poland]].<br /><br />
<!--END OF DISTRIBUTION LIST--><br />
{{AntMapsMap}}<br />
{{Countries Occupied|count=51}}<br />
{{Estimated Abundance|count=55}}<br />
<br />
[[File:Wetterer 2012 emmae fig 5.jpg|600px|border]]<br />
<br />
==Biology==<br />
This species occurs in both dry and mesic woods, and in disturbed areas such as gardens (Deyrup, Davis & Cover, 2000), and is often found in relatively dry leaf litter. Dealate queens are notable common in leaf litter with small groups of workers, giving the impression that the colonies are producing new queens while the colony is small. This impression, if correct, would fit the strategy of a weedy inhabitant of frequently disturbed sites (Deyrup 1997).<br />
<br />
Deyrup and Deyrup (1999) - Two colonies were examined. One was in a hollow acorn in leaf litter in a mesic forest at Spruce Creek Preserve, Volusia Co.; this nest had one queen, 14 workers, and brood. A second colony was found in a hollow, buried acorn of ''Quercus chapmanii'' in xeric scrub forest at the Archbold Biological Station. Highlands Co. This colony had one queen, 42 workers, and brood. When the acorn from Highlands Co. was opened, there was one dead, white mite with one leg detached, and a shriveled entombryid collembolan that was being eaten by a larva. This colony was offered sifted leaf-litter and the next day there were 7 dead entomobryids in the colony inside the acorn, including one collembolan that was being eaten by a larva. The next day two larvae were seen feeding on entomobryids. It appears that entomobryid Collembola are a preferred prey of ''S. emmae''.<br />
<br />
Deyrup, Davis & Cover (2000) - The species ''Strumigenys eggersi'' and ''[[Strumigenys emmae]]'' are the only dacetine ants that are commonly found in dry and mesic habitats of south and central Florida. There is little evidence that native dacetines were ever common in these areas, but if these two exotics continue their northward expansion we may be able to get some idea of their effect on native ants, since we have records of hundreds of litter samples from north Florida. These species are probably more or less specialized predators on entomobryiid Collembola. If they have not had an impact by reducing or replacing the populations of native predators of Collembola in south Florida, they must be a novel predator of the Collembola themselves in this area.<br />
<br />
Brown (1949) - Nothing is known of the food preferences. Many of the collecting records are of single females taken under objects lying on sea beaches; workers have been taken with the sieve and Berlese funnel in both forested and agricultural areas, usually near the sea. This ant seems to show tolerance for a wider range of environmental conditions than most dacetines.<br />
<br />
Tang et al. (2019) - In Hong Kong, this introduced species is found mostly in disturbed habitats, including managed grasslands, isolated patches of urban trees, and with a single record from a secondary forest but located slightly over 100 m from urban habitations. Common in the Mai Po Nature Reserve, a heavily disturbed landscape managed for bird populations. Known elevation range in Hong Kong is from 1 to 407 m. A single alate gyne was collected between June 27 and July 11 in a Malaise trap located within a mangrove area.<br />
<br />
==Castes==<br />
===Worker===<br />
====Images from [https://www.antweb.org AntWeb]====<br />
{{SpecimenImage<br />
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<br />
===Queen===<br />
====Images from [https://www.antweb.org AntWeb]====<br />
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<br />
===Male===<br />
====Images from [https://www.antweb.org AntWeb]====<br />
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<br />
==Nomenclature==<br />
{{Nomenclature}}<br />
*''<span style='color:red;font-weight:bold;'>emmae.</span> Epitritus emmae'' Emery, 1890b: 70, pl. 8, fig. 6 (w.) ANTILLES. Wheeler, W.M. 1908a: 149 (q.). Combination in ''Quadristruma'': Brown, 1949b: 48; in ''Strumigenys'': Bolton, 1999: 1674. Senior synonym of ''clypeatus, malesiana, wheeleri'': Brown, 1949b: 48. See also: Bolton, 1983: 400; Bolton, 2000: 950.<br />
*''clypeatus. Epitritus clypeatus'' Szabó, 1909: 27, fig. 1 (w.) NEW GUINEA. Junior synonym of ''emmae'': Brown, 1949b: 48.<br />
*''malesiana. Epitritus clypeatus'' var. ''malesiana'' Forel, 1913k: 83 (w.q.) INDONESIA (Sumatra). Junior synonym of ''emmae'': Brown, 1949b: 48.<br />
*''wheeleri. Epitritus wheeleri'' Donisthorpe, 1916a: 121 (w.) HAWAII. Junior synonym of ''emmae'': Brown, 1949b: 48.<br />
<br />
===Type Material===<br />
*{{TypeSpecimen<br />
|publishedname=''Epitritus emmae'' Emery, 1890<br />
|status=holotype<br />
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|material=worker<br />
|locality=St. Thomas Island<br />
|country=Virgin Islands<br />
|coordinates=<br />
|collector=<br />
|collectiondate=<br />
|specimenidentifier=<br />
|institution=museum unknown (prob. MCSN (Genoa))<br />
|notes=<br />
}}<br />
<br />
{{nomenplus}}<br />
<br />
===Description===<br />
====Worker====<br />
Bolton (2000) - TL 1.5 - 1.9, HL 0.40 - 0.46, HW 0.33 - 0.39, CI 80 - 88, ML 0.11 - 0.16, MI 26 - 35, SL 0.18 - 0.24, SI 56 - 62, PW 0.21 - 0.25 , AL 0.40 - 0.48 (33 measured). Exposed length of fully closed mandible less than width of anterior clypeal margin. Preapical dentition of mandible somewhat variable: inner margin between the spiniform preapical tooth and the apicodorsal tooth may be unarmed, may have a low blunt tubercle or welt, or may have a tiny denticle (intermediates between these are known). Intercalary and preapical dentition may be obscured by the principal teeth when the mandibles are fully closed. Antenna with 4 segments; second funicular segment not obviously much longer than broad. Cephalic dorsum with orbicular hairs; upper scrobe margin fringed with similar hairs and with a clavate apicoscrobal hair. Occipital margin of head without short erect hairs. Leading edge of scape flattened and expanded into an obtuse angle or broad but shallowly convex lobe in the median third of its length. Pronotal humeral hair stiff, stout. Ground-pilosity of pronotal dorsum orbicular but the hairs tending to be smaller than on head. Mesonotum usually with a single pair of short erect hairs but these sometimes absent. Promesonotal dorsum reticulate-punctate, without longitudinal striae. Disc of postpetiole usually with weak sculpture at least in part, only rarely entirely smooth; sides of disc in dorsal view with projecting spongiform tissue. First gastral tergite with short suberect to erect stubbly hairs that are simple to feeble expanded apically. Basigastral costulae at least equal in length to postpetiole disc.<br />
<br />
===Type Material===<br />
Bolton (2000):<br />
<br />
Holotype worker, ST THOMAS I. (Antilles) ({{MCSN}}).<br />
<br />
Epitritus clypeatus Szabó, 1909: 1, figs. la, c. Syntype workers, NEW GUINEA: Berlinhafen (L. Biró); and SINGAPORE (L. Biró) ({{HNHM}}) [not seen].<br />
<br />
Epitritus clypeatus var. malesiana Forel, 1913e: 83. Syntype workers and queen, INDONESIA: Sumatra (Buttel-Reepen) ({{MHNG}}) [not seen].<br />
<br />
Epitritus wheeleri Donisthorpe, 1916: 121. Holotype worker, HAWAII: Oahu, Honolulu (R.C.L. Perkins) [not in {{BMNH}}, holotype lost].<br />
<br />
===Etymology===<br />
Named after Emma Forel, the wife of ant taxonomist Auguste Forel.<br />
<br />
==References==<br />
*[[Media:Albuquerque, E., Prado, L. et al. 2021. Ants of the State of Pará, Brazil (10.11646@zootaxa.5001.1.1).pdf|Albuquerque, E., Prado, L., Andrade-Silva, J., Siqueira, E., Sampaio, K., Alves, D., Brandão, C., Andrade, P., Feitosa, R., Koch, E., Delabie, J., Fernandes, I., Baccaro, F., Souza, J., Almeida, R., Silva, R. 2021. Ants of the State of Pará, Brazil: a historical and comprehensive dataset of a key biodiversity hotspot in the Amazon Basin. Zootaxa 5001, 1–83]] ({{doi|10.11646/zootaxa.5001.1.1}}).<br />
*[[Media:Bharti, H. & Akbar, S.A. 2013. Taxonomic studies on the ant genus Strumigenys with report of two new species.pdf|Bharti, H. & Akbar, S.A. 2013. Taxonomic studies on the ant genus ''Strumigenys'' Smith, 1860 (Hymenoptera, Formicidae) with report of two new species and five new records including a tramp species from India. Sociobiology 60, 387-396 (doi:10.13102/sociobiology.v60i4.387-396).]]<br />
*[[Media:Blard, F., Dorow, W.-H.-O., Delabie, J. H. C. 2003. Les Fourmis de l’île de la Réunion (10.3406@bsef.2003.16939).pdf|Blard, F., Dorow, W.-H.-O., Delabie, J. H. C. 2003. Les Fourmis de l’île de la Réunion (Hymenoptera, Formicidae). Bulletin de La Société Entomologique de France, 108(2), 127–137]] ({{doi|10.3406/bsef.2003.16939}}).<br />
*[[Media:Bolton 1983.pdf|Bolton, B. 1983. The Afrotropical dacetine ants (Formicidae). Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History). Entomology. 46:267-416.]] (page 400, see also)<br />
*Bolton, B. 2000. The ant tribe Dacetini. Mem. Am. Entomol. Inst. 65: 1-1028 (page 950, see also)<br />
*[[Media:Borowiec 2014 Catalogue of ants of Europe.pdf|Borowiec, L. 2014. Catalogue of ants of Europe, the Mediterranean Basin and adjacent regions (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). Genus (Wroclaw) 25(1-2): 1-340.]]<br />
*[[Media:Brassard, F., Leong, C.-M., Chan, H.-H., Guénard, B. 2021. High diversity in urban areas (10.3390@d13080358).pdf|Brassard, F., Leong, C.-M., Chan, H.-H., Guénard, B. 2021. High diversity in urban areas: How comprehensive sampling reveals high ant species richness within one of the most urbanized regions of the world. Diversity 13, 358]] ({{doi|10.3390/d13080358}}).<br />
*[[Media:Brown 1949c.pdf|Brown, W. L., Jr. 1949c. Revision of the ant tribe Dacetini: III. ''Epitritus'' Emery and ''Quadristruma'' new genus (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). Trans. Am. Entomol. Soc. 75:43-51.]] (page 48, Combination in Quadristruma, and senior synonym of clypeatus, malesiana and wheeleri)<br />
*[[Media:Dekoninck, W., Wauters, N. et al. 2019. Hormigas de Colombia. Cap. 35. Hormigas invasoras en Colombia.pdf|Dekoninck, W., Wauters, N., Delsinne, T. 2019. Capitulo 35. Hormigas invasoras en Colombia. Hormigas de Colombia.]]<br />
*Deyrup, M. 1997. Dacetine ants of the Bahamas (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). Bahamas J. Sci. 5:2-6.<br />
*Deyrup, M. and S. Deyrup. 1999. Notes on introduced ant Quadristruma emmae (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) in Florida. Entomol. News. 110:13-21.<br />
*[[Media:Deyrup, M., Davis, L. & Cover, S. 2000. Exotic ants in Florida.pdf|Deyrup, M., Davis, L. & Cover, S. 2000. Exotic ants in Florida. Transactions of the American Entomological Society 126, 293-325.]]<br />
*[[Media:Deyrup, M.A., Carlin, N. et al. 1988. A review of the ants of the Florida Keys.pdf|Deyrup, M.A., Carlin, N., Trager, J., Umphrey, G. 1988. A review of the ants of the Florida Keys. Florida Entomologist 71: 163-176.]]<br />
*[[Media:Emery 1890c.pdf|Emery, C. 1890c. Studii sulle formiche della fauna neotropica. Bullettino della Società Entomologica Italiana 22:38-80.]] (page 70, pl. 8, fig. 6 worker described)<br />
*Fisher, B. L. 1997a. Biogeography and ecology of the ant fauna of Madagascar (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). J. Nat. Hist. 31: 269-302 (see also)<br />
*[[Media:Fontenla, J.L., Brito, Y.M. 2011. Hormigas invasoras y vagabundas de Cuba.pdf|Fontenla, J.L., Brito, Y.M. 2011. Hormigas invasoras y vagabundas de Cuba. Fitosanidad 15(4), 253-259.]]<br />
*[[Media:Guerrero, R.J., Fernandez, F. et al. 2018. New records of myrmicine ants for Colombia.pdf|Guerrero, R.J., Fernandez, F., Escarraga, M.E., Perez-Pedraza, L.F., Serna, F., Mackay, M.P., Sandoval, V., Vergara, V., Suarez, D., Garcia, E.I., Sanchez, A., Meneses, A.D., Tocora, M.C., Sosa-Calvo, J. 2018. New records of myrmicine ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) for Colombia. Revista Colombiana de Entomología 44: 238-259 (DOI 10.25100/socolen.v44i2.7115).]]<br />
*[[Media:Hamer, M.T., Telfer, M.G. et al. 2023. Rediscovered after 102 years - Strumigenys rogeri is rediscoverd in Britain.pdf|Hamer, M.T., Telfer, M.G., Turner, C.R. 2023. Rediscovered after 102 years: ''Strumigenys rogeri'' (Formicidae; Myrmicinae) is rediscoverd in Britain from the Eden Project East Cornwall (VC 22). British Journal of Entomology, Natural History 36, 225-231.]]<br />
*[[Media:Hamer, M.T., Turner, C.R. 2024. Strumigenys emmae new to Britian (10.11646@zootaxa.5415.4.6).pdf|Hamer, M.T., Turner, C.R. 2024. ''Strumigenys emmae'' (Emery, 1890) (Myrmicinae) new to Britain, with an updated key to the known ''Strumigenys'' of the West Palaearctic. Zootaxa 5415(4), 570–576]] ({{doi|10.11646/zootaxa.5415.4.6}}).<br />
*[[Media:Herrera, H.W., Baert, L. et al. 2020. Distribution and habitat preferences of Galápagos ants.pdf|Herrera, H.W., Baert, L., Dekoninck, W., Causton, C.E., Sevilla, C.R., Pozo, P., Hendrickx, F. 2020. Distribution and habitat preferences of Galápagos ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). Belgian Journal of Entomology, 93: 1–60.]]<br />
*[[Media:Heterick, B.E. 2021. A guide to the ants of Western Australia. Part I Systematics (10.18195@issn.0313-122x.86.2021.001-245).pdf|Heterick, B.E. 2021. A guide to the ants of Western Australia. Part I: Systematics. Records of the Western Australian Museum, Supplement 86, 1-245]] ({{doi|10.18195/issn.0313-122x.86.2021.001-245}}).<br />
*[[Media:Heterick, B.E. 2022. A guide to the ants of Western Australia. Part II, Distribution and biology (10.18195@issn.0313-122x.86.2022.247-510).pdf|Heterick, B.E. 2022. A guide to the ants of Western Australia. Part II: Distribution and biology. Records of the Western Australian Museum, supplement 86: 247-510]] ({{doi|10.18195/issn.0313-122x.86.2022.247-510}}).<br />
*[[Media:Imai, H.T., Kihara, A. et al. 2003. Ants of Japan.pdf|Imai, H.T., Kihara, A., Kondoh, M., Kubota, M., Kuribayashi, S., Ogata, K., Onoyama, K., Taylor, R.W., Terayama, M., Yoshimura, M., Ugawa, Y. 2003. Ants of Japan. 224 pp, Gakken, Japan.]]<br />
*[[Media:Lubertazzi, D. 2019. The ants of Hispaniola (10.3099@MCZ-43.1).pdf|Lubertazzi, D. 2019. The ants of Hispaniola. Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology, 162(2), 59-210]] ({{doi|10.3099/mcz-43.1}}).<br />
*[[Media:MacGown, J.O., Wetterer, J.K. 2013. Distribution and biological notes of Strumigenys margaritae (10.1163@18749836-06001066).pdf|MacGown, J.A., Wetterer, J.K. 2013. Distribution and biological notes of ''Strumigenys margaritae'' (Hymenoptera: Formicidae: Dacetini). Terrestrial Arthropod Reviews 6, 247–255]] ({{doi|10.1163/18749836-06001066}}).<br />
*[[Media:Meurgey, F., Ramage, T. 2020. Challenging the Wallacean shortfall.pdf|Meurgey, F. 2020. Challenging the Wallacean shortfall: A total assessment of insect diversity on Guadeloupe (French West Indies), a checklist and bibliography. Insecta Mundi 786: 1–183.]]<br />
*[[Media:Michlewicz, M. 2022. Strumigenys emmae in Poland (10.5281@zenodo.6559247).pdf|Michlewicz, M. 2022. ''Strumigenys emmae'' (Emery, 1890) (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) in Poland – first record of this pantropic ant species from Europe with remarks on its biology. Annals of the Upper Silesian Museum in Bytom, Entomology 31 (online 007): 1-5]] ({{doi|10.5281/ZENODO.6559247}}).<br />
*[[Media:Oussalah, N., Marniche, F. et al. 2019. Exotic ants from the Maghreb (10.32800@amz.2019.17.0045).pdf|Oussalah, N., Marniche, F., Espadaler, X., Biche, M. 2019. Exotic ants from the Maghreb (Hymenoptera, Formicidae) with first report of the hairy alien ant ''Nylanderia jaegerskioeldi'' (Mayr) in Algeria. Arxius de Miscel·lània Zoològica, 45–58]] ({{doi|10.32800/amz.2019.17.0045}}).<br />
*[[Media:Pawluk, F., Borowiec, L. et al. 2022. First record of Plagiolepis alluaudi from Poland (10.5281@zenodo.6522444).pdf|Pawluk, F., Borowiec, L., Salata, S. 2022. First record of ''Plagiolepis alluaudi'' Emery, 1894 (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) from Poland. Annals of the Upper Silesian Museum in Bytom Entomology 31 (online 006) 1-5]] ({{doi|10.5281/ZENODO.6522444}}).<br />
*[[Media:Purkaret, A., Repta, F. et al. 2021. Notes on Strumigenys argiola.pdf|Purkaret, A., Repta, F., Selnekovic, D., Jancik, L., Holecova, M. 2021. Notes on ''Strumigenys argiola'' (Emery, 1869) (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) with emphasis on its distribution, ecology and behaviour. Entomofauna Carpathica 33(2): 73-88.]]<br />
*[[Media:Rosas-Mejia, M., Guenard, B. et al. 2021. Alien ants in Mexico (10.1007@s10530-020-02423-1).pdf|Rosas-Mejía, M., Guénard, B., Aguilar-Méndez, M. J., Ghilardi, A., Vásquez-Bolaños, M., Economo, E. P., Janda, M. 2021. Alien ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) in Mexico: the first database of records. Biological Invasions 23(6), 1669–1680]] ({{doi|10.1007/s10530-020-02423-1}}).<br />
*[[Media:Sharaf, M.R., Fisher, B.L., Aldawood, S.A. 2014. Notes on ants of the genus Strumigenys F. Smith, 1860 in the Arabian Peninsula.pdf|Sharaf, M.R., Fisher, B.L., Aldawood, S.A. 2014. Notes on ants of the genus ''Strumigenys'' F. Smith, 1860 (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) in the Arabian Peninsula, with a key to species. Sociobiology, 61, 293-299.]]<br />
*[[Media:Tang, K. L., Guénard, B. 2023. Further additions to the knowledge of Strumigenys within South East Asia (10.5852@ejt.2023.907.2327).pdf|Tang, K. L., Guénard, B. 2023. Further additions to the knowledge of ''Strumigenys'' (Formicidae: Myrmicinae) within South East Asia, with the descriptions of 20 new species. European Journal of Taxonomy 907, 1–144]] ({{doi|10.5852/ejt.2023.907.2327}}).<br />
*[[Media:Tang, K.L., Pierce, M.P., Guénard, B. 2019. Review of the genus Strumigenys in Hong Kong.pdf|Tang, K.L., Pierce, M.P., Guénard, B. 2019. Review of the genus ''Strumigenys'' (Hymenoptera, Formicidae, Myrmicinae) in Hong Kong with the description of three new species and the addition of five native and four introduced species records. ZooKeys 831: 1–48 (DOI 10.3897/zookeys.831.31515).]]<br />
*Varghese, T. 2004. Record of Strumigenys emmae (Emery) (Formicidae: Myrmicinae) from Bangalore, Karnataka and a key to Indian species. J. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc. 101: 170-171 (page 170, record in India)<br />
*[[Media:Wang, C., Chung, F.-Y. et al. 2023. The spongiform tissue in Strumigenys ants contains exocrine glands (10.1016@j.asd.2023.101246).pdf|Wang, C., Chung, F.-Y., Lin, C.-C., Gibson, J. C., McGuire, S., Suarez, A. V., Billen, J. 2023. The spongiform tissue in ''Strumigenys'' ants contains exocrine glands. Arthropod Structure & Development 73, 101246]] ({{doi|10.1016/j.asd.2023.101246}}).<br />
*[[Media:Wang, C., Lin, C.-C. et al. 2021. The ‘hairwheels’ in Strumigenys ants are not glandular (10.20362@am.013004).pdf|Wang, C., Lin, C.-C., Keller, R.A., Billen, J. 2021. The ‘hairwheels’ in ''Strumigenys'' ants are not glandular. Asian Myrmecology 13: e013004]] ({{doi|10.20362/am.013004}}).<br />
*[[Media:Wang, C., Sung, P.-J. et al. 2023. Parthenogenetic reproduction in Strumigenys ants (10.3390@insects14020195).pdf|Wang, C., Sung, P.-J., Lin, C.-C., Ito, F., Billen, J. 2023. Parthenogenetic reproduction in ''Strumigenys'' ants: An update. Insects 14, 195]] ({{doi|10.3390/insects14020195}}).<br />
*[[Media:Wang, W.Y., Soh, E.J.Y. et al. 2022. Remarkable diversity in a little red dot (10.20362@am.015006).pdf|Wang, W.Y., Soh, E.J.Y., Yong, G.W.J., Wong, M.K.L., Benoit Guénard, Economo, E.P., Yamane, S. 2022. Remarkable diversity in a little red dot: a comprehensive checklist of known ant species in Singapore (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) with notes on ecology and taxonomy. Asian Myrmecology 15: e015006]] ({{doi|10.20362/am.015006}}).<br />
*[[Media:Wetterer, J.K. 2012. Worldwide spread of Emma's dacetine ant, Strumigenys emmae.pdf|Wetterer, J.K. 2012. Worldwide spread of Emma's dacetine ant, ''Strumigenys emmae'' (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). Myrmecologial News 16: 69-74.]]<br />
*[[Media:Wetterer, J.K. 2017. Invasive ants of Bermuda revisited (10.3897@jhr.54.11444).pdf|Wetterer, J.K. 2017. Invasive ants of Bermuda revisited. Journal of Hymenoptera Research 54, 33–41]] ({{doi|10.3897/jhr.54.11444}}).<br />
*[[Media:Wetterer, J.K. 2021. Ants (Hymenoptera, Formicidae) of St. Vincent, West Indies (10.13102@sociobiology.v68i2.6725).pdf|Wetterer, J.K. 2021. Ants (Hymenoptera, Formicidae) of St. Vincent, West Indies. Sociobiology 68, e6725]] ({{doi|10.13102/sociobiology.v68i2.6725}}).<br />
*[[Media:Wetterer, J.K., Espadaler, X. et al. 2007. Ants of the South Atlantic islands of Ascension Island, St Helena, and Tristan da Cunha.pdf|Wetterer, J.K., Espadaler, X., Ashmole, N.P., Mendel, H., Cutler, C., Endeman, J. 2007. Ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) of the South Atlantic islands of Ascension Island, St Helena, and Tristan da Cunha. Myrmecological News 10: 29-37.]]<br />
*Wheeler, W. M. 1908a. The ants of Porto Rico and the Virgin Islands. Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist. 24: 117-158 (page 149, queen described)<br />
<br />
==References based on [https://benoitguenard.wordpress.com/gabi-articles/ Global Ant Biodiversity Informatics]==<br />
*Bolton B. 1983. The Afrotropical dacetine ants (Formicidae). Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History). Entomology 46: 267-416.<br />
*Bolton, B. 2000. The Ant Tribe Dacetini. Memoirs of the American Entomological Institute 65<br />
*[[Media:Brassard, F., Leong, C.-M., et al. 2020. A new subterranean species and an updated checklist of Strumigenys (10.3897@zookeys.970.54958).pdf|Brassard, F., Leong, C.-M., Chan, H.-H., Guénard, B. 2020. A new subterranean species and an updated checklist of ''Strumigenys'' (Hymenoptera, Formicidae) from Macao SAR, China, with a key to species of the Greater Bay Area. ZooKeys 970: 63–116]] ({{doi|10.3897/zookeys.970.54958}}).<br />
*Brown W. L., Jr. 1949. Revision of the ant tribe Dacetini: III. Epitritus Emery and Quadristruma new genus (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). Trans. Am. Entomol. Soc. 75: 43-51.<br />
*Chapman, J. W., and Capco, S. R. 1951. Check list of the ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) of Asia. Monogr. Inst. Sci. Technol. Manila 1: 1-327<br />
*Donisthorpe H. 1916. Epitritus wheeleri, n. sp., an ant new to science; with notes on the genus Epitritus, Emery. Entomologist's Record and Journal of Variation 28: 121-122.<br />
*Emery C. 1897. Formicidarum species novae vel minus cognitae in collectione Musaei Nationalis Hungarici quas in Nova-Guinea, colonia germanica, collegit L. Biró. Természetrajzi Füzetek 20: 571-599.<br />
*Janda M., G. D. Alpert, M. L. Borowiec, E. P. Economo, P. Klimes, E. Sarnat, and S. O. Shattuck. 2011. Cheklist of ants described and recorded from New Guinea and associated islands. Available on http://www.newguineants.org/. Accessed on 24th Feb. 2011.<br />
*Jourdan H., L. Bonnet de Larbogne, T. Potiaroa, and J. Chazeau. Invasions biologiques: le cas de la "fourmi électrique" Wasmannia auropunctata en Nouvelle Calédonie. Pp 156-164.<br />
*Szabó J. 1909. De duabus speciebus novis Formicidarum generis Epitritus Em. Arch. Zool. (Budapest) 1: 27-28.<br />
*Taylor R. W., and D. R. Brown. 1985. Formicoidea. Zoological Catalogue of Australia 2: 1-149. <br />
*Viehmeyer H. 1912. Ameisen aus Deutsch Neuguinea gesammelt von Dr. O. Schlaginhaufen. Nebst einem Verzeichnisse der papuanischen Arten. Abhandlungen und Berichte des Königlichen Zoologischen und Anthropologische-Ethnographischen Museums zu Dresden 14: 1-26.<br />
*Wetterer J. K. 2012. Worldwide spread of Emma's dacetine ant, Strumigenys emmae (Hymenoptera, Formicidae). Myrmecological News 16: 69-74.<br />
<br />
[[category:Species]]<br />
[[category:Extant species]]<br />
[[category:Formicidae]][[category:Myrmicinae]][[category:Attini]][[category:Strumigenys]][[category:Strumigenys emmae]]<br />
[[category:Myrmicinae species]][[category:Attini species]][[category:Strumigenys species|emmae]]<br />
[[category:Ssr]]</div>SShattuckhttps://antwiki.org/wiki/index.php?title=Strumigenys_eggersi&diff=709205Strumigenys eggersi2024-03-27T05:12:37Z<p>SShattuck: Add reference from PDF.</p>
<hr />
<div>{{Italic title}}<br />
{{Taxobox<br />
|name = ''Strumigenys eggersi''<br />
|image = Pyramica eggersi casent0103845 head 1.jpg<br />
|image_width = {{width}}<br />
|regnum = [[Animal]]ia<br />
|phylum = [[Arthropod]]a<br />
|classis = [[Insect]]a<br />
|ordo = [[Hymenoptera]]<br />
|familia = [[Formicidae]]<br />
|subfamilia = [[Myrmicinae]]<br />
|tribus = [[Attini]]<br />
|genus = ''[[Strumigenys]]''<br />
|species = '''''S. eggersi'''''<br />
|binomial = ''Strumigenys eggersi''<br />
|binomial_authority = Emery, 1890<br />
----<br />
[[File:Pyramica eggersi casent0103845 profile 1.jpg|{{width}}]]<br />
<br />
[[File:Pyramica eggersi casent0103845 dorsal 1.jpg|{{width}}]]<br />
<br />
[[:File:Pyramica eggersi casent0103845 label 1.jpg|Specimen Label]]<br />
}}<br />
An unusual ''Strumigenys'' in its tolerance for its tolerance of relatively dry conditions. ''Strumigenys eggersi'' can inhabit a wide range of habitats, e.g., forests, thickets, gardens. <br />
{{At a Glance<br />
|Item1=Invasive<br />
|Link1=Invasive Ants<br />
}}<br />
==Identification==<br />
Bolton (2000) - A member of the [[Strumigenys_gundlachi_group#gundlachi_complex|''gundlachi''-complex]] in the [[Strumigenys gundlachi group|''Strumigenys gundlachi'' group]]. Among the species closest related to ''[[Strumigenys gundlachi]]'', ''eggersi'' is isolated by the characters in its description. It separates from ''[[Strumigenys denticulata]]'', with which it shares the characters of extreme reduction or absence of postpetiolar appendages, by its shorter mandibles (MI 58 - 65 as opposed to MI 72 - 85 in ''denticulata''), presence of a pair of standing hairs anteriorly on the pronotum, and more strongly sculptured gaster. ''Pyramica eggersi'' and ''P. gundlachi'' are the only species of the ''gundlachi''-group to have been recorded from the U.S.A., where they are apparently restricted to Florida (Brown, 1960a; D. R. Smith, 1979; Deyrup, Johnson, et al., 1989).<br />
<br />
Longino (Ants of Costa Rica) - Mandibles in full-face view linear, elongate and narrow; leading edge of scape with freely projecting hairs; inner margin of mandible without a tooth or distinctly enlarged denticle at or near the midlength; labral lobes short, trigger hairs at apices of lobes long; apical fork of mandible small, with two tiny intercalary denticles; mandibles straight, with weakly convex inner borders, each bearing 4-8 minute denticles on distal 1/3 to 1/2; spongiform appendages of petiole and postpetiole obsolete; first gastral tergum superficially reticulate-punctulate and opaque in front, becoming indefinitely shagreened and weakly shining behind. <br />
<br />
{{Species identification keys}}<br />
<br />
==Distribution==<br />
A common species in Florida, where it has been introduced, as far north as Union County. Pest status: none. First published Florida record: Brown 1960. (Deyrup, Davis & Cover, 2000.)<br />
<br />
{{Latitudinal Distribution<br />
|north_latitude_limit=25.019<br />
|south_latitude_limit=-31.632389<br />
|north_temperate=<br />
|north_subtropical=yes<br />
|tropical=yes<br />
|south_subtropical=yes<br />
|south_temperate=<br />
|source =[https://antmaps.org AntMaps]<br />
|notes =<br />
}}<br />
<!--DO NOT EDIT THIS TEXT. To update this list add or remove taxa from individual regional taxon list pages.--><br />
===Distribution based on [[:Category:Regional Taxon List|Regional Taxon Lists]]===<br />
'''[[:Category:Indo-Australian Region|Indo-Australian Region]]''': [[Philippines]], [[Singapore]].<br />'''[[:Category:Nearctic Region|Nearctic Region]]''': [[United States]].<br />'''[[:Category:Neotropical Region|Neotropical Region]]''': [[Argentina]], [[Barbados]], [[Belize]], [[Bolivia]], [[Brazil]], [[Colombia]], [[Costa Rica]], [[Cuba]], [[Dominican Republic]], [[Ecuador]], [[Greater Antilles]], [[Grenada]], [[Guadeloupe]], [[Guatemala]], [[Haiti]], [[Honduras]], [[Lesser Antilles]] {{SmallFont|([[type locality]])}}, [[Mexico]], [[Paraguay]], [[Peru]], [[Puerto Rico]], [[Saint Lucia]], [[Trinidad and Tobago]], [[Venezuela]].<br /><br />
<!--END OF DISTRIBUTION LIST--><br />
{{AntMapsMap}}<br />
{{Countries Occupied|count=25}}<br />
{{Estimated Abundance|count=760}}<br />
<br />
==Biology==<br />
Deyrup (1997) - Among the snap-trap ants this is an unusually drought-tolerant species that also thrives in disturbed conditions. The queens are often relatively abundant, giving the impression that this species lives in small colonies that produce many new queens that can found new colonies. This would be a useful adaptation for living in frequently disturbed habitats, where occupied nest sites are often destroyed and new ones created.<br />
<br />
Atchison & Lucky (2022) found that this species, as expected, does not remove seeds.<br />
<br />
===Regional Information===<br />
====Caribbean====<br />
Brown (1960) - Weber found specimens in a compost heap in the Botanical Garden at Roseau, Dominica, and in an island of vegetation growing in the Pitch Lake of Trinidad; also on Trinidad, he took a sample from low-growing epiphytes in second-growth forest. Kempf sifted specimens from humus in Sao Paulo. Indications are that this species can stand more dryness than many dacetines, and its presence in many culture areas suggests that it is spreading rapidly through nursery stock transport and other human commerce.<br />
<br />
====Costa Rica====<br />
Longino (Ants of Costa Rica) - In Costa Rica this species appears rare, although my collecting has not emphasized dry and/or synanthropic habitats. I have encountered it in Winkler samples from Finca La Pacifica (riparian forest in seasonally dry region), and La Selva Biological Station (lowland rainforest). <br />
<br />
====Florida (USA)====<br />
Deyrup, Davis & Cover (2000) - In Florida this species is found in both moist and dry woods, as well as shaded yards and gardens. Nests are in leaf litter, or in hollow twigs or nuts in the litter. The species ''Strumigenys eggersi'' and ''[[Strumigenys emmae]]'' are the only dacetine ants that are commonly found in dry and mesic habitats of south and central Florida. There is little evidence that native dacetines were ever common in these areas, but if these two exotics continue their northward expansion we may be able to get some idea of their effect on native ants, since we have records of hundreds of litter samples from north Florida. These species are probably more or less specialized predators on entomobryiid Collembola. If they have not had an impact by reducing or replacing the populations of native predators of Collembola in south Florida, they must be a novel predator of the Collembola themselves in this area.<br />
<br />
====Philippines====<br />
General (2017) reports this species from an urban university campus in the Philippines, possibly introduced by trade in potted ornamental plants. He also notes that there is an unconfirmed report of its presence in Singapore (D. Booher, personal communication). The distribution of this species in the Philippines and its ecological impact there are unknown. <br />
<br />
==Castes==<br />
===Worker===<br />
====Images from [https://www.antweb.org AntWeb]====<br />
{{SpecimenImage<br />
|file1=Pyramica eggersi casent0103845 head 1.jpg<br />
|file2=Pyramica eggersi casent0103845 profile 1.jpg<br />
|file3=Pyramica eggersi casent0103845 dorsal 1.jpg<br />
|file4=Pyramica eggersi casent0103845 label 1.jpg<br />
|antwebimage=yes<br />
|ownedby=ABS, Lake Placid, FL, USA<br />
|specimencode=casent0103845<br />
|photographer=April Nobile<br />
|photographerid=69<br />
|uploader=California Academy of Sciences<br />
|uploaderid=1<br />
|caste=worker<br />
|subcaste=<br />
|typestatus=<br />
}}<br />
{{SpecimenImage<br />
|file1=Pyramica eggersi casent0178118 head 1.jpg<br />
|file2=Pyramica eggersi casent0178118 profile 1.jpg<br />
|file3=Pyramica eggersi casent0178118 dorsal 1.jpg<br />
|file4=Pyramica eggersi casent0178118 label 1.jpg<br />
|antwebimage=yes<br />
|ownedby=ALWC, Alex L. Wild Collection<br />
|specimencode=casent0178118<br />
|photographer=April Nobile<br />
|photographerid=69<br />
|uploader=California Academy of Sciences<br />
|uploaderid=1<br />
|caste=worker<br />
|subcaste=<br />
|typestatus=<br />
}}<br />
===Queen===<br />
====Images from [https://www.antweb.org AntWeb]====<br />
{{SpecimenImage<br />
|file1=Pyramica eggersi casent0103843 head 1.jpg<br />
|file2=Pyramica eggersi casent0103843 profile 1.jpg<br />
|file3=Pyramica eggersi casent0103843 dorsal 1.jpg<br />
|file4=Pyramica eggersi casent0103843 label 1.jpg<br />
|antwebimage=yes<br />
|ownedby=ABS, Lake Placid, FL, USA<br />
|specimencode=casent0103843<br />
|photographer=April Nobile<br />
|photographerid=69<br />
|uploader=California Academy of Sciences<br />
|uploaderid=1<br />
|caste=queen<br />
|subcaste=alate/dealate<br />
|typestatus=<br />
}}<br />
<br />
==Nomenclature==<br />
{{Nomenclature}}<br />
*''<span style='color:red;font-weight:bold;'>eggersi.</span> Strumigenys eggersi'' Emery, 1890b: 69, pl. 7, fig. 9 (w.q.) ANTILLES. Combination in ''S. (Pyramica''): Brown, 1948e: 110; in ''Pyramica'': Bolton, 1999: 1673; in ''Strumigenys'': Baroni Urbani & De Andrade, 2007: 119. See also: Brown, 1960b: 46; Bolton, 2000: 184.<br />
<br />
{{nomenplus}}<br />
<br />
<!--Un-comment this template when adding type specimen data<br />
===Type Material===<br />
*{{TypeSpecimen<br />
|publishedname=<br />
|status=<br />
|statuspublication=<br />
|material=<br />
|locality=<br />
|country=Lesser Antilles<br />
|coordinates={{Inline coordinates|||0|NS|||0|EW}} COMMENT OUT IF UNKNOWN<br />
|collector=<br />
|collectiondate=<br />
|specimenidentifier=<br />
|institution=<br />
|notes=<br />
}}<br />
<br />
--><br />
===Description===<br />
====Worker====<br />
Bolton (2000) - TL 1.6 - 2.0, HL 0.40 - 0.45, HW 0.32 - 0.37, CI 81 - 86, ML 0.23 - 0.28,<br />
MI 58 - 65, SL 0.20 - 0.24, SI 58 - 64, PW 0.20 - 0.23, AL 0.40 - 0.46 (20 measured). Characters of [[Strumigenys_gundlachi_group#gundlachi_complex|''gundlachi'' complex]]; see also notes under ''[[Strumigenys gundlachi]]''. Inner margin of mandible feebly convex, with 4 - 8 preapical small denticles on the distal one-third to one-half of the length. Dorsum of pronotum with a single pair of erect hairs (as well as the humeral pair), located on anterior half, usually between the humeral pair. Pair of mesonotal erect hairs short and stiff. On postpetiole ventral spongiform appendage vestigial to absent; lateral lobe absent or at most represented by a narrow marginal non-spongiform carina. First gastral tergite strongly reticulate to reticulate-punctate basally; this sculpture may cover the entire sclerite or tend to diminish in intensity posteriorly.<br />
<br />
<gallery><br />
File:Brown 1960 strumigenys fig 1-4.jpg|Brown 1960 Fig 1-4<br />
File:Brown 1960 strumigenys fig 5-9.jpg|Brown 1960 Fig 5-9<br />
</gallery><br />
<br />
===Type Material===<br />
Bolton (2000) - Syntype workers and queens, ANTILLES IS: St Thomas I . (Eggers) ({{NHMW}}, {{MZSP}}, {{USNM}}) [examined].<br />
<br />
==References==<br />
*[[Media:Albuquerque, E., Prado, L. et al. 2021. Ants of the State of Pará, Brazil (10.11646@zootaxa.5001.1.1).pdf|Albuquerque, E., Prado, L., Andrade-Silva, J., Siqueira, E., Sampaio, K., Alves, D., Brandão, C., Andrade, P., Feitosa, R., Koch, E., Delabie, J., Fernandes, I., Baccaro, F., Souza, J., Almeida, R., Silva, R. 2021. Ants of the State of Pará, Brazil: a historical and comprehensive dataset of a key biodiversity hotspot in the Amazon Basin. Zootaxa 5001, 1–83]] ({{doi|10.11646/zootaxa.5001.1.1}}).<br />
*[[Media:Atchison, R.A., Lucky, A. 2022. Diversity and resilience of seed-removing ant species (10.3390@d14121012).pdf|Atchison, R. A., Lucky, A. 2022. Diversity and resilience of seed-removing ant species in Longleaf Sandhill to frequent fire. Diversity 14, 1012]] ({{doi|10.3390/d14121012}}).<br />
*Baroni Urbani, C. & De Andrade, M.L. 2007. The ant tribe Dacetini: limits and constituent genera, with descriptions of new species. Annali del Museo Civico di Storia Naturale “G. Doria” 99: 1-191.<br />
*[[Media:Bolton 1999.pdf|Bolton, B. 1999. Ant genera of the tribe Dacetonini (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). Journal of Natural History. 33:1639-1689.]] (page 1673, Combination in Pyramica)<br />
*Bolton, B. 2000. The ant tribe Dacetini. Mem. Am. Entomol. Inst. 65: 1-1028 (page 184, redescription of worker)<br />
*[[Media:Brown 1948e.pdf|Brown, W. L., Jr. 1948. A preliminary generic revision of the higher Dacetini (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). Transactions of the American Entomological Society. 74: 101-129.]] (page 110, Combination in S. (Pyramica))<br />
*Brown, W. L., Jr. 1960c [1959]. The neotropical species of the ant genus Strumigenys Fr. Smith: group of gundlachi (Roger). Psyche (Camb.) 66: 37-52 (page 46, redescription of worker, queen)<br />
*[[Media:Brown 1962c.pdf|Brown, W. L., Jr. 1962c. The neotropical species of the ant genus ''Strumigenys'' Fr. Smith: synopsis and keys to the species. Psyche. 69:238-267.]]<br />
*[[Media:Conceição-Neto, R., França, E.C.B. et al. 2021. Revisiting the ideas of trees as templates (10.1590@1806-9665-RBENT-2020-0026).pdf|Conceição-Neto, R., França, E.C.B., Feitosa, R.M., Queiroz, J.M. 2021. Revisiting the ideas of trees as templates and the competition paradigm in pairwise analyses of ground-dwelling ant species occurrences in a tropical forest. Revista Brasileira de Entomologia 65, e20200026]] ({{doi|10.1590/1806-9665-rbent-2020-0026}}).<br />
*Deyrup, M. 1997. Dacetine ants of the Bahamas (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). Bahamas J. Sci. 5:2-6.<br />
*[[Media:Deyrup, M., Davis, L. & Cover, S. 2000. Exotic ants in Florida.pdf|Deyrup, M., Davis, L. & Cover, S. 2000. Exotic ants in Florida. Transactions of the American Entomological Society 126, 293-325.]]<br />
*Deyrup, M.; Johnson, C.; Davis, L. 1997. Notes on the ant Eurhopalothrix floridana, with a description of the male (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). Entomol. News 108: 183-189 (page 3, see also)<br />
*[[Media:Deyrup, M.A., Carlin, N. et al. 1988. A review of the ants of the Florida Keys.pdf|Deyrup, M.A., Carlin, N., Trager, J., Umphrey, G. 1988. A review of the ants of the Florida Keys. Florida Entomologist 71: 163-176.]]<br />
*[[Media:Emery 1890c.pdf|Emery, C. 1890c. Studii sulle formiche della fauna neotropica. Bullettino della Società Entomologica Italiana 22:38-80.]] (page 69, worker, queen described)<br />
*[[Media:Franco, W., Ladino, N. et al. 2019. First checklist of the ants of French Guiana (10.11646@zootaxa.4674.5.2).pdf|Franco, W., Ladino, N., Delabie, J.H.C., Dejean, A., Orivel, J., Fichaux, M., Groc, S., Leponce, M., Feitosa, R.M. 2019. First checklist of the ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) of French Guiana. Zootaxa 4674, 509–543]] ({{doi|10.11646/zootaxa.4674.5.2}}).<br />
*[[Media:General 2017.pdf|General, D.E.M. 2017. First Philippine record of the Neotropical ant Strumigenys eggersi<br />
Emery (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). Philippine Entomologist 31: 73-78.]]<br />
*[[Media:General, D.E.M., Buenavente, P.A.C. et al. 2020. A preliminary survey of nocturnal ants (10.5281@zenodo.3707151).pdf|General, D.E.M., Buenavente, P.A.C., Rodriguez, L.J.V. 2020. A preliminary survey of nocturnal ants, with novel modifications for collecting nocturnal arboreal ants. Halteres 11: 1-12]] ({{doi|10.5281/ZENODO.3707151}}).<br />
*[[Media:Hamer, M.T., Turner, C.R. 2024. Strumigenys emmae new to Britian (10.11646@zootaxa.5415.4.6).pdf|Hamer, M.T., Turner, C.R. 2024. ''Strumigenys emmae'' (Emery, 1890) (Myrmicinae) new to Britain, with an updated key to the known ''Strumigenys'' of the West Palaearctic. Zootaxa 5415(4), 570–576]] ({{doi|10.11646/zootaxa.5415.4.6}}).<br />
*[[Media:Herrera, H.W., Baert, L. et al. 2020. Distribution and habitat preferences of Galápagos ants.pdf|Herrera, H.W., Baert, L., Dekoninck, W., Causton, C.E., Sevilla, C.R., Pozo, P., Hendrickx, F. 2020. Distribution and habitat preferences of Galápagos ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). Belgian Journal of Entomology, 93: 1–60.]]<br />
*[[Media:Lubertazzi, D. 2019. The ants of Hispaniola (10.3099@MCZ-43.1).pdf|Lubertazzi, D. 2019. The ants of Hispaniola. Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology, 162(2), 59-210]] ({{doi|10.3099/mcz-43.1}}).<br />
*[[Media:MacGown, J.A., Booher, D. et al. 2021. An updated list of ants of Alabama (10.3157@061.147.0409).pdf|MacGown, J.A., Booher, D., Richter, H., Wetterer, J.K., Hill, J.G. 2021. An updated list of ants of Alabama (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) with new state records. Transactions of the American Entomological Society 147: 961-981]] ({{doi|10.3157/061.147.0409}}).<br />
*[[Media:MacGown, J.O., Wetterer, J.K. 2013. Distribution and biological notes of Strumigenys margaritae (10.1163@18749836-06001066).pdf|MacGown, J.A., Wetterer, J.K. 2013. Distribution and biological notes of ''Strumigenys margaritae'' (Hymenoptera: Formicidae: Dacetini). Terrestrial Arthropod Reviews 6, 247–255]] ({{doi|10.1163/18749836-06001066}}).<br />
*[[Media:Meurgey, F., Ramage, T. 2020. Challenging the Wallacean shortfall.pdf|Meurgey, F. 2020. Challenging the Wallacean shortfall: A total assessment of insect diversity on Guadeloupe (French West Indies), a checklist and bibliography. Insecta Mundi 786: 1–183.]]<br />
*[[Media:Nielsen, A., Atchison, R., Lucky, A. 2020. Effects of the invasive Little Fire Ant (Wasmannia auropunctata) on ant community composition.pdf|Nielsen, A., Atchison, R., Lucky, A. 2020. Effects of the invasive Little Fire Ant (''Wasmannia auropunctata'') on ant community composition on UF Campus. University of Florida | Journal of Undergraduate Research | Volume 22]]<br />
*[[Media:Silva, T.S.R.D., Chaul, J.C.M. et al. 2022. Lectotype designation and redescription of four commonly collected Neotropical species of Strumigenys (10.5852@ejt.2022.798.1673).pdf|Silva, T.S.R.D., Chaul, J.C.M., Feitosa, R.M. 2022. Lectotype designation and redescription of four commonly collected Neotropical species of Strumigenys (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). European Journal of Taxonomy, 798(1), 103–126 ({{doi.org|10.5852/ejt.2022.798.1673}}).]]<br />
*[[Media:Varela-Hernández, F., Medel-Zosayas, B. et al. 2020. Biodiversity in central Mexico.pdf|Varela-Hernández, F., Medel-Zosayas, B., Martínez-Luque, E.O., Jones, R.W., De la Mora, A. 2020. Biodiversity in central Mexico: Assessment of ants in a convergent region. Southwestern Entomologist 454: 673-686.]]<br />
*[[Media:Wang, W.Y., Soh, E.J.Y. et al. 2022. Remarkable diversity in a little red dot (10.20362@am.015006).pdf|Wang, W.Y., Soh, E.J.Y., Yong, G.W.J., Wong, M.K.L., Benoit Guénard, Economo, E.P., Yamane, S. 2022. Remarkable diversity in a little red dot: a comprehensive checklist of known ant species in Singapore (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) with notes on ecology and taxonomy. Asian Myrmecology 15: e015006]] ({{doi|10.20362/am.015006}}).<br />
<br />
==References based on [https://benoitguenard.wordpress.com/gabi-articles/ Global Ant Biodiversity Informatics]==<br />
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*Bolton, B. 2000. The Ant Tribe Dacetini. Memoirs of the American Entomological Institute 65<br />
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*Brown W. L. Jr. 1960. The neotropical species of the ant genus Strumigenys Fr. Smith: group of gundlachi (Roger). Psyche (Cambridge) 66: 37-52.<br />
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*Deyrup M. 1997. Dacetine ants of the Bahamas (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). Bahamas Journal of Science 5(1): 2-6.<br />
*Deyrup M., L. Davis, and S. Buckner. 1998. Composition of the ant fauna of three Bahamian islands. Proceedings of the seventh symposium on the natural history of the Bahamas. 23-32. Bahamian Field Station, San Salvador, Bahamas<br />
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*Dias N. S., R. Zanetti, M. S. Santos, J. Louzada, and J. H. C. Delabie. 2008. Interaction between forest fragments and adjacent coffee and pasture agroecosystems: responses of the ant communities (Hymenoptera, Formicidae). Iheringia, Sér. Zool., Porto Alegre, 98(1): 136-142.<br />
*Emery C. 1890. Studii sulle formiche della fauna neotropica. Bull. Soc. Entomol. Ital. 22: 38-8<br />
*Fernandes, P.R. XXXX. Los hormigas del suelo en Mexico: Diversidad, distribucion e importancia (Hymenoptera: Formicidae).<br />
*Fernández F., E. E. Palacio, W. P. MacKay, and E. S. MacKay. 1996. Introducción al estudio de las hormigas (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) de Colombia. Pp. 349-412 in: Andrade M. G., G. Amat García, and F. Fernández. (eds.) 1996. Insectos de Colombia. Estudios escogidos. Bogotá: Academia Colombiana de Ciencias Exactas, Físicas y Naturales, 541 pp<br />
*Fernández F., and E. E. Palacio. 1995. Hormigas de Colombia IV: nuevos registros de géneros y especies. Caldasia 17: 587-596.<br />
*Fernández, F. and S. Sendoya. 2004. Lista de las hormigas neotropicales. Biota Colombiana Volume 5, Number 1.<br />
*Fichaux M., B. Bechade, J. Donald, A. Weyna, J. H. C. Delabie, J. Murienne, C. Baraloto, and J. Orivel. 2019. Habitats shape taxonomic and functional composition of Neotropical ant assemblages. Oecologia 189(2): 501-513.<br />
*Field Museum Collection, Chicago, Illinois (C. Moreau)<br />
*Fontanla Rizo J.L. 1997. Lista preliminar de las hormigas de Cuba. Cocuyo 6: 18-21.<br />
*Fontenla J. L., and J. Alfonso-Simonetti. 2018. Classification of Cuban ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) into functional groups. Poeyana Revista Cubana de Zoologia 506: 21-30.<br />
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*Franco W., N. Ladino, J. H. C. Delabie, A. Dejean, J. Orivel, M. Fichaux, S. Groc, M. Leponce, and R. M. Feitosa. 2019. First checklist of the ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) of French Guiana. Zootaxa 4674(5): 509-543.<br />
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*Kempf W. W. 1958. The ants of the tribe Dacetini in the State of Sao Paulo, Brazil, with the description of a new species of Strumigenys. (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). Studia Entomologica (n.s.)1: 553-560.<br />
*Kempf W. W. 1961. A survey of the ants of the soil fauna in Surinam (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). Studia Entomologica 4: 481-524.<br />
*Kempf, W.W. 1972. Catalago abreviado das formigas da regiao Neotropical (Hym. Formicidae) Studia Entomologica 15(1-4).<br />
*Lattke, J.E. & Goitía, W. 1997. El género Strumigenys en Venezuela. Caldasia 19: 367-396.<br />
*Longino J. T. 2013. Ants of Nicargua. Consulted on 18 Jan 2013. https://sites.google.com/site/longinollama/reports/ants-of-nicaragua<br />
*Longino J. T. L., and M. G. Branstetter. 2018. The truncated bell: an enigmatic but pervasive elevational diversity pattern in Middle American ants. Ecography 41: 1-12.<br />
*Longino J. et al. ADMAC project. Accessed on March 24th 2017 at https://sites.google.com/site/admacsite/<br />
*Maes, J.-M. and W.P. MacKay. 1993. Catalogo de las hormigas (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) de Nicaragua. Revista Nicaraguense de Entomologia 23.<br />
*Marinho C. G. S., R. Zanetti, J. H. C. Delabie, M. N. Schlindwein, and L. de S. Ramos. 2002. Ant (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) Diversity in Eucalyptus (Myrtaceae) Plantations and Cerrado Litter in Minas Gerais, Brazil. Neotropical Entomology 31(2): 187-195.<br />
*Mirmecofauna de la reserva ecologica de San Felipe Bacalar<br />
*Morrison L. W. 1998. A review of Bahamian ant (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) biogeography. Journal of Biogeography 25: 561-571.<br />
*Munhae C. B., Z. A. F. N. Bueno, M. S. C. Morini, and R. R. Silva. 2009. Composition of the Ant Fauna (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) in Public Squares in Southern Brazil. Sociobiology 53(2B): 455-472.<br />
*Olson D. M. 1991. A comparison of the efficacy of litter sifting and pitfall traps for sampling leaf litter ants (Hymenoptera, Formicidae) in a tropical wet forest, Costa Rica. Biotropica 23(2): 166-172.<br />
*Pacheco, R., R.R. Silva, M.S. de C. Morini, C.R.F. Brandao. 2009. A Comparison of the Leaf-Litter Ant Fauna in a Secondary Atlantic Forest with an Adjacent Pine Plantation in Southeastern Brazil. Neotropical Entomology 38(1):055-065<br />
*Perez-Gelabert D. E. 2008. Arthropods of Hispaniola (Dominican Republic and Haiti): A checklist and bibliography. Zootaxa 1831:1-530.<br />
*Pires de Prado L., R. M. Feitosa, S. Pinzon Triana, J. A. Munoz Gutierrez, G. X. Rousseau, R. Alves Silva, G. M. Siqueira, C. L. Caldas dos Santos, F. Veras Silva, T. Sanches Ranzani da Silva, A. Casadei-Ferreira, R. Rosa da Silva, and J. Andrade-Silva. 2019. An overview of the ant fauna (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) of the state of Maranhao, Brazil. Pap. Avulsos Zool. 59: e20195938.<br />
*Portuondo E. F., and J. L. Reyes. 2002. Mirmecofauna de los macizos montañosos de Sierra Maestra y Nipe-Sagua-Baracoa. Cocuyo 12: 10-13<br />
*Portuondo Ferrer E., and J. L. Fernández Triana. 2005. Species of hymenopterans (bees, wasps, and ants) recorded in Alejandro de Humboldt National Park, from literature records, revision of the collection at BIOECO, and collections before and during the rapid inventory, 12-22 February 2004. In Fong G., A., D. Maceira F., W. S. Alverson, y/and T. Wachter, eds. 2005. Cuba: Parque Nacional Alejandro de Humboldt. Rapid Biological Inventories Report 14. The Field Museum, Chicago.<br />
*Portuondo Ferrer, E. and J. Fernandez Triana. Biodiversidad del orden Hymenoptera en Los Macizos Montanosos de Cuba Oriental. Boletin S.E.A. 35:121-136.<br />
*Ramos L. S., R. Z. B. Filho, J. H. C. Delabie, S. Lacau, M. F. S. dos Santos, I. C. do Nascimento, and C. G. S. Marinho. 2003. Ant communities (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) of the leaf-litter in cerrado stricto sensu areas in Minas Gerais, Brazil. Lundiana 4(2): 95-102.<br />
*Ramos L. de S., C. G. S. Marinho, R. Zanetti, and J. H. C. Delabie. 2003. Impacto de iscas formicidas granuladas sobre a mirmecofauna não-alvo em eucaliptais segundo duas formas de aplicacação / Impact of formicid granulated baits on non-target ants in eucalyptus plantations according to two forms of application. Neotropical Entomology 32(2): 231-237.<br />
*Ramos L. de S., R. Zanetti, C. G. S. Marinho, J. H. C. Delabie, M. N. Schlindwein, and R. P. Almado. 2004. Impact of mechanical and chemical weedings of Eucalyptus grandis undergrowth on an ant community (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). Rev. Árvore 28(1): 139-146.<br />
*Reyes, J. L. "Inventario de la colección de hormigas (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) del Centro Oriental de Ecosistemas y Biodiversidad, Santiago de Cuba, Cuba." Boletín de la Sociedad Aragonesa 36 (2005): 279-283.<br />
*Rosa da Silva R. 1999. Formigas (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) do oeste de Santa Catarina: historico das coletas e lista atualizada das especies do Estado de Santa Catarina. Biotemas 12(2): 75-100.<br />
*Rosa da Silva R., and B. Cortes Lopes. 1997. Ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) from Atlantic rainforest at Santa Catarina Island, Brazil: two years of sampling. Rev. Biol. Trop. 45(4): 1641-1648.<br />
*Rosumek, F.B., M.A. Ulyssea, B.C. Lopes, J. Steiner. 2008. Formigas de solo e de bromélias em uma área de Mata Atlântica, Ilha de Santa Catarina, sul do Brasil: Levantamento de espécies e novos registros. Revista Biotemas 21(4):81-89.<br />
*Salazar F., and D. A. Donoso. 2013. New ant (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) records for Ecuador deposited at the Carl Rettenmeyer ant collection in the QCAZ Museum. Boletín Tecnico 11, Serie Zoológica 8-9: 151 177.<br />
*Salinas P. J. 2010. Catalogue of the ants of the Táchira State, Venezuela, with notes on their biodiversity, biogeography and ecology (Hymenoptera: Formicidae: Amblyioponinae, Ponerinae, Proceratiinae, Myrmicinae, Ecitoninae, Formicinae, Pseudomyrmecinae, Dolichoderinae). Boletín de la SEA 47: 315-328.<br />
*Santos M. P. C. J., A. F. Carrano-Moreira, and J. B. Torres. 2012. Diversity of soil ant (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) in dense Atlantic Forest and sugarcane plantationsin the County of Igarassu-PE. Revista Brasileira de Ciências Agrárias 7(4): 648-656.<br />
*Santos M. S., J. N. C. Louzada, N. Dias, R. Zanetti, J. H. C. Delabie, and I. C. Nascimento. 2006. Litter ants richness (Hymenoptera, Formicidae) in remnants of a semi-deciduous forest in the Atlantic rain forest, Alto do Rio Grande region, Minas Gerais, Brazil. Iheringia, Sér. Zool., Porto Alegre, 96(1): 95-101.<br />
*Santschi F. 1930. Quelques fourmis de Cuba et du Brésil. Bulletin. Société Entomologique d'Egypte. 14: 75-83.<br />
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*Silvestre R., M. F. Demetrio, and J. H. C. Delabie. 2012. Community Structure of Leaf-Litter Ants in a Neotropical Dry Forest: A Biogeographic Approach to Explain Betadiversity. Psyche doi:10.1155/2012/306925<br />
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*Siqueira de Castro F., A. B. Gontijo, W. Duarte da Rocha, and S. Pontes Ribeiro. 2011. As comunidades de formigas de serapilheira nas florestas semidecíduas do Parque Estadual do Rio Doce, Minas Gerais. MG.BIOTA, Belo Horizonte 3(5): 5-24.<br />
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*Smith M. R. 1937. The ants of Puerto Rico. Journal of Agriculture of the University of Puerto Rico 20: 819-875.<br />
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*Soares S. A., W. F. Antoniali Junior, and S. E. Lima-Junior. 2010. Diversidade de formigas epigéicas (Hymenoptera, Formicidae) em dois ambientes no Centro-Oeste do Brasil. Revista Brasileira de Entomologia 54(1): 7681.<br />
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*Weber N. A. 1952. Biological notes on Dacetini (Hymenoptera, Formicidae). American Museum Novitates 1554: 1-7.<br />
*Wetterer J. K. 2018. Geographic Distributions of Strumigenys gundlachi and Strumigenys eggersi (Hymenoptera, Formicidae). Transactions of the American Entomological Society 144(1): 131-141.<br />
*Wheeler W. M. 1905. The ants of the Bahamas, with a list of the known West Indian species. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 21: 79-135.<br />
*Wheeler W. M. 1908. The ants of Porto Rico and the Virgin Islands. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 24: 117-158.<br />
*Wheeler W. M. 1922. The ants of Trinidad. American Museum Novitates 45: 1-16.<br />
*da Silva, R.R., C.R.F. Brandao, and R. Silvestre. 2004. Similarity Between Cerrado Localities in Central and Southeastern Brazil Based on the Dry Season Bait Visitors Ant Fauna. Studies on Neotropical Fauna and Environment 39(3):191-199.<br />
<br />
[[category:Species]]<br />
[[category:Extant species]]<br />
[[category:Formicidae]][[category:Myrmicinae]][[category:Attini]][[category:Strumigenys]][[category:Strumigenys eggersi]]<br />
[[category:Myrmicinae species]][[category:Attini species]][[category:Strumigenys species|eggersi]]<br />
[[category:Ssr]]</div>SShattuckhttps://antwiki.org/wiki/index.php?title=File:Hamer,_M.T.,_Turner,_C.R._2024._Strumigenys_emmae_new_to_Britian_(10.11646@zootaxa.5415.4.6).pdf&diff=709204File:Hamer, M.T., Turner, C.R. 2024. Strumigenys emmae new to Britian (10.11646@zootaxa.5415.4.6).pdf2024-03-27T05:12:32Z<p>SShattuck: Hamer, M.T., Turner, C.R. 2024. ''Strumigenys emmae'' (Emery, 1890) (Myrmicinae) new to Britain, with an updated key to the known ''Strumigenys'' of the West Palaearctic. Zootaxa 5415(4), 570–576 ({{doi|10.11646/zootaxa.5415.4.6}}).</p>
<hr />
<div>Hamer, M.T., Turner, C.R. 2024. ''Strumigenys emmae'' (Emery, 1890) (Myrmicinae) new to Britain, with an updated key to the known ''Strumigenys'' of the West Palaearctic. Zootaxa 5415(4), 570–576 ({{doi|10.11646/zootaxa.5415.4.6}}).</div>SShattuckhttps://antwiki.org/wiki/index.php?title=Pheidole_schwarzmaieri&diff=709203Pheidole schwarzmaieri2024-03-27T05:01:25Z<p>SShattuck: Add reference from PDF.</p>
<hr />
<div>{{Italic title}}<br />
{{Taxobox<br />
|name = ''Pheidole schwarzmaieri''<br />
|regnum = [[Animal]]ia<br />
|phylum = [[Arthropod]]a<br />
|classis = [[Insect]]a<br />
|ordo = [[Hymenoptera]]<br />
|familia = [[Formicidae]]<br />
|subfamilia = [[Myrmicinae]]<br />
|tribus = [[Attini]]<br />
|genus = ''[[Pheidole]]''<br />
|species = '''''P. schwarzmaieri'''''<br />
|binomial = ''Pheidole schwarzmaieri''<br />
|binomial_authority = Borgmeier, 1939<br />
}}<br />
<br />
Nothing is known about the biology of ''schwarzmaieri''.<br />
<br />
==Identification==<br />
See the [[Pheidole_schwarzmaieri#Description |description]] in the nomenclature section.<br />
<br />
{{Species identification keys}}<br />
<br />
==Distribution==<br />
From Wilson (2003): Recorded from Goiás, Mato Grosso, Minas Gerais, and São Paulo in southern Brazil and Misiones in northern Argentina (Kempf 1972b).<br />
<br />
{{Latitudinal Distribution<br />
|north_latitude_limit=-10.06666667<br />
|south_latitude_limit=-27.5602<br />
|north_temperate=<br />
|north_subtropical=<br />
|tropical=yes<br />
|south_subtropical=yes<br />
|south_temperate=<br />
|source =[https://antmaps.org AntMaps]<br />
|notes =<br />
}}<br />
<!--DO NOT EDIT THIS TEXT. To update this list add or remove taxa from individual regional taxon list pages.--><br />
===Distribution based on [[:Category:Regional Taxon List|Regional Taxon Lists]]===<br />
'''[[:Category:Neotropical Region|Neotropical Region]]''': [[Argentina]], [[Brazil]] {{SmallFont|([[type locality]])}}.<br /><br />
<!--END OF DISTRIBUTION LIST--><br />
{{AntMapsMap}}<br />
{{Countries Occupied|count=2}}<br />
{{Estimated Abundance|count=24}}<br />
<br />
==Biology==<br />
<br />
==Castes==<br />
<br />
==Nomenclature==<br />
{{Nomenclature}}<br />
*''<span style='color:red;font-weight:bold;'>schwarzmaieri.</span> Pheidole schwarzmaieri'' Borgmeier, 1939: 420, fig, 6 (s.w.) BRAZIL. See also: Wilson, 2003: 750.<br />
<br />
{{Nomenplus}}<br />
<br />
<!--Un-comment this template when adding type specimen data<br />
===Type Material===<br />
*{{TypeSpecimen<br />
|publishedname=<br />
|status=<br />
|statuspublication=<br />
|material=<br />
|locality=<br />
|country=Brazil<br />
|coordinates={{Inline coordinates|||0|NS|||0|EW}} COMMENT OUT IF UNKNOWN<br />
|collector=<br />
|collectiondate=<br />
|specimenidentifier=<br />
|institution=<br />
|notes=<br />
}}<br />
<br />
--><br />
===Description===<br />
From Wilson (2003): DIAGNOSIS Similar to ''[[Pheidole amata]]'', ''[[Pheidole ambigua]]'', ''[[Pheidole celaena]]'', ''[[Pheidole fera]]'', ''[[Pheidole germaini]]'', ''[[Pheidole peruviana]]'', ''[[Pheidole rutilana]]'', ''[[Pheidole superba]]'' and ''[[Pheidole vomer]]'', differing as follows. <br />
<br />
Major: large, rich reddish brown; center of median clypeal carinae projects forward as a short lobe; head subrectangular, elongate, with deep occipital cleft; posterior half of dorsal head surface smooth and shiny, anterior half carinulate; no rugoreticulum; small metanotal convexity present in addition to mesonotal convexity; propodeal spines in side view large and vertical to propodeal basal face; apex of petiolar node in side view tapers to a blunt point; mesosoma and waist foveolate and opaque. <br />
<br />
Minor: occiput narrow, with nuchal collar; all of body foveolate and opaque except gaster, which is entirely smooth; propodeal spines reduced to denticles. <br />
<br />
MEASUREMENTS (mm) Lectotype major: HW 2.02, HL 2.50, SL 1.00, EL 0.24, PW 0.80. Paralectotype minor: HW 0.64, HL 0.72, SL 0.84, EL 0.12, PW 0.42. <br />
<br />
COLOR Major: head, mandibles, and mesosoma rich medium reddish brown; waist and gaster plain medium to dark brown; appendages yellowish brown. <br />
<br />
Minor: head and gaster medium brown; mesosoma, waist, and appendages light brown.<br />
<br />
<br />
<div class="ib"> [[File:Pheidole schwarzmaieri Wilson 2003.jpg |500px]] </div><br />
<br />
'''Figure. Upper: lectotype, major (with magnified profile of metanotum and surrounding area shown above side view; and below head, three hypostomas, the lectotype on the left and two examples from an Anápolis, Goiás, series in the middle and on right). Lower: paralectotype, minor. Scale bars = 1 mm.'''<br />
<br />
===Type Material===<br />
BRAZIL: Goiânia, Goiás. {{MZSP}} - as reported in Wilson (2003)<br />
<br />
===Etymology===<br />
Eponymous. (Wilson 2003)<br />
<br />
==References==<br />
*{{Wilson2003}} (page 750, fig. major, minor described)<br />
*[[Media:Albuquerque, E., Prado, L. et al. 2021. Ants of the State of Pará, Brazil (10.11646@zootaxa.5001.1.1).pdf|Albuquerque, E., Prado, L., Andrade-Silva, J., Siqueira, E., Sampaio, K., Alves, D., Brandão, C., Andrade, P., Feitosa, R., Koch, E., Delabie, J., Fernandes, I., Baccaro, F., Souza, J., Almeida, R., Silva, R. 2021. Ants of the State of Pará, Brazil: a historical and comprehensive dataset of a key biodiversity hotspot in the Amazon Basin. Zootaxa 5001, 1–83]] ({{doi|10.11646/zootaxa.5001.1.1}}).<br />
*[[Media:de Albuquerque, N.L., Brandao, C.R.F. 2004. A revision of the Neotropical Solenopsidini ant genus Oxyepoecus. 1. The Vezenyii species-group (10.1590@S0031-10492004000400001).pdf|Albuquerque, N.L.d., Brandão, C.R.F. 2004. A revision of the Neotropical Solenopsidini ant genus ''Oxyepoecus'' Santschi, 1926 (Hymenoptera: Formicidae: Myrmicinae). 1. The ''Vezenyii'' species-group. Papéis Avulsos de Zoologia (São Paulo). 44: 55-80]] ({{doi|10.1590/S0031-10492004000400001}}).<br />
*[[Media:Borgmeier 1939.pdf|Borgmeier, T. 1939. Nova contribuiça~o para o conhecimento das formigas neotropicas (Hym. Formicidae). Rev. Entomol. (Rio J.) 10: 403-428.]] (page 420, fig. 6 soldier, worker described)<br />
*[[Media:Mendoza-Penagos, C.C., Vadla, H.K.O. et al. 2020. Assessing sodium limitation as a resource for ground-dwelling ants (10.46357@bcnaturais.v15i1.269).pdf|Mendoza-Penagos, C.C., Hessen, K.O.V., Almeida, R.P.S. 2020. Assessing sodium limitation as a resource for ground-dwelling ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) in an area of the Amazonian Terra Firme Forest. Boletim do Museu Paraense Emílio Goeldi - Ciências Naturais 15, 135–143]] ({{doi|10.46357/bcnaturais.v15i1.269}}).<br />
<br />
==References based on [https://benoitguenard.wordpress.com/gabi-articles/ Global Ant Biodiversity Informatics]==<br />
*Cuezzo, F. 1998. Formicidae. Chapter 42 in Morrone J.J., and S. Coscaron (dirs) Biodiversidad de artropodos argentinos: una perspectiva biotaxonomica Ediciones Sur, La Plata. Pages 452-462.<br />
*Kempf W. W. 1964e. Miscellaneous studies on Neotropical ants. III. (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). Studia Entomologica 7: 45-71.<br />
*Kempf W. W. 1978. A preliminary zoogeographical analysis of a regional ant fauna in Latin America. 114. Studia Entomologica 20: 43-62.<br />
*Kempf, W.W. 1972. Catalago abreviado das formigas da regiao Neotropical (Hym. Formicidae) Studia Entomologica 15(1-4).<br />
*Vittar, F. 2008. Hormigas (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) de la Mesopotamia Argentina. INSUGEO Miscelania 17(2):447-466<br />
<br />
[[category:Species]]<br />
[[category:Extant species]]<br />
[[category:Formicidae]][[category:Myrmicinae]][[category:Attini]][[category:Pheidole]][[category:Pheidole schwarzmaieri]]<br />
[[category:Myrmicinae species]][[category:Attini species]][[category:Pheidole species|schwarzmaieri]]<br />
[[category:Need Images]]</div>SShattuckhttps://antwiki.org/wiki/index.php?title=Pheidole_obtusopilosa&diff=709202Pheidole obtusopilosa2024-03-27T05:01:14Z<p>SShattuck: Add reference from PDF.</p>
<hr />
<div>{{Italic title}}<br />
{{Taxobox<br />
|name = ''Pheidole obtusopilosa''<br />
|image = Pheidole_obtusopilosa_casent0919785_h_1_high.jpg<br />
|image_width = {{width}}<br />
|regnum = [[Animal]]ia<br />
|phylum = [[Arthropod]]a<br />
|classis = [[Insect]]a<br />
|ordo = [[Hymenoptera]]<br />
|familia = [[Formicidae]]<br />
|subfamilia = [[Myrmicinae]]<br />
|tribus = [[Attini]]<br />
|genus = ''[[Pheidole]]''<br />
|species_group = ''flavens''<br />
|species = '''''P. obtusopilosa'''''<br />
|binomial = ''Pheidole obtusopilosa''<br />
|binomial_authority = Mayr, 1887<br />
----<br />
[[File:Pheidole_obtusopilosa_casent0919785_p_1_high.jpg|{{width}}]]<br />
<br />
[[File:Pheidole_obtusopilosa_casent0919785_d_1_high.jpg|{{width}}]]<br />
<br />
[[:File:Pheidole_obtusopilosa_casent0919785_l_1_high.jpg|Specimen Labels]]<br />
<br />
}}<br />
<br />
A collection of ''obtusopilosa'' was made by William L. Brown at the Boraceia Biological Station, near Salesópolis, São Paulo, in wet mountain forest at 850 m. (Wilson 2003)<br />
<br />
==Identification==<br />
See the [[Pheidole_ obtusopilosa#Description |description]] in the nomenclature section.<br />
<br />
{{Species identification keys}}<br />
<br />
==Distribution==<br />
Recorded from Uruguay; and, in Argentina, the northern and central provinces of Buenos Aires, Córdoba, Jujuy, La Pampa, and Tucumán (Kempf 1972b). I have confirmed a series from São Paulo. (Wilson 2003)<br />
<br />
{{Latitudinal Distribution<br />
|north_latitude_limit=-13.121944<br />
|south_latitude_limit=-37.12<br />
|north_temperate=<br />
|north_subtropical=<br />
|tropical=yes<br />
|south_subtropical=yes<br />
|south_temperate=yes<br />
|source =[https://antmaps.org AntMaps]<br />
|notes =<br />
}}<br />
<!--DO NOT EDIT THIS TEXT. To update this list add or remove taxa from individual regional taxon list pages.--><br />
===Distribution based on [[:Category:Regional Taxon List|Regional Taxon Lists]]===<br />
'''[[:Category:Neotropical Region|Neotropical Region]]''': [[Argentina]], [[Brazil]], [[Uruguay]] {{SmallFont|([[type locality]])}}.<br /><br />
<!--END OF DISTRIBUTION LIST--><br />
{{AntMapsMap}}<br />
{{Countries Occupied|count=3}}<br />
{{Estimated Abundance|count=74}}<br />
<br />
==Biology==<br />
Kempf (1974) reported that ''[[Oxyepoecus bruchi]]'' were collected with ''P. obtusopilosa'' in Alta Gracia and La Granja, Córdoba, Argentina.<br />
<br />
==Castes==<br />
<br />
<br />
==Nomenclature==<br />
{{Nomenclature}}<br />
*''<span style='color:red;font-weight:bold;'>obtusopilosa.</span> Pheidole obtusopilosa'' Mayr, 1887: 586 (s.), 602 (w.) URUGUAY. Santschi, 1917f: 278 (m.); Santschi, 1926d: 7 (q.). See also: Wilson, 2003: 477.<br />
<br />
{{Nomenplus}}<br />
<br />
<!--Un-comment this template when adding type specimen data<br />
===Type Material===<br />
*{{TypeSpecimen<br />
|publishedname=<br />
|status=<br />
|statuspublication=<br />
|material=<br />
|locality=<br />
|country=Uruguay<br />
|coordinates={{Inline coordinates|||0|NS|||0|EW}} COMMENT OUT IF UNKNOWN<br />
|collector=<br />
|collectiondate=<br />
|specimenidentifier=<br />
|institution=<br />
|notes=<br />
}}<br />
<br />
--><br />
===Description===<br />
From Wilson (2003): DIAGNOSIS Similar to ''[[Pheidole heterothrix]]'', distinguished from it and other ''Pheidole'' species by the following combination of traits. <br />
<br />
Major: entire dorsal surface of head rugoreticulate except for frontal lobes, frontal triangle, clypeus, and anterior genae; humeri rugoreticulate; anterior margin of pronotal dorsum carinulate; all of mesosoma and waist foveolate; postpetiole from above elliptical. <br />
<br />
Minor: almost all of body except gaster foveolate and opaque; humeri subangulate; propodeal spines moderately long and slender; occipital margin concave; nuchal collar absent.<br />
<br />
MEASUREMENTS (mm) Lectotype major: HW 1.16, HL 1.18, SL 0.54, EL 0.14, PW 0.60.<br />
Paralectotype minor: HW 0.56, HL 0.58, SL 0.50, EL 0.10, PW 0.36.<br />
<br />
COLOR Major: body light reddish brown except for gaster, which is plain medium brown.<br />
<br />
<br />
<div class="ib"> [[File:Pheidole obtusopilosa Wilson 2003.jpg |500px]] </div><br />
<br />
'''Figure. Upper: lectotype, major. Lower: paralectotype, minor. Scale bars = 1 mm.'''<br />
<br />
===Type Material===<br />
URUGUAY {{NHMW}} - as reported in Wilson (2003)<br />
<br />
===Etymology===<br />
L ''obtusopilosa'', blunt-haired, allusion uncertain. (Wilson 2003)<br />
<br />
==References==<br />
*{{Wilson2003}} (page 477, fig. major, minor described)<br />
*[[Media:de Albuquerque, N.L., Brandao, C.R.F. 2004. A revision of the Neotropical Solenopsidini ant genus Oxyepoecus. 1. The Vezenyii species-group (10.1590@S0031-10492004000400001).pdf|Albuquerque, N.L.d., Brandão, C.R.F. 2004. A revision of the Neotropical Solenopsidini ant genus ''Oxyepoecus'' Santschi, 1926 (Hymenoptera: Formicidae: Myrmicinae). 1. The ''Vezenyii'' species-group. Papéis Avulsos de Zoologia (São Paulo). 44: 55-80]] ({{doi|10.1590/S0031-10492004000400001}}).<br />
*[[Media:Casadei-Ferreira, A., Economo, E.P. et al. 2020. Additions to the taxonomy of Pheidole from the southern grasslands of Brazil.pdf|Casadei-Ferreira, A., Economo, E.P., Feitosa, R.M. 2020. Additions to the taxonomy of ''Pheidole'' (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) from the southern grasslands of Brazil. Revista Brasileira de Entomologia 64(4):e20200068]] ({{doi|10.1590/1806-9665-RBENT-2020-0068}}).<br />
*[[Media:Dröse, W., Podgaiski, L.R. et al. 2021. Passive restoration of subtropical grasslands leads to incomplete recovery of ant communities (10.1016@j.biocon.2021.109387).pdf|Dröse, W., Podgaiski, L.R., Gossner, M.M., Meyer, S.T., Hermann, J.-M., Leidinger, J., Koch, C., Kollmann, J., Weisser, W.W., de S. Mendonça, M., Overbeck, G.E. 2021. Passive restoration of subtropical grasslands leads to incomplete recovery of ant communities in early successional stages. Biological Conservation 264, 109387]] ({{doi|10.1016/j.biocon.2021.109387}}).<br />
*Mayr, G. 1887. Südamerikanische Formiciden. Verh. K-K. Zool.-Bot. Ges. Wien 37: 511-632 (page 586, 602, soldier described, worker described)<br />
*Santschi, F. 1917f. Description de quelques nouvelles fourmis de la République Argentine. An. Soc. Cient. Argent. 84: 277-283 (page 278, male described)<br />
*Santschi, F. 1926d. Deux nouvelles fourmis parasites de l'Argentine. Folia Myrmecol. Termit. 1: 6-8 (page 7, queen described)<br />
<br />
==References based on [https://benoitguenard.wordpress.com/gabi-articles/ Global Ant Biodiversity Informatics]==<br />
*Drose W., L. R. Podgaiski, C. Fagundes Dias, M. de Souza Mendonca. 2019. Local and regional drivers of ant communities in forest-grassland ecotones in South Brazil: A taxonomic and phylogenetic approach. Plos ONE 14(4): e0215310.<br />
*Fernández, F. and S. Sendoya. 2004. Lista de las hormigas neotropicales. Biota Colombiana Volume 5, Number 1.<br />
*Kempf, W.W. 1972. Catalago abreviado das formigas da regiao Neotropical (Hym. Formicidae) Studia Entomologica 15(1-4).<br />
*Kusnezov N. 1952. El género Pheidole en la Argentina (Hymenoptera, Formicidae). Acta Zoologica Lilloana 12: 5-88.<br />
*Kusnezov N. 1978. Hormigas argentinas: clave para su identificación. Miscelánea. Instituto Miguel Lillo 61:1-147 + 28 pl.<br />
*Osorio Rosado J. L, M. G. de Goncalves, W. Drose, E. J. Ely e Silva, R. F. Kruger, and A. Enimar Loeck. 2013. Effect of climatic variables and vine crops on the epigeic ant fauna (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) in the Campanha region, state of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. J Insect Conserv 17: 1113-1123.<br />
*Pignalberi C. T. 1961. Contribución al conocimiento de los formícidos de la provincia de Santa Fé. Pp. 165-173 in: Comisión Investigación Científica; Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (Argentina) 1961. Actas y trabajos del primer Congreso Sudamericano de Zoología (La Plata, 12-24 octubre 1959). Tomo III. Buenos Aires: Librart, 276 pp.<br />
*Santschi F. 1916. Formicides sudaméricains nouveaux ou peu connus. Physis (Buenos Aires). 2: 365-399.<br />
*Vittar, F. 2008. Hormigas (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) de la Mesopotamia Argentina. INSUGEO Miscelania 17(2):447-466<br />
*Vittar, F., and F. Cuezzo. "Hormigas (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) de la provincia de Santa Fe, Argentina." Revista de la Sociedad Entomológica Argentina (versión On-line ISSN 1851-7471) 67, no. 1-2 (2008).<br />
*Zolessi L. C. de, Y. P. Abenante, and M. E. de Philippi. 1988. Lista sistematica de las especies de Formicidos del Uruguay. Comun. Zool. Mus. Hist. Nat. Montev. 11: 1-9.<br />
*de Zolessi, L.C., Y.P. de Abenante and M.E. Philippi. 1987. Lista sistemática de las especies de formícidos del Uruguay. Comunicaciones Zoologicas del Museo de Historia Natural de Montevideo 11(165):1-9<br />
*de Zolessi, L.C., Y.P. de Abenante and M.E. Phillipi. 1989. Catalago Systematico de las Especies de Formicidos del Uruguay (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). Oficina Regional de Ciencia y Technologia de la Unesco para America Latina y el Caribe- ORCYT. Montevideo, Uruguay<br />
<br />
[[category:Species]]<br />
[[category:Extant species]]<br />
[[category:Formicidae]][[category:Myrmicinae]][[category:Attini]][[category:Pheidole]][[category:Pheidole obtusopilosa]]<br />
[[category:Myrmicinae species]][[category:Attini species]][[category:Pheidole species|obtusopilosa]]</div>SShattuckhttps://antwiki.org/wiki/index.php?title=Pheidole_claviscapa&diff=709201Pheidole claviscapa2024-03-27T05:01:03Z<p>SShattuck: Add reference from PDF.</p>
<hr />
<div>{{Italic title}}<br />
{{Taxobox<br />
|name = ''Pheidole claviscapa''<br />
|image = Pheidole_claviscapa__casent0901478_h_1_high.jpg<br />
|image_width = {{width}}<br />
|regnum = [[Animal]]ia<br />
|phylum = [[Arthropod]]a<br />
|classis = [[Insect]]a<br />
|ordo = [[Hymenoptera]]<br />
|familia = [[Formicidae]]<br />
|subfamilia = [[Myrmicinae]]<br />
|tribus = [[Attini]]<br />
|genus = ''[[Pheidole]]''<br />
|species = '''''P. claviscapa'''''<br />
|binomial = ''Pheidole claviscapa''<br />
|binomial_authority = Santschi, 1925<br />
----<br />
[[File:Pheidole_claviscapa__casent0901478_p_1_high.jpg|{{width}}]]<br />
<br />
[[File:Pheidole_claviscapa__casent0901478_d_1_high.jpg|{{width}}]]<br />
<br />
[[:File:Pheidole_claviscapa__casent0901478_l_1_high.jpg|Specimen Labels]]<br />
<br />
}}<br />
<br />
The preferred habitat is evidently cerrado, the tropical savanna of central South America. (Wilson 2003)<br />
<br />
==Identification==<br />
See the [[Pheidole_claviscapa#Description |description]] in the nomenclature section.<br />
<br />
{{Species identification keys}}<br />
<br />
==Distribution==<br />
From Wilson (2003): Recorded from Minas Gerais, Goiás, Mato Grosso, and Ceará by Kempf (1972b). I have seen in addition a series from Santa Cruz, eastern [[Bolivia]], col. P. S. Ward. <br />
<br />
{{Latitudinal Distribution<br />
|north_latitude_limit=-17.35<br />
|south_latitude_limit=-17.35<br />
|north_temperate=<br />
|north_subtropical=<br />
|tropical=yes<br />
|south_subtropical=<br />
|south_temperate=<br />
|source =[https://antmaps.org AntMaps]<br />
|notes =<br />
}}<br />
<!--DO NOT EDIT THIS TEXT. To update this list add or remove taxa from individual regional taxon list pages.--><br />
===Distribution based on [[:Category:Regional Taxon List|Regional Taxon Lists]]===<br />
'''[[:Category:Neotropical Region|Neotropical Region]]''': [[Bolivia]], [[Brazil]] {{SmallFont|([[type locality]])}}.<br /><br />
<!--END OF DISTRIBUTION LIST--><br />
{{AntMapsMap}}<br />
{{Countries Occupied|count=2}}<br />
{{Estimated Abundance|count=22}}<br />
<br />
==Biology==<br />
<br />
==Castes==<br />
<br />
==Nomenclature==<br />
{{Nomenclature}}<br />
*''<span style='color:red;font-weight:bold;'>claviscapa.</span> Pheidole claviscapa'' Santschi, 1925d: 224 (s.w.) BRAZIL. See also: Kempf, 1964e: 56; Wilson, 2003: 276.<br />
<br />
{{Nomenplus}}<br />
<br />
<!--Un-comment this template when adding type specimen data<br />
===Type Material===<br />
*{{TypeSpecimen<br />
|publishedname=<br />
|status=<br />
|statuspublication=<br />
|material=<br />
|locality=<br />
|country=Brazil<br />
|coordinates={{Inline coordinates|||0|NS|||0|EW}} COMMENT OUT IF UNKNOWN<br />
|collector=<br />
|collectiondate=<br />
|specimenidentifier=<br />
|institution=<br />
|notes=<br />
}}<br />
<br />
--><br />
===Description===<br />
From Wilson (2003): One of the giant Neotropical species, comparable in size to ''[[Pheidole cephalica]]'' and ''[[Pheidole fimbriata]]'' of the ''tristis'' group (q.v.).<br />
<br />
Major: very large, Head Width about 2.1 mm; antennal scape broadly swollen and flattened at base; space between eye and antennal fossa rugoreticulate; entire median strip of gaster shagreened. <br />
<br />
Minor: head in full-face view elliptical in outline, with nuchal crest; entire head, except frontal triangle, and mesosoma and waist foveolate and opaque; anterior half of first gastral tergite shagreened.<br />
<br />
MEASUREMENTS (mm) Major (Anápolis, Brazil): HW 2.10, HL 2.24, SL 1.20, EL 0.26, PW 1.04.<br />
Minor (Anápolis, Brazil): HW 0.80, HL 1.04, SL 1.36, EL 0.20, PW 0.62.<br />
<br />
COLOR Major and minor: reddish yellow (“orange”) or reddish brown.<br />
<br />
<br />
<div class="ib"> [[File:Pheidole claviscapa Wilson 2003.jpg |500px]] </div><br />
<br />
'''Figure. Upper: major; the antennal scape viewed edge-on is depicted next to the frontal view of the head; the upper of the two dorsal-oblique views is of a syntype major. Lower: minor. BRAZIL: Anápolis, Goiás, col. W. Kempf. Compared with syntypes. Scale bars = 1 mm.'''<br />
[[File:Pheidole claviscapa casent0901478 l 1 high.jpg|200px|thumb|right|Type Specimen Labels]] <br />
<br />
===Type Material===<br />
Brazil. Pirapora, Minas Gerais. {{NHMB}} - as reported in Wilson (2003)<br />
<br />
===Etymology===<br />
L Gr ''claviscapa'', “club stem,” referring to the swollen and somewhat flattened base of the antennal scape. (Wilson 2003)<br />
<br />
==References==<br />
*{{Wilson2003}}(page 276, fig. major, minor described)<br />
*[[Media:de Albuquerque, N.L., Brandao, C.R.F. 2004. A revision of the Neotropical Solenopsidini ant genus Oxyepoecus. 1. The Vezenyii species-group (10.1590@S0031-10492004000400001).pdf|Albuquerque, N.L.d., Brandão, C.R.F. 2004. A revision of the Neotropical Solenopsidini ant genus ''Oxyepoecus'' Santschi, 1926 (Hymenoptera: Formicidae: Myrmicinae). 1. The ''Vezenyii'' species-group. Papéis Avulsos de Zoologia (São Paulo). 44: 55-80]] ({{doi|10.1590/S0031-10492004000400001}}).<br />
*Kempf, W. W. 1964e. Miscellaneous studies on Neotropical ants. III. (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). Stud. Entomol. 7: 45-71 (page 56, see also)<br />
*Kempf, W. W. 1972b. Catálogo abreviado das formigas da região Neotropical. Stud. Entomol. 15: 3–344.<br />
*Santschi, F. 1925d. Nouveaux Formicides brésiliens et autres. Bull. Ann. Soc. Entomol. Belg. 65: 221-247 (page 224, soldier, worker described)<br />
<br />
==References based on [https://benoitguenard.wordpress.com/gabi-articles/ Global Ant Biodiversity Informatics]==<br />
*Fernández, F. and S. Sendoya. 2004. Lista de las hormigas neotropicales. Biota Colombiana Volume 5, Number 1.<br />
*Kempf W. W. 1964e. Miscellaneous studies on Neotropical ants. III. (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). Studia Entomologica 7: 45-71.<br />
*Kempf W. W. 1978. A preliminary zoogeographical analysis of a regional ant fauna in Latin America. 114. Studia Entomologica 20: 43-62.<br />
*Kempf, W.W. 1972. Catalago abreviado das formigas da regiao Neotropical (Hym. Formicidae) Studia Entomologica 15(1-4).<br />
*Santschi F. 1925. Nouveaux Formicides brésiliens et autres. Bulletin et Annales de la Société Entomologique de Belgique 65: 221-247.<br />
<br />
[[category:Species]]<br />
[[category:Extant species]]<br />
[[category:Formicidae]][[category:Myrmicinae]][[category:Attini]][[category:Pheidole]][[category:Pheidole claviscapa]]<br />
[[category:Myrmicinae species]][[category:Attini species]][[category:Pheidole species|claviscapa]]<br />
[[Category:Ssr]]</div>SShattuckhttps://antwiki.org/wiki/index.php?title=Oxyepoecus_vivax&diff=709200Oxyepoecus vivax2024-03-27T05:00:52Z<p>SShattuck: Add reference from PDF.</p>
<hr />
<div>{{Italic title}}<br />
{{Taxobox<br />
|name = ''Oxyepoecus vivax''<br />
|regnum = [[Animal]]ia<br />
|phylum = [[Arthropod]]a<br />
|classis = [[Insect]]a<br />
|ordo = [[Hymenoptera]]<br />
|familia = [[Formicidae]]<br />
|subfamilia = [[Myrmicinae]]<br />
|tribus = [[Solenopsidini]]<br />
|genus = ''[[Oxyepoecus]]''<br />
|species = '''''O. vivax'''''<br />
|binomial = ''Oxyepoecus vivax''<br />
|binomial_authority = Kempf, 1974<br />
}}<br />
<br />
This species is only known from a holotype queen specimen.<br />
<br />
==Identification==<br />
The diagnostic characters of ''O. vivax'' gynes in relation to the other species in the Vezenyii group are the elongate mandibles, the blunt clypeal denticles and the relatively scarcely laterad expanded postpetiole (Albuquerque and Brandão 2004).<br />
<br />
{{Species identification keys}}<br />
<br />
==Distribution==<br />
The lone holotype specimen was found in Minas Gerais State, Brasil.<br />
<br />
{{Latitudinal Distribution<br />
|north_latitude_limit=-15.98333333<br />
|south_latitude_limit=-15.98333333<br />
|north_temperate=<br />
|north_subtropical=<br />
|tropical=yes<br />
|south_subtropical=<br />
|south_temperate=<br />
|source =[https://antmaps.org AntMaps]<br />
|notes =<br />
}}<br />
<!--DO NOT EDIT THIS TEXT. To update this list add or remove taxa from individual regional taxon list pages.--><br />
===Distribution based on [[:Category:Regional Taxon List|Regional Taxon Lists]]===<br />
'''[[:Category:Neotropical Region|Neotropical Region]]''': [[Brazil]] {{SmallFont|([[type locality]])}}.<br /><br />
<!--END OF DISTRIBUTION LIST--><br />
{{AntMapsMap}}<br />
{{Countries Occupied|count=1}}<br />
{{Estimated Abundance|count=3}}<br />
<br />
==Biology==<br />
Nothing is known about the biology of this species.<br />
{{Explore|title=Overview of ''Oxyepoecus'' biology|text={{Overview/Oxyepoecus}} }}<br />
<br />
==Castes==<br />
Only known from the queen.<br />
<br />
==Nomenclature==<br />
{{Nomenclature}}<br />
*''<span style='color:red;font-weight:bold;'>vivax.</span> Oxyepoecus vivax'' Kempf, 1974b: 508, figs. 31-33, 38, 39 (q.) BRAZIL. Albuquerque & Brandão, 2004: 77 (q.).<br />
<br />
<!--Un-comment this template when adding type specimen data<br />
===Type Material===<br />
*{{TypeSpecimen<br />
|publishedname=<br />
|status=<br />
|statuspublication=<br />
|material=<br />
|locality=<br />
|country=Brazil<br />
|coordinates={{Inline coordinates|||0|NS|||0|EW}} COMMENT OUT IF UNKNOWN<br />
|collector=<br />
|collectiondate=<br />
|specimenidentifier=<br />
|institution=<br />
|notes=<br />
}}<br />
--><br />
{{nomenplus}}<br />
<br />
[[File:Kempf 1974 Oxyepoecus fig 31-37.jpg|250px|border|right]] The unusually elongate and linear mandibles place ''vivax'' in the vicinity of ''[[Oxyepoecus inquilinus]]'' (the female of which is still unknown), differing, however, in the blunt clypeal armature, the entirely sculptured frons, the globose, not scalelike petiolar node, the relatively little expanded postpetiole.<br />
<br />
The relatively large size is shared with ''[[Oxyepoecus mandibularis]]'' (the latter likewise known only in the worker caste, and not seen during this study), which has short, triangular mandibles with a deep cleft between basal and subbasal tooth on the chewing border, and the cephalic dorsum more heavily and extensively sculptured. <br />
<br />
From the already known queens in genus ''Oxyepoecus'', ''vivax'' is readily separated by its much larger size, the long, linear mandibles, the irregular sculpture on basal face of propodeum. <br />
<br />
===Description===<br />
====Queen==== <br />
(holotype). Total length 3.8 mm; head length 0.75 mm; head width 0.67 mm; scape length 0.58 mm; maximum diameter of eyes 0.29 mm; Weber's length of thorax 1.09 mm; maximum width of pronotum 0.61 mm; hind femur length 0.73 mm; fore wing length 2.4 mm; hind wing length 2.0 mm; petiole width 0.27 mm; postpetiole width 0.32 mm; cephalic index 89. Color reddish brown; vertex, occiput, posterior portion of sides of head, and gaster somewhat infuscated; mandibles, legs except coxae, and antennae yellowish brown. Wings slightly [[File:Kempf 1974 Oxyepoecus fig 38-42.jpg|250px|border|left]] infumated, veins light brown. Integument smooth and shining with the following exceptions: cheeks and lateral portions of clypeus finely longitudinally costulate; frontal carinae and frons finely longitudinally costulate, the posterior portions rather indistinct, not reaching laterally the eyes nor posteriorly the ocelli; occiput with transverse costulae; dorsum of pronotum feebly and obliquely costulate; paraptera and scutellum regularly longitudinally costulate; basal face of propodeum with oblique, asymetrically disposed rugulae or costae; mesopleura, metapleura and sides of propodeum with patches of costulate sculpture; sides and posterior surface of petiolar and postpetiolar node horizontally, respectively transversely costulate. Hairs abundant, standing on dorsum of head and thorax, oblique on petiole and gaster; shorter, inclined hairs on dorsum of head, sides of head, mandibles, antennae and legs. <br />
<br />
Head. Mandibles elongate, sublinear, the basal border longer than the chewing border with which it scarcely forms an angle; a broad but shallow diastema between the small basal and subbasal tooth. Median apron of clypeus protruding, with the usual longitudinal, anteriorly diverging carinae, but the anterior teeth are blunt and scarcely prominent, and the lateral dentides minute and inconspicuous. Frontal carinae, except the anterior curvature, absolutely straight and parallel, the distance between their outer edges slightly less than one third of the head width, as measured behind the eyes. Frontal area smooth, impressed, ill-delimited. Eyes huge, prominent, with several hundred ommatidia, oval in outline. Ocelli small. Antennal scapes nearly reaching the narrowly rounded occipital corner when laid back over the head as much as possible. Funicular segments I, VIII, IX and X much longer than broad, II-VI somewhat broader than long, VII about as long as broad. Occiput in full-face view slightly excavated. <br />
<br />
Thorax. Pronotum entirely declivous in the middle, the sides submarginate, the shoulders practically rounded, scarcely marked. Propodeal armature consisting of short yet pointed spines; in dorsal view their length is less than half the distance between the inner side of their bases. Declivous face of propodeum slightly excavate and laterally carinate. Wings: note the variation in the same individual, where the discoidal cell is reduced to a small solid rectangle in the left fore wing, while it is normal in the right fore wing. Hind wing with 6 hamuli. <br />
<br />
Petiole and postpetiole. Petiole pedunculate, subpetiolar tooth small, node globose, in dorsal view only slightly shorter than broad, not expanded laterad nor antero-posteriorly compressed: postpetiole likewise little compressed antero-posteriorly and very little expanded laterad, not conspicuously broader than petiolar node; anterior subpostpetiolar process very prominent, but not bidentate. Gaster not excised nor truncate in front. <br />
<br />
===Type Material===<br />
Kempf (1974) - A single female (holotype, WWK n. 8836) , collected by Dr. C. A. C. Seabra & Lt.-Cel. Moacyr Alvarenga at Pedra Azul, altitude 800 m, XI-1972, in the northeast of the State of Minas Gerais, Brazil. <br />
<br />
==References==<br />
*Albuquerque, N. L. d. and C. R. F. Brandão. 2004. A revision of the Neotropical Solenopsidini ant genus Oxyepoecus Santschi, 1926 (Hymenoptera: Formicidae: Myrmicinae). 1. The Vezenyii species-group. Papéis Avulsos de Zoologia (São Paulo). 44:55-80. DOI: [http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/S0031-10492004000400001 10.1590/S0031-10492004000400001] (page 77, queen described)<br />
*Albuquerque, N. L. d. and C. R. F. Brandão. 2009. A revision of the Neotropical Solenopsidini ant genus Oxyepoecus Santschi, 1926 (Hymenoptera: Formicidae: Myrmicinae): 2. Final. Key for species and revision of the Rastratus species-group. Papéis Avulsos de Zoologia (São Paulo). 49:289-309.<br />
*[[Media:de Albuquerque, N.L., Brandao, C.R.F. 2004. A revision of the Neotropical Solenopsidini ant genus Oxyepoecus. 1. The Vezenyii species-group (10.1590@S0031-10492004000400001).pdf|Albuquerque, N.L.d., Brandão, C.R.F. 2004. A revision of the Neotropical Solenopsidini ant genus ''Oxyepoecus'' Santschi, 1926 (Hymenoptera: Formicidae: Myrmicinae). 1. The ''Vezenyii'' species-group. Papéis Avulsos de Zoologia (São Paulo). 44: 55-80]] ({{doi|10.1590/S0031-10492004000400001}}).<br />
*Kempf, W. W. 1974b. A review of the Neotropical ant genus Oxyepoecus Santschi (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). Stud. Entomol. 17: 471-512 (page 508, figs. 31-33, 38, 39 queen described)<br />
<br />
==References based on [https://benoitguenard.wordpress.com/gabi-articles/ Global Ant Biodiversity Informatics]==<br />
*Albuquerque N. L. and Brandão, C. R. F. 2004. A revision of the Neotropical Solenopsidini ant genus Oxyepoecus Santschi, 1926 (Hymenoptera: Formicidae: Myrmicinae). 1. The Vezenyii species-group. Papeis Avulsos de Zoologia (São Paulo) 44: 55-80.<br />
*Kempf W. W. 1974. A review of the Neotropical ant genus Oxyepoecus Santschi (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). Studia Entomologica 17: 471-512.<br />
*Ulyssea M. A., C. R. F. Brandao. 2013. Catalogue of Dacetini and Solenopsidini ant type specimens (Hymenoptera, Formicidae, Myrmicinae) deposited in the Museu de Zoologia da Universidade de Sao Paulo, Brazil. Papies Avulsos de Zoologia 53(14): 187-209.<br />
<br />
[[category:Species]]<br />
[[category:Extant species]]<br />
[[category:Formicidae]][[category:Myrmicinae]][[category:Solenopsidini]][[category:Oxyepoecus]][[category:Oxyepoecus vivax]]<br />
[[category:Myrmicinae species]][[category:Solenopsidini species]][[category:Oxyepoecus species|vivax]]<br />
[[category:Need Images]]</div>SShattuckhttps://antwiki.org/wiki/index.php?title=Oxyepoecus_vezenyii&diff=709199Oxyepoecus vezenyii2024-03-27T05:00:41Z<p>SShattuck: Add reference from PDF.</p>
<hr />
<div>{{Italic title}}<br />
{{Taxobox<br />
|name = ''Oxyepoecus vezenyii''<br />
|image = Oxyepoecus vezenyii casent0178102 head 1.jpg<br />
|image_width = {{width}}<br />
|regnum = [[Animal]]ia<br />
|phylum = [[Arthropod]]a<br />
|classis = [[Insect]]a<br />
|ordo = [[Hymenoptera]]<br />
|familia = [[Formicidae]]<br />
|subfamilia = [[Myrmicinae]]<br />
|tribus = [[Solenopsidini]]<br />
|genus = ''[[Oxyepoecus]]''<br />
|species = '''''O. vezenyii'''''<br />
|binomial = ''Oxyepoecus vezenyii''<br />
|binomial_authority = (Forel, 1907)<br />
----<br />
[[File:Oxyepoecus vezenyii casent0178102 profile 1.jpg|{{width}}]]<br />
<br />
[[File:Oxyepoecus vezenyii casent0178102 dorsal 1.jpg|{{width}}]]<br />
<br />
[[:File:Oxyepoecus vezenyii casent0178102 label 1.jpg|Specimen labels]]|Specimen labels<br />
}}<br />
<br />
A typical ''Oxyepoecus'' ant; rarely collected and little is known about its biology. Specimens have been collected in pitfall traps and in litter samples.<br />
<br />
==Identification==<br />
Workers of ''O. vezenyii'' are diagnosed by a combination of characters: the elongate mandible; the relatively small eyes with circa 20 ommatidia, and the pattern of microsculpture between the frontal carinae. The gyne runs near those of ''[[Oxyepoecus bruchi]]'' in Kempf ’s (1974) key, however it is differentiated by the pronotum, which is not declivous in the middle, and by the relatively small mesonotum (Albuquerque and Brandão 2004).<br />
<br />
{{Species identification keys}}<br />
<br />
==Distribution==<br />
Known from Brazil and Paraguay.<br />
<br />
{{Latitudinal Distribution<br />
|north_latitude_limit=-5.16666<br />
|south_latitude_limit=-29.5<br />
|north_temperate=<br />
|north_subtropical=<br />
|tropical=yes<br />
|south_subtropical=yes<br />
|south_temperate=<br />
|source =[https://antmaps.org AntMaps]<br />
|notes =<br />
}}<br />
<!--DO NOT EDIT THIS TEXT. To update this list add or remove taxa from individual regional taxon list pages.--><br />
===Distribution based on [[:Category:Regional Taxon List|Regional Taxon Lists]]===<br />
'''[[:Category:Neotropical Region|Neotropical Region]]''': [[Argentina]], [[Brazil]], [[Paraguay]] {{SmallFont|([[type locality]])}}.<br /><br />
<!--END OF DISTRIBUTION LIST--><br />
{{AntMapsMap}}<br />
{{Countries Occupied|count=2}}<br />
{{Estimated Abundance|count=90}}<br />
<br />
==Biology==<br />
Besides knowing this species has been collected in a number of ecosystems and biomes, little is known about its biology.<br />
{{Explore|title=Overview of ''Oxyepoecus'' biology|text={{Overview/Oxyepoecus}} }}<br />
<br />
==Castes==<br />
Males have not been collected.<br />
<br />
==Nomenclature==<br />
{{Nomenclature}}<br />
*''<span style='color:red;font-weight:bold;'>vezenyii.</span> Monomorium (Martia) vezenyii'' Forel, 1907a: 20 (w.) PARAGUAY. Kempf, 1969: 277 (q.). Combination in ''Martia'': Kusnezov, 1952h: 722; in ''Oxyepoecus'': Ettershank, 1966: 145. See also: Kempf, 1974b: 505.<br />
<br />
<!--Un-comment this template when adding type specimen data<br />
===Type Material===<br />
*{{TypeSpecimen<br />
|publishedname=<br />
|status=<br />
|statuspublication=<br />
|material=<br />
|locality=<br />
|country=Paraguay<br />
|coordinates={{Inline coordinates|||0|NS|||0|EW}} COMMENT OUT IF UNKNOWN<br />
|collector=<br />
|collectiondate=<br />
|specimenidentifier=<br />
|institution=<br />
|notes=<br />
}}<br />
--><br />
{{nomenplus}}<br />
<br />
[[File:Kempf 1974 oxyepoecus fig. 1-10.jpg|250px|border|right]] Kempf (1974) - The closest relative of ''vezenyii'', on account of the long, linear mandibles, the smooth integument and the antero-posteriorly compressed petiolar and postpetiolar nodes, is ''[[Oxyepoecus inquilinus]]'', from which the worker of the former differs as follows: eyes much smaller, with only 6-7 facets across the greatest diameter which is inferior to the distance that separates the eye from the mandibular insertion, the total number of ommatidia not surpassing 20-25 in all; pronotum submarginate in front and on the sides, shoulders distinctly marked and subdentate; frontal carinae more approximated to each other, the maximum distance between their outer edges distinctly less than one third of head width; costulate-striate sculpture, although in part very faint and only vestigial, more extensive on frons and on sides of thorax; subpetiolar tooth with a foliaceous appendix. <br />
<br />
The female, although conspicuously ergatomorphic on account of the poor development of the eyes, the ocelli and the pterothorax, and the total absence of wings, is nevertheless close to ''[[Oxyepoecus bruchi]]'' from which it has already been separated on a foregoing page. <br />
<br />
===Description===<br />
====Worker====<br />
[[File:Kempf 1974 Oxyepoecus fig 11-22.jpg|250px|border|left]] Kempf (1974) - Total length 2.4-3.0 mm; head length 0.57-0.67 mm; head width 0.47-0.55 mm; scape length 0.36-0.41 mm; maximum diameter of eyes 0.08-0.09 mm; Weber's length of thorax 0.68-0.79 mm; maximum width of pronotum 0.36-0.44 mm; hind femur length 0.39-0.47 mm; petiole width 0.23-0.31 mm; postpetiole width 0.27-0.35 mm; cephalic index 79-84. Color light ferruginous; mandibles, antennae and legs lighter, more yellowish, gaster usually somewhat infuscated. Integument smooth and shining with the following exceptions: frontal carinae longitudinally costulate, the costulae prolonged caudad and obliquely laterad, reaching beyond level of posterior orbit of eyes where they become faint to vestigial; cheeks with a few longitudinal rugae that reach the anterior orbit of eyes; postero-lateral corner of dorsal disc of pronotum, sides and posterior third of mesonotum, mesopleura, metapleura and sides of propodeum with longitudinal costulae, which especially on pronotum, mesonotum and mesopleura vary in their degree of distinctness, from vestigial to well formed; basal face of propodeum with 10-15 costulae, 6-8 strong ones, the others weak; sides of petiolar node with a few, widely spaced horizontal rugulae; posterior surface of postpetiole with several rows of indistinct to well-expressed transverse rugae. Hairs abundant, long, standing on head, dorsum of thorax, petiole and postpetiole, and on gaster; on head, besides the scarcer standing hairs are inclined and shorter ones, inclined mesad dorsally on disc, forward on sides; gaster without these interspersed shorter and inclined hairs. <br />
<br />
Head. Mandibles rather elongate than subtriangular, with a broad and relatively shallow diastema between the basal and subbasal tooth. Median apron of clypeus projecting above mandibles, with the usual posterior converging carinae and the anterior teeth; the lateral denticles blunt, lobe-like. Frontal carinae gently convex, slightly constricted posteriorly, the maximum width between their outer edges always less than one third of head width. Frontal area impressed, smooth and shining, ill-delimited. Eyes relatively small, with about 6-7 facets in a row across the greatest diameter which is less than the distance between the anterior orbit and the mandibular insertion: total number of ommatidia about 20. Antennal scapes failing to reach the occipital corner by a distance equalling the maximum thickness of the scape. Funicular segment I as long as II-V combined, segments II-VII distinctly broader than long, VIII and IX as long as broad. <br />
<br />
[[File:Kempf 1974 Oxyepoecus fig 31-37.jpg|250px|border|right]] Thorax. Shoulders marked, somewhat tuberculate, sides of pronotum submarginate. Metanotal groove shallowly impressed, metanotal suture indistinct. Basal face of propodeum immarginate on sides, posteriorly with two small, pointed denticles. Declivous face laterally marginate and weakly carinate. <br />
<br />
Petiole and postpetiole; the former strongly pedunculate, subpetiolar process elaborate and foliaceous, node strongly compressed antero-posteriorly and laterally expanded in a scalelike fashion, nearly as broad as postpetiole. The latter unusually broadened due to the drawn out lateral bulky lobes. Gaster shallowly excised at the postpetiolar insertion. <br />
<br />
====Queen==== <br />
Kempf (1974) - (ergatomorphic). Total length 3.1 mm; head length 0.64 mm; head width 0.53 mm; scape length 0.43 mm; maximum diameter of eyes 0.11 mm; Weber's length of thorax 0.84 mm; maximum width of pronotum 0.43 mm; hind femur length 0.46 mm; petiole width 0.30 mm; postpetiole width 0.35 mm; cephalic index 82. Resembling the worker with the modification proper of the caste. Eyes surprisingly small, as in worker, with less than 30 ommatidia. Ocelli minute, their diameter less than the minimum thickness of scape. Thorax with bluntly marked shoulders, pronotum not entirely declivous in the middle, nearly one third of the maximum length is horizontal along the sagittal line, on anterior corners a few faint transverse to oblique rugae, the rest smooth and shining. Mesonotum (scutum and scutellum) relatively small, their combined length subequal to one half of Weber's length of thorax; scutum smooth and shining with heavier piligerous punctulae; scutellum entirely smooth. Basal face of propodeum transversely costate, with 8-10 costae, which continue downward and obliquely forward on the sides. Mesopleura smooth and shining. Propodeal spines short but pointed. Petiole and postpetiole as in worker, the subpetiolar process in the form of a small foliaceous lobe. Wings never developed. <br />
<br />
===Type Material===<br />
Kempf (1974) - The lone holotype in the Forel collection was not seen during this study.<br />
<br />
==References==<br />
*[[Media:Albuquerque, E., Prado, L. et al. 2021. Ants of the State of Pará, Brazil (10.11646@zootaxa.5001.1.1).pdf|Albuquerque, E., Prado, L., Andrade-Silva, J., Siqueira, E., Sampaio, K., Alves, D., Brandão, C., Andrade, P., Feitosa, R., Koch, E., Delabie, J., Fernandes, I., Baccaro, F., Souza, J., Almeida, R., Silva, R. 2021. Ants of the State of Pará, Brazil: a historical and comprehensive dataset of a key biodiversity hotspot in the Amazon Basin. Zootaxa 5001, 1–83]] ({{doi|10.11646/zootaxa.5001.1.1}}).<br />
*Albuquerque, N. L. d. and C. R. F. Brandão. 2004. A revision of the Neotropical Solenopsidini ant genus Oxyepoecus Santschi, 1926 (Hymenoptera: Formicidae: Myrmicinae). 1. The Vezenyii species-group. Papéis Avulsos de Zoologia (São Paulo). 44:55-80. DOI: [http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/S0031-10492004000400001 10.1590/S0031-10492004000400001] (page 75, figs. 7a-c worker, queen (ergatomorph) descrided)<br />
*Albuquerque, N. L. d. and C. R. F. Brandão. 2009. A revision of the Neotropical Solenopsidini ant genus Oxyepoecus Santschi, 1926 (Hymenoptera: Formicidae: Myrmicinae): 2. Final. Key for species and revision of the Rastratus species-group. Papéis Avulsos de Zoologia (São Paulo). 49:289-309.<br />
*[[Media:de Albuquerque, N.L., Brandao, C.R.F. 2004. A revision of the Neotropical Solenopsidini ant genus Oxyepoecus. 1. The Vezenyii species-group (10.1590@S0031-10492004000400001).pdf|Albuquerque, N.L.d., Brandão, C.R.F. 2004. A revision of the Neotropical Solenopsidini ant genus ''Oxyepoecus'' Santschi, 1926 (Hymenoptera: Formicidae: Myrmicinae). 1. The ''Vezenyii'' species-group. Papéis Avulsos de Zoologia (São Paulo). 44: 55-80]] ({{doi|10.1590/S0031-10492004000400001}}).<br />
*Delsinne, T., W. Mackay, A. Wild, Y. Roisin, and M. Leponce. 2012. Distribution and Diversity of the Cryptic Ant Genus Oxyepoecus (Hymenoptera: Formicidae: Myrmicinae) in Paraguay with Descriptions of Two New Species. Psyche. 2012. [http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/594302 DOI:10.1155/2012/594302]<br />
*Ettershank, G. 1966. A generic revision of the world Myrmicinae related to Solenopsis and Pheidologeton (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). Aust. J. Zool. 14: 73-171 (page 146, Combination in Oxyepoecus)<br />
*Forel, A. 1907d. Formicides du Musée National Hongrois. Ann. Hist.-Nat. Mus. Natl. Hung. 5: 1-42 (page 20, worker described)<br />
*Kempf, W. W. 1969. Miscellaneous studies on Neotropical ants. V. (Hymenoptera, Formicidae). Stud. Entomol. 12: 273-296 (page 277, queen described)<br />
*Kempf, W. W. 1974b. A review of the Neotropical ant genus Oxyepoecus Santschi (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). Stud. Entomol. 17: 471-512 (page 505, see also)<br />
*Kusnezov, N. 1952k [1951]. Acerca de las hormigas simbióticas del género Martia Forel (Hymenoptera, Formicidae). Acta Zool. Lilloana 10: 717-722 (page 722, Combination in Martia)<br />
*[[Media:Ulysséa, M.A., Brandão, C.R.F. 2013. Ant species from the seasonally dry tropical forest of northeastern Brazil (10.1590@S0085-56262013005000002).pdf|Ulysséa, M.A., Brandão, C.R.F. 2013. Ant species (Hymenoptera, Formicidae) from the seasonally dry tropical forest of northeastern Brazil: a compilation from field surveys in Bahia and literature records. Revista Brasileira de Entomologia 57, 217–224]] ({{doi|10.1590/s0085-56262013005000002}}).<br />
<br />
==References based on [https://benoitguenard.wordpress.com/gabi-articles/ Global Ant Biodiversity Informatics]==<br />
*Albuquerque N. L. and Brandão, C. R. F. 2004. A revision of the Neotropical Solenopsidini ant genus Oxyepoecus Santschi, 1926 (Hymenoptera: Formicidae: Myrmicinae). 1. The Vezenyii species-group. Papeis Avulsos de Zoologia (São Paulo) 44: 55-80.<br />
*Albuquerque, N.L. and C.R.F. Brandao. 2009. A revision of the Neotropical Solenopsidini ant genus Oxyepoecus Santschi, 1926 (Hymenoptera: Formicidae: Myrmicinae): 2. Final. Key for species and revision of the Rastratus species-group. Papéis Avulsos de Zoologia (São Paulo) 49(23): 289-309.<br />
*Favretto M. A., E. Bortolon dos Santos, and C. J. Geuster. 2013. Entomofauna from West of Santa Catarina State, South of Brazil. EntomoBrasilis 6 (1): 42-63.<br />
*Fernández, F. and S. Sendoya. 2004. Lista de las hormigas neotropicales. Biota Colombiana Volume 5, Number 1.<br />
*Forel A. 1907. Formicides du Musée National Hongrois. Ann. Hist.-Nat. Mus. Natl. Hung. 5: 1-42.<br />
*Kempf W. W. 1969. Miscellaneous studies on Neotropical ants. V. (Hymenoptera, Formicidae). Studia Entomologica 12: 273-296.<br />
*Kempf W. W. 1974. A review of the Neotropical ant genus Oxyepoecus Santschi (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). Studia Entomologica 17: 471-512.<br />
*Kempf, W.W. 1972. Catalago abreviado das formigas da regiao Neotropical (Hym. Formicidae) Studia Entomologica 15(1-4).<br />
*Kusnezov N. 1952. Acerca de las hormigas simbióticas del género Martia Forel (Hymenoptera, Formicidae). Acta Zoologica Lilloana 10: 717-722.<br />
*Lapola D. M., and H. G. Fowler. 2008. Questioning the implementation of habitat corridors: a case study in interior São Paulo using ants as bioindicators. Braz. J. Biol., 68(1): 11-20.<br />
*Pires de Prado L., R. M. Feitosa, S. Pinzon Triana, J. A. Munoz Gutierrez, G. X. Rousseau, R. Alves Silva, G. M. Siqueira, C. L. Caldas dos Santos, F. Veras Silva, T. Sanches Ranzani da Silva, A. Casadei-Ferreira, R. Rosa da Silva, and J. Andrade-Silva. 2019. An overview of the ant fauna (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) of the state of Maranhao, Brazil. Pap. Avulsos Zool. 59: e20195938.<br />
*Rosa da Silva R. 1999. Formigas (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) do oeste de Santa Catarina: historico das coletas e lista atualizada das especies do Estado de Santa Catarina. Biotemas 12(2): 75-100.<br />
*Silva F. H. O., J. H. C. Delabie, G. B. dos Santos, E. Meurer, and M. I. Marques. 2013. Mini-Winkler Extractor and Pitfall Trap as Complementary Methods to Sample Formicidae. Neotrop Entomol 42: 351358.<br />
*Silva R.R., and C. R. F. Brandao. 2014. Ecosystem-Wide Morphological Structure of Leaf-Litter Ant Communities along a Tropical Latitudinal Gradient. PLoSONE 9(3): e93049. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0093049<br />
*Suguituru S. S., M. Santina de Castro Morini, R. M. Feitosa, and R. Rosa da Silva. 2015. Formigas do Alto Tiete. Canal 6 Editora 458 pages<br />
*Suguituru S. S., R. Rosa Silva, D. R. de Souza, C. de Bortoli Munhae, and M. Santina de Castro Morini. Ant community richness and composition across a gradient from Eucalyptus plantations to secondary Atlantic Forest. Biota Neotrop. 11(1): 369-376.<br />
*Ulyssea M. A., and C. R. F. Brandao. 2012. A new ant species of Oxyepoecus (Hymenoptera: Formicida: Myrmicinae), with the description of Oxyepoecus browni gyne and new records for the genus. Papeis Avulsos de Zoologia 52(14): 167-173.<br />
*Ulyssea M. A., and C. R. F. Brandao. 2013. Ant species (Hymenoptera, Formicidae) from the seasonally dry tropical forest of northeastern Brazil: a compilation from field surveys in Bahia and literature records. Revista Brasileira de Entomologia 57(2): 217224.<br />
*Ulysséa M. A., C. R. F. Brandão. 2013. Ant species (Hymenoptera, Formicidae) from the seasonally dry tropical forest of northeastern Brazil: a compilation from field surveys in Bahia and literature records. Revista Brasileira de Entomologia 57(2): 217-224.<br />
*Wild, A. L. "A catalogue of the ants of Paraguay (Hymenoptera: Formicidae)." Zootaxa 1622 (2007): 1-55.<br />
<br />
[[category:Species]]<br />
[[category:Extant species]]<br />
[[category:Formicidae]][[category:Myrmicinae]][[category:Solenopsidini]][[category:Oxyepoecus]][[category:Oxyepoecus vezenyii]]<br />
[[category:Myrmicinae species]][[category:Solenopsidini species]][[category:Oxyepoecus species|vezenyii]]<br />
[[category:Ssr]]</div>SShattuckhttps://antwiki.org/wiki/index.php?title=Oxyepoecus_quadratus&diff=709198Oxyepoecus quadratus2024-03-27T05:00:30Z<p>SShattuck: Add reference from PDF.</p>
<hr />
<div>{{Italic title}}<br />
{{Taxobox<br />
|name = ''Oxyepoecus quadratus''<br />
|image = AB Oxyepoecus quadratus.jpg<br />
|image_width = {{width}}<br />
|regnum = [[Animal]]ia<br />
|phylum = [[Arthropod]]a<br />
|classis = [[Insect]]a<br />
|ordo = [[Hymenoptera]]<br />
|familia = [[Formicidae]]<br />
|subfamilia = [[Myrmicinae]]<br />
|tribus = [[Solenopsidini]]<br />
|genus = ''[[Oxyepoecus]]''<br />
|species = '''''O. quadratus'''''<br />
|binomial = ''Oxyepoecus quadratus''<br />
|binomial_authority = Albuquerque & Brandão, 2004<br />
}}<br />
<br />
The distribution of ''O. quadratus'' is represented by two localities in western Amazonian region, in Peru and Ecuador.<br />
<br />
==Identification==<br />
Albuquerque and Brandao (2004) - The exclusive character of the workers of ''O. quadratus'' is the subquadrate petiolar node (p.v.), but also the distribution of marked costulae on head and mesosoma are important. <br />
<br />
{{Species identification keys}}<br />
<br />
==Distribution==<br />
{{Latitudinal Distribution<br />
|north_latitude_limit=-0.0167<br />
|south_latitude_limit=-9.616666667<br />
|north_temperate=<br />
|north_subtropical=<br />
|tropical=yes<br />
|south_subtropical=<br />
|south_temperate=<br />
|source =[https://antmaps.org AntMaps]<br />
|notes =<br />
}}<br />
<!--DO NOT EDIT THIS TEXT. To update this list add or remove taxa from individual regional taxon list pages.--><br />
===Distribution based on [[:Category:Regional Taxon List|Regional Taxon Lists]]===<br />
'''[[:Category:Neotropical Region|Neotropical Region]]''': [[Brazil]] {{SmallFont|([[type locality]])}}, [[Ecuador]].<br /><br />
<!--END OF DISTRIBUTION LIST--><br />
{{AntMapsMap}}<br />
{{Countries Occupied|count=2}}<br />
{{Estimated Abundance|count=10}}<br />
<br />
==Biology==<br />
{{Explore|title=Overview of ''Oxyepoecus'' biology|text={{Overview/Oxyepoecus}} }}<br />
<br />
==Castes==<br />
<br />
==Nomenclature==<br />
{{Nomenclature}}<br />
*''<span style='color:red;font-weight:bold;'>quadratus.</span> Oxyepoecus quadratus'' Albuquerque & Brandão, 2004: 73, figs. 6a-c (w.) BRAZIL.<br />
{{nomenplus}}<br />
<br />
===Description===<br />
====Worker====<br />
Holotype and paratype within brackets t.l.= 2.32 (2.37); h.l.= 0.45 (0.46); h.w.= 0.46 (0.47); s.l.= 0.32 (0.36); m.l.e.= 0.09 (0.12); m.w.pr.= 0.32 (0.36); a.l.= 0.63 (0.68); h.f.l.= 0.38 (0.40); m.w.p.= 0.20 (0.24); m.w.pp.= 0. 23 (0.26); c.i. 97 (96). Color chestnut brown; mandibles, antennae, legs yellowish; and gaster fuscus, almost black. Integument smooth and shining, with the following exceptions: frontal carinae longitudinally costulate, prolonged posteriorly, reaching the level of the superior orbit of the compound eyes; genae with well marked longitudinal rugae that reach superiorly the inferior orbit of compound eyes and inferiorly the mandibular insertion; postero-lateral limit of disc of the pronotum, sides and anterior third of mesonotum, and metapleuron with longitudinal well marked costulae, of which one is prolonged posteriorly and curved over the bulla of the metapleural gland region, but specially on disc of pronotum and anterior third of mesonotum the costulae can be less marked; dorsal face of the propodeum with some well marked and curved costulae, 7-10 well formed, with ends over the sides of the propodeum; declivous face with two well formed costulae, the superior reaching the costulae of metapleuron and communicating with them; sides of the petiole with costulae in different orientations, but generally the penducle has many longitudinal costulae and the node has many transverse; posterior and dorsal surfaces of postpetiole with several small but well formed costulae. Hairs abundant, decumbent on cephalic disc, the majority turned to head median stripe; on cephalic border long, suberect without a regular orientation; long, suberect and relatively curved on pronotum, mesonotum with some long and erect; and metapleuron dorsum scarcely hairy, petiole node with some suberect and subdecumbent hairs; there are some decumbent on the postpetiole. <br />
<br />
Head. Mandibles elongated, with a broad and relatively shallow diastema between the basal and subbasal tooth, also between the subbasal tooth and the other teeth. Anterior teeth of clypeus with small, blunt and lobe-like lateral denticles. Frontal carinae relatively short, subparallel, with a posterior moderate divergence and with a small constriction posteriorly, reaching the level of the straight line that passes through the inferior orbit of the compound eyes, the maximum width between their outer edges less than one third of the head width. Compound eyes small, with about 5-7 facets r.g.d.; total number of ommatidia about 16-18. Antennal scape failing to reach the occipital corner by a distance approximately equal to the maximum thickness of the scape. Funicular segment I as long as II-VI combined, segments II-VII distinctly broader than long, VIII and IX as long as broad.<br />
<br />
Mesosoma. Promesonotum convex, marginate in front and laterally; shoulders marked, but without a defined angle. Metanotal groove not at all impressed (p.v.). Dorsal face of the propodeum posteriorly with two acute and prominent spines. Declivous face laterally marginate and weakly carinate. Propodeal lobes irregularly rounded.<br />
<br />
Petiole node high and subquadrate at superior face (p.v.), antero-posteriorly compressed in a scale-like fashion, almost as broad as postpetiole; subpetiolar process as a sagital and undulate keel anteriorly ending in a prominent plate-shaped tooth. The postpetiole very broad, in a scalelike fashion, the level of the superior face lower than the petiole node is high; subpostpetiolar process small, almost imperceptible, extremely shallow.<br />
<br />
===Type Material===<br />
Holotype worker, Ecuador: Cuyabeno [0°16’S, 75°53’W], 27.i.1994, J.P. Caldwell [col.], deposited in {{MZSP}}. Paratype: worker. Peru: Panguana: Huanaca [9°37’S, 74°56’W], 26.xi.1983, M. Verhaagh [col.], deposited in MZSP.<br />
<br />
===Etymology===<br />
From the shape of the superior face of the petiolar node clearly subquadrate.<br />
<!--Un-comment this template when adding type specimen data<br />
===Type Material===<br />
*{{TypeSpecimen<br />
|publishedname=<br />
|status=<br />
|statuspublication=<br />
|material=<br />
|locality=<br />
|country=Brazil<br />
|coordinates={{Inline coordinates|||0|NS|||0|EW}} COMMENT OUT IF UNKNOWN<br />
|collector=<br />
|collectiondate=<br />
|specimenidentifier=<br />
|institution=<br />
|notes=<br />
}}<br />
--><br />
<br />
==References==<br />
*Albuquerque, N. L. d. and C. R. F. Brandão. 2004. A revision of the Neotropical Solenopsidini ant genus Oxyepoecus Santschi, 1926 (Hymenoptera: Formicidae: Myrmicinae). 1. The Vezenyii species-group. Papéis Avulsos de Zoologia (São Paulo). 44:55-80. DOI: [http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/S0031-10492004000400001 10.1590/S0031-10492004000400001]<br />
*Albuquerque, N. L. d. and C. R. F. Brandão. 2009. A revision of the Neotropical Solenopsidini ant genus Oxyepoecus Santschi, 1926 (Hymenoptera: Formicidae: Myrmicinae): 2. Final. Key for species and revision of the Rastratus species-group. Papéis Avulsos de Zoologia (São Paulo). 49:289-309.<br />
*[[Media:de Albuquerque, N.L., Brandao, C.R.F. 2004. A revision of the Neotropical Solenopsidini ant genus Oxyepoecus. 1. The Vezenyii species-group (10.1590@S0031-10492004000400001).pdf|Albuquerque, N.L.d., Brandão, C.R.F. 2004. A revision of the Neotropical Solenopsidini ant genus ''Oxyepoecus'' Santschi, 1926 (Hymenoptera: Formicidae: Myrmicinae). 1. The ''Vezenyii'' species-group. Papéis Avulsos de Zoologia (São Paulo). 44: 55-80]] ({{doi|10.1590/S0031-10492004000400001}}).<br />
<br />
==References based on [https://benoitguenard.wordpress.com/gabi-articles/ Global Ant Biodiversity Informatics]==<br />
*Albuquerque N. L. and Brandão, C. R. F. 2004. A revision of the Neotropical Solenopsidini ant genus Oxyepoecus Santschi, 1926 (Hymenoptera: Formicidae: Myrmicinae). 1. The Vezenyii species-group. Papeis Avulsos de Zoologia (São Paulo) 44: 55-80.<br />
*Fernández, F. and S. Sendoya. 2004. Lista de las hormigas neotropicales. Biota Colombiana Volume 5, Number 1.<br />
*Ulyssea M. A., C. R. F. Brandao. 2013. Catalogue of Dacetini and Solenopsidini ant type specimens (Hymenoptera, Formicidae, Myrmicinae) deposited in the Museu de Zoologia da Universidade de Sao Paulo, Brazil. Papies Avulsos de Zoologia 53(14): 187-209.<br />
<br />
[[category:Species]]<br />
[[category:Extant species]]<br />
[[category:Formicidae]][[category:Myrmicinae]][[category:Solenopsidini]][[category:Oxyepoecus]][[category:Oxyepoecus quadratus]]<br />
[[category:Myrmicinae species]][[category:Solenopsidini species]][[category:Oxyepoecus species|quadratus]]<br />
[[Category:Ssr]]</div>SShattuckhttps://antwiki.org/wiki/index.php?title=Oxyepoecus_punctifrons&diff=709197Oxyepoecus punctifrons2024-03-27T05:00:04Z<p>SShattuck: Add reference from PDF.</p>
<hr />
<div>{{Italic title}}<br />
{{Taxobox<br />
|name = ''Oxyepoecus punctifrons''<br />
|image = Oxyepoecus_punctifrons__casent0911211_h_1_high.jpg<br />
|image_width = {{width}}<br />
|regnum = [[Animal]]ia<br />
|phylum = [[Arthropod]]a<br />
|classis = [[Insect]]a<br />
|ordo = [[Hymenoptera]]<br />
|familia = [[Formicidae]]<br />
|subfamilia = [[Myrmicinae]]<br />
|tribus = [[Solenopsidini]]<br />
|genus = ''[[Oxyepoecus]]''<br />
|species = '''''O. punctifrons'''''<br />
|binomial = ''Oxyepoecus punctifrons''<br />
|binomial_authority = (Borgmeier, 1927)<br />
----<br />
[[File:Oxyepoecus_punctifrons__casent0911211_p_1_high.jpg|{{width}}]]<br />
<br />
[[File:Oxyepoecus_punctifrons__casent0911211_d_1_high.jpg|{{width}}]]<br />
<br />
[[:File:Oxyepoecus_punctifrons__casent0911211_l_1_high.jpg|Specimen Labels]]<br />
<br />
}}<br />
<br />
One of the few ''Oxyepoecus'' that has been collected from a nest that is not associated with another ant species.<br />
<br />
==Identification==<br />
Kempf (1974) - As regards mandibular shape, i. e. the basal tooth stout and separated from the remaining teeth by a deep cleft, ''punctifrons'' resembles ''[[Oxyepoecus mandibularis]]'', which differs in having the entire cephalic and thoracic dorsum sculptured and opaque. The predominantly smooth and shining integument and the large eyes remind of ''[[Oxyepoecus inquilinus]]'', the latter having, however, long, subfalcate mandibles, more sharply denticulate clypeus, a heavier, thick-set thorax, a well developed propodeal armature with prominent spines, strongly antero-posteriorly compressed and laterally expanded petiolar node, and the posterior surface of postpetiole heavily transversely costulate. <br />
<br />
Finally, ''punctifrons'' diverges from ''[[Oxyepoecus crassinodus]]'' by lighter color, larger eyes, longer scape, the only shallowly impressed metanotal groove, the weak to often obsolete sculpture on sides of thorax and basal face of propodeum, the lack of transverse costulae on posterior surface of postpetiole.<br />
<br />
{{Species identification keys}}<br />
<br />
==Distribution==<br />
Known from several localities within southeast and south Brazil, all in the “Mata Atlântica” Domain (Albuquerque and Brandão 2004).<br />
<br />
{{Latitudinal Distribution<br />
|north_latitude_limit=-20.753<br />
|south_latitude_limit=-29.579<br />
|north_temperate=<br />
|north_subtropical=<br />
|tropical=yes<br />
|south_subtropical=yes<br />
|south_temperate=<br />
|source =[https://antmaps.org AntMaps]<br />
|notes =<br />
}}<br />
<!--DO NOT EDIT THIS TEXT. To update this list add or remove taxa from individual regional taxon list pages.--><br />
===Distribution based on [[:Category:Regional Taxon List|Regional Taxon Lists]]===<br />
'''[[:Category:Neotropical Region|Neotropical Region]]''': [[Brazil]] {{SmallFont|([[type locality]])}}.<br /><br />
<!--END OF DISTRIBUTION LIST--><br />
{{AntMapsMap}}<br />
{{Countries Occupied|count=1}}<br />
{{Estimated Abundance|count=71}}<br />
<br />
==Biology==<br />
While scant, the biological information about this species has been helpful in revealing that species within the genus, as noted below, can exist in their own nests.<br />
<br />
Known ''O. punctifrons'' specimens were collected mainly in the leaf litter, however two workers and one gyne were founded interestingly in the canopy of an “Angico” tree ''Anandenanthera'' (Leguminosae) (Albuquerque and Brandão 2004).<br />
{{Explore|title=Overview of ''Oxyepoecus'' biology|text={{Overview/Oxyepoecus}} }}<br />
<br />
==Castes==<br />
<br />
Males have not been collected.<br />
<br />
==Nomenclature==<br />
{{Nomenclature}}<br />
*''<span style='color:red;font-weight:bold;'>punctifrons.</span> Monomorium punctifrons'' Borgmeier, 1927b: 63 (w.) BRAZIL. [Also described as new by Borgmeier, 1928a: 39.] Wheeler, G.C. & Wheeler, J. 1977: 586 (l.). Albuquerque & Brandão, 2004: 71 (q.). Combination in ''Martia'': Kusnezov, 1952h: 722; in ''Oxyepoecus'': Ettershank, 1966: 146. See also: Kempf, 1974b: 495.<br />
<br />
<!--Un-comment this template when adding type specimen data<br />
===Type Material===<br />
*{{TypeSpecimen<br />
|publishedname=<br />
|status=<br />
|statuspublication=<br />
|material=<br />
|locality=<br />
|country=Brazil<br />
|coordinates={{Inline coordinates|||0|NS|||0|EW}} COMMENT OUT IF UNKNOWN<br />
|collector=<br />
|collectiondate=<br />
|specimenidentifier=<br />
|institution=<br />
|notes=<br />
}}<br />
--><br />
{{nomenplus}}<br />
<br />
===Description===<br />
====Worker==== <br />
[[File:Kempf 1974 oxyepoecus fig. 1-10.jpg|250px|border|right]] Kempf (1974) - (lectotype). Total length 3.2 (2.7-3.4) mm; head length 0.73 (0.64-0.79) mm; head width 0.59 (0.49-0.67) mm; scape length 0.53 (0.48-0.57) mm; maximum diameter of eyes 0.14 (0.11-0.15) mm; Weber's length of thorax 0.89 (0.77-0.98) mm; maximum width of pronotum 0.40 (0.36-0.47) mm; hind femur length 0.63 (0.55-0.68) mm; petiole width 0.20 (0.16-0.21) mm; postpetiole width 0.27 (0.23-0:32) mm; cephalic index 80 (77-85). Color reddish yellow. Integument smooth and shining with the following exceptions: frontal carinae laterad of posteromedian extension of clypeus finally costulate, the costulae not extending posteriorly beyond the frontal carinae; cheeks finely costulate, the costulae not attaining the anterior border of the eyes; mesopleura and inferior half of metapleura finely and superficially horizontally costulate; basal face of propodeum superficially, nearly indistinctly, transversely costulate. Piligerous punctures quite conspicuous on dorsum of head. Hairs abundant, long standing hairs on dorsum of head, thorax, petiole, postpetiole and on gaster; shorter, inclined hairs interspersed with the long hairs principally on head and on gaster; short, oblique hairs on sides of head, on antennae and legs. <br />
<br />
Head. Mandibles subtriangular, the basal border as long as chewing border; basal tooth stout, separated from the subbasal tooth by a deep cleft. Antero-median apron of clypeus protruding, laterally carinate, the carinae diverging cephalad, terminating in front in a short, relatively little projecting tooth which is flanked laterally by a minute, obtuse, lobelike denticle. Frontal area impressed, smooth and shining, well delimited from clypeus. Frontal carinae little expanded laterad, short, terminating at level of anterior orbit of eyes, the distance between the subparallel outer edges subequal to one fourth of the maximum head width. Eyes relatively large, moderately convex, their distance from the mandibular insertion equal to thejr greatest diameter which has approximately 11 facets in a row, the total number being about 50 ommatidia in all. Antennal scapes relatively long, their apex attaining the occipital corner when laid back-over the head as much as possible. Funicular segment I longer than VIII and IX taken individually, as long as II-IV combined, segment II as long as broad, segment III-VII nearly as long as broad, segments VIII and IX slightly longer than broad. <br />
<br />
[[File:Kempf 1974 Oxyepoecus fig 11-22.jpg|250px|border|left]] Thorax. Shoulders absolutely rounded, not marked, dorsum of pronotum not marginate on sides, promesonotal suture absent. Metanotal groove slightly impressed in profile, metanotal suture present. Basal face of propodeum about twice as long as broad, laterally immarginate, posterior corner with a small, not prominent, rectangular tooth; sides of declivous face submarginate, not carinate. The costulae and striae on metapleura extend over the distinct bulla of the metasternal gland. <br />
<br />
Petiole and postpetiole. Petiole briefly pedunculate, club-shaped in dorsal view, the node proper not compressed antero-posteriorly nor laterally expanded, anterior surface of node strictly oblique in profile. Subpetiolar carina sharp, terminating in front in a small tooth. Postpetiole likewise scarcely compressed antero-posteriorly and little expanded laterad, the lateral projections short, blunt and bulky, the posterior surface nearly devoid of transverse costulae or rugae, except for one or two vestigial ones just above the articular collar. Gaster scarcely excised in front. <br />
<br />
Variation. The divergence in size is noticeable as borne out by the measurements of the type series already given above. The additional specimens keep themselves more or less within the same limits, as shown by the range of the following measurements: head length 0.60-0.81 mm; head width 0.48-0.67 mm; scape length 0.44-0.55 mm; thorax length 0.76-0.96 mm; hind femur length 0.49-0.63 mm. <br />
<br />
The development of the propodeal armature varies from merely obtuse or feebly tuberculate propodeal corners (smaller specimens) to neatly denticulate ones (larger specimens). The longitudinal costulae inside of the frontal carinae are quite constant with the exception of the Campos do Jordão (São Paulo State) specimens, which have them extended further back, in the fashion of crassinodus. The sculpture on the sides of thorax may be nearly absent (especially on mesopleura), or as in the description, or even stronger, as in the Campos do Jordão series. The same applies to the transverse costulae on basal face of propodeum, which vary between sharply expressed and nearly absent, the condition being to some extent dependent on overall size.<br />
<br />
====Queen====<br />
Albuquerque and Brandao (2004) - (ergatomorphic): t.l.= 3.32; h.l.= 0.67; h.w.= 0.55; s.l.= 0.55; m.l.e.= 0.15; m.w.pr.= 0.50; a.l.= 0.95; h.f.l.= 0.46; m.w.p.= 0.18; m.w.pp.= 0.35; c.i. 82. Resembling worker, with the head similar except for the presence of minute occelli, their diameter less than the minimum thickness of the antennal scape. Compound eyes almost equal to the worker, somewhat convex, with some 13 facets r.g.d., total number of ommatidia circa 60. Antennal segments (scape and funiculus) equal to the workers. Mesosoma with blunt marked shoulders; pronotum smooth and shining. Mesonotum (scutum and scutellum) relatively large, 2/3 of the mesosoma; scutum smooth and shining with some piligerous punctulae; scutellum entirely smooth. Mesopleuron with the anepisternum and katepisternum separated by a shallow groove, both with some very fine, almost imperceptible and oblique costulae. Dorsal face of the propodeum transversely costate, with 13-15 fine costulae, which continue downwards and obliquely forwards on the sides. Propodeal teeth short and blunt. Petiole not much compressed, almost club shaped, the subpetiolar process straight, ending anteriorly as a blunt and small denticle. Postpetiole twice broader than the petiole node, subpostpetiolar process somewhat developed as two small and transverse crests.<br />
<br />
===Type Material===<br />
Kempf (1974) - 64 workers from the same colony, taken by the late Father Miguel Witte, O.F.M., at Rio Negro, Paraná State, Brazil, in April 1925 (TB n. 424, lectotype and paratypes). <br />
<br />
==References==<br />
*Albuquerque, N. L. d. and C. R. F. Brandão. 2004. A revision of the Neotropical Solenopsidini ant genus Oxyepoecus Santschi, 1926 (Hymenoptera: Formicidae: Myrmicinae). 1. The Vezenyii species-group. Papéis Avulsos de Zoologia (São Paulo). 44:55-80. DOI: [http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/S0031-10492004000400001 10.1590/S0031-10492004000400001] (page 71, worker, queen (ergatomorph) described)<br />
*Albuquerque, N. L. d. and C. R. F. Brandão. 2009. A revision of the Neotropical Solenopsidini ant genus Oxyepoecus Santschi, 1926 (Hymenoptera: Formicidae: Myrmicinae): 2. Final. Key for species and revision of the Rastratus species-group. Papéis Avulsos de Zoologia (São Paulo). 49:289-309.<br />
*[[Media:de Albuquerque, N.L., Brandao, C.R.F. 2004. A revision of the Neotropical Solenopsidini ant genus Oxyepoecus. 1. The Vezenyii species-group (10.1590@S0031-10492004000400001).pdf|Albuquerque, N.L.d., Brandão, C.R.F. 2004. A revision of the Neotropical Solenopsidini ant genus ''Oxyepoecus'' Santschi, 1926 (Hymenoptera: Formicidae: Myrmicinae). 1. The ''Vezenyii'' species-group. Papéis Avulsos de Zoologia (São Paulo). 44: 55-80]] ({{doi|10.1590/S0031-10492004000400001}}).<br />
*[[Media:Borgmeier 1927b.pdf|Borgmeier, T. 1927b. Algumas novas formigas brasileiras. Arch. Mus. Nac. (Rio J.) 29: 57-65.]] (page 63, worker described)<br />
*Ettershank, G. 1966. A generic revision of the world Myrmicinae related to Solenopsis and Pheidologeton (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). Aust. J. Zool. 14: 73-171 (page 146, Combination in Oxyepoecus)<br />
*Kempf, W. W. 1974b. A review of the Neotropical ant genus Oxyepoecus Santschi (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). Stud. Entomol. 17: 471-512 (page 495, see also)<br />
*Kusnezov, N. 1952k [1951]. Acerca de las hormigas simbióticas del género Martia Forel (Hymenoptera, Formicidae). Acta Zool. Lilloana 10: 717-722 (page 722, Combination in Martia)<br />
*Wheeler, G. C.; Wheeler, J. 1977a. Supplementary studies on ant larvae: Myrmicinae. Trans. Am. Entomol. Soc. 103: 581-602 (page 586, larva described)<br />
<br />
==References based on [https://benoitguenard.wordpress.com/gabi-articles/ Global Ant Biodiversity Informatics]==<br />
*Albuquerque N. L. and Brandão, C. R. F. 2004. A revision of the Neotropical Solenopsidini ant genus Oxyepoecus Santschi, 1926 (Hymenoptera: Formicidae: Myrmicinae). 1. The Vezenyii species-group. Papeis Avulsos de Zoologia (São Paulo) 44: 55-80.<br />
*Albuquerque, N.L. and C.R.F. Brandao. 2009. A revision of the Neotropical Solenopsidini ant genus Oxyepoecus Santschi, 1926 (Hymenoptera: Formicidae: Myrmicinae): 2. Final. Key for species and revision of the Rastratus species-group. Papéis Avulsos de Zoologia (São Paulo) 49(23): 289-309.<br />
*Brandao, C.R.F. 1991. Adendos ao catalogo abreviado das formigas da regiao neotropical (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). Rev. Bras. Entomol. 35: 319-412.<br />
*Favretto M. A., E. Bortolon dos Santos, and C. J. Geuster. 2013. Entomofauna from West of Santa Catarina State, South of Brazil. EntomoBrasilis 6 (1): 42-63.<br />
*Fernandes T. T., W. Dattilo, R. R. Silva, P. Luna, C. M. Oliveira, and M. Santina de Castro Morini. 2019. Ant occupation of twigs in the leaf litter of the Atlantic Forest: influence of the environment and external twig structure. Tropical Conservation Science 12: 1-9.<br />
*Kempf W. W. 1974. A review of the Neotropical ant genus Oxyepoecus Santschi (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). Studia Entomologica 17: 471-512.<br />
*Kempf W. W. 1978. A preliminary zoogeographical analysis of a regional ant fauna in Latin America. 114. Studia Entomologica 20: 43-62.<br />
*Kempf, W.W. 1972. Catalago abreviado das formigas da regiao Neotropical (Hym. Formicidae) Studia Entomologica 15(1-4).<br />
*Rosa da Silva R. 1999. Formigas (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) do oeste de Santa Catarina: historico das coletas e lista atualizada das especies do Estado de Santa Catarina. Biotemas 12(2): 75-100.<br />
*Silva R.R., and C. R. F. Brandao. 2014. Ecosystem-Wide Morphological Structure of Leaf-Litter Ant Communities along a Tropical Latitudinal Gradient. PLoSONE 9(3): e93049. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0093049<br />
*Ulyssea M.A., C. E. Cereto, F. B. Rosumek, R. R. Silva, and B. C. Lopes. 2011. Updated list of ant species (Hymenoptera, Formicidae) recorded in Santa Catarina State, southern Brazil, with a discussion of research advances and priorities. Revista Brasileira de Entomologia 55(4): 603-611.<br />
*da Silva, R.R. and R. Silvestre. 2004. Riqueza da fauna de formigas (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) que habita as camadas superficiais do solo em Seara, Santa Catarina. Papéis Avulsos de Zoologia (São Paulo) 44(1): 1-11<br />
<br />
[[category:Species]]<br />
[[category:Extant species]]<br />
[[category:Formicidae]][[category:Myrmicinae]][[category:Solenopsidini]][[category:Oxyepoecus]][[category:Oxyepoecus punctifrons]]<br />
[[category:Myrmicinae species]][[category:Solenopsidini species]][[category:Oxyepoecus species|punctifrons]]<br />
[[Category:Ssr]]</div>SShattuckhttps://antwiki.org/wiki/index.php?title=Oxyepoecus_longicephalus&diff=709196Oxyepoecus longicephalus2024-03-27T04:59:49Z<p>SShattuck: Add reference from PDF.</p>
<hr />
<div>{{Italic title}}<br />
{{Taxobox<br />
|name = ''Oxyepoecus longicephalus''<br />
|image = AB Oxyepoecus longicephalus.jpg<br />
|image_width = {{width}}<br />
|regnum = [[Animal]]ia<br />
|phylum = [[Arthropod]]a<br />
|classis = [[Insect]]a<br />
|ordo = [[Hymenoptera]]<br />
|familia = [[Formicidae]]<br />
|subfamilia = [[Myrmicinae]]<br />
|tribus = [[Solenopsidini]]<br />
|genus = ''[[Oxyepoecus]]''<br />
|species = '''''O. longicephalus'''''<br />
|binomial = ''Oxyepoecus longicephalus''<br />
|binomial_authority = Albuquerque & Brandão, 2004<br />
}}<br />
<br />
''O. longicephalus'' was recorded in only one locality at south Brazil, and one at southern Brasil, geographically separated.<br />
<br />
==Identification==<br />
Albuquerque and Brandao (2004) - The exclusive character of the workers of ''O. longicephalus'' is mainly the proportion between the head length and head width (very elongate, low c.i.); also the irregularly reticulate sculpture over the body (visible only at magnifications over 80 X). <br />
<br />
{{Species identification keys}}<br />
<br />
==Distribution==<br />
{{Latitudinal Distribution<br />
|north_latitude_limit=-23.25<br />
|south_latitude_limit=-29.5<br />
|north_temperate=<br />
|north_subtropical=<br />
|tropical=yes<br />
|south_subtropical=yes<br />
|south_temperate=<br />
|source =[https://antmaps.org AntMaps]<br />
|notes =<br />
}}<br />
<!--DO NOT EDIT THIS TEXT. To update this list add or remove taxa from individual regional taxon list pages.--><br />
===Distribution based on [[:Category:Regional Taxon List|Regional Taxon Lists]]===<br />
'''[[:Category:Neotropical Region|Neotropical Region]]''': [[Brazil]] {{SmallFont|([[type locality]])}}.<br /><br />
<!--END OF DISTRIBUTION LIST--><br />
{{AntMapsMap}}<br />
{{Countries Occupied|count=1}}<br />
{{Estimated Abundance|count=13}}<br />
<br />
==Biology==<br />
{{Explore|title=Overview of ''Oxyepoecus'' biology|text={{Overview/Oxyepoecus}} }}<br />
<br />
==Castes==<br />
Known only from the worker caste.<br />
<br />
==Nomenclature==<br />
{{Nomenclature}}<br />
*''<span style='color:red;font-weight:bold;'>longicephalus.</span> Oxyepoecus longicephalus'' Albuquerque & Brandão, 2004: 69, figs. 4a-c (w.) BRAZIL.<br />
{{nomenplus}}<br />
<br />
===Description===<br />
====Worker====<br />
Holotype and paratype within brackets t.l.= 3.00 (3.06); h.l.= 0.72 (0.72); h.w.= 0.48 (0.50); s.l.= 0.42 (0.46); m.l.e.= 0.08 (0.12); m.w.pr.= 0.42 (0.45); a.l.= 0.84 (0.84); h.f.l.= 0.41 (0.45); m.w.p.= 0.18 (0.22); m.w.pp.= 0. 30 (0. 30); c.i. 66 (69). Color chestnut brown to dark brown. Integument smooth and shining, with the following exceptions: frontal carinae longitudinally costulate, prolonged posteriorly, surpassing the level of the superior orbit of the compound eyes; genae with well marked longitudinal rugae that do not reach superiorly the inferior orbit of compound eyes but reach inferiorly the mandibular insertion; pronotum with some irregular and superficial rugae; the neck, the mesopleuron (anepisternum and katepisternum), the metapleuron and the propodeum almost entirely covered by irregularly reticulate sculpture, except around the propodeal spiracle, which is smooth; the inferior region of the metapleuron with two longitudinal and well marked costulae that prolong over the metapleural gland bulla; superior face of the petiole peduncle and lateral face of the petiole also with the irregularly reticulate sculpture; the superior and lateral face of the postpetiole with some irregular rugae that give a rough aspect. Hairs abundant, short and decumbent, irregularly distributed on cephalic disc; scarce, long, suberect and relatively curved forwards on pronotum; metapleuron and mesopleuron with scarce and short hairs; propodeum, petiolar node, postpetiole, and gaster with some long and erect hairs, somewhat backwards oriented.<br />
<br />
Head. Mandibles elongated with a broad and relatively shallow diastema between the basal and subbasal tooth. Anterior teeth of clypeus with small, blunt and lobe-like lateral denticles. Frontal carinae relatively short, subparallel, reaching the level of the inferior orbit of the compound eyes, the maximum width between their outer edges less than a fifth of the head width. Compound eyes small, with about 3-5 facets r.g.d.; total number of ommatidia about 8. Antennal scape failing to reach the occipital corner by a distance larger than the maximum thickness of the scape. Funicular segment I as long as II-IV combined, segments II-VII distinctly broader than long, VIII and IX as long as broad.<br />
<br />
Mesosoma. Promesonotum immarginate in front and laterally; shoulders marked, but without a defined angle. Metanotal groove perceptible by a break in the profile. Dorsal face of the propodeum posteriorly with two acute teeth. Declivous face laterally marginate and weakly carinate.<br />
<br />
Petiole node high and rounded at superior face, antero-posteriorly compressed but not scale-like, about 2/3 as broad as postpetiole; subpetiolar process as a sagital and undulated keel anteriorly ending in a prominent tooth-shaped plate. The postpetiole broad, in a scale like fashion, the level of the superior face lower than the petiole node; subpostpetiolar process small, almost imperceptible, extremely shallow.<br />
<br />
===Type Material===<br />
Holotype worker, Brasil: Rio Grande do Sul: Itatí 29°30’S, 50°10’W, 28.v.1997, J. Ketterl [col.], CPCN Pró-Mata, deposited in {{MZSP}}. Paratype: workers. Brasil: Rio Grande do Sul: Itatí 29°30’S 50°10’W, 29.v.1997, J. Ketterl [col.], CPCN Pró-Mata deposited in MZSP. São Paulo: Cunha 23°15’S, 45°00’W, 21-22.iv.2001, A.A. Tavares, R.R. Silva cols, P.E. Serra do Mar, Winkler, deposited in MZSP.<br />
<br />
===Etymology===<br />
The shape of the head (f.f.v.) where the length is more developed than the width.<br />
<!--Un-comment this template when adding type specimen data<br />
===Type Material===<br />
*{{TypeSpecimen<br />
|publishedname=<br />
|status=<br />
|statuspublication=<br />
|material=<br />
|locality=<br />
|country=Brazil<br />
|coordinates={{Inline coordinates|||0|NS|||0|EW}} COMMENT OUT IF UNKNOWN<br />
|collector=<br />
|collectiondate=<br />
|specimenidentifier=<br />
|institution=<br />
|notes=<br />
}}<br />
--><br />
<br />
==References==<br />
*Albuquerque, N. L. d. and C. R. F. Brandão. 2004. A revision of the Neotropical Solenopsidini ant genus Oxyepoecus Santschi, 1926 (Hymenoptera: Formicidae: Myrmicinae). 1. The Vezenyii species-group. Papéis Avulsos de Zoologia (São Paulo). 44:55-80. DOI: [http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/S0031-10492004000400001 10.1590/S0031-10492004000400001]<br />
*Albuquerque, N. L. d. and C. R. F. Brandão. 2009. A revision of the Neotropical Solenopsidini ant genus Oxyepoecus Santschi, 1926 (Hymenoptera: Formicidae: Myrmicinae): 2. Final. Key for species and revision of the Rastratus species-group. Papéis Avulsos de Zoologia (São Paulo). 49:289-309.<br />
*[[Media:de Albuquerque, N.L., Brandao, C.R.F. 2004. A revision of the Neotropical Solenopsidini ant genus Oxyepoecus. 1. The Vezenyii species-group (10.1590@S0031-10492004000400001).pdf|Albuquerque, N.L.d., Brandão, C.R.F. 2004. A revision of the Neotropical Solenopsidini ant genus ''Oxyepoecus'' Santschi, 1926 (Hymenoptera: Formicidae: Myrmicinae). 1. The ''Vezenyii'' species-group. Papéis Avulsos de Zoologia (São Paulo). 44: 55-80]] ({{doi|10.1590/S0031-10492004000400001}}).<br />
<br />
==References based on [https://benoitguenard.wordpress.com/gabi-articles/ Global Ant Biodiversity Informatics]==<br />
*Albuquerque N. L. and Brandão, C. R. F. 2004. A revision of the Neotropical Solenopsidini ant genus Oxyepoecus Santschi, 1926 (Hymenoptera: Formicidae: Myrmicinae). 1. The Vezenyii species-group. Papeis Avulsos de Zoologia (São Paulo) 44: 55-80.<br />
*Albuquerque, N.L. and C.R.F. Brandao. 2009. A revision of the Neotropical Solenopsidini ant genus Oxyepoecus Santschi, 1926 (Hymenoptera: Formicidae: Myrmicinae): 2. Final. Key for species and revision of the Rastratus species-group. Papéis Avulsos de Zoologia (São Paulo) 49(23): 289-309.<br />
*Silva R.R., and C. R. F. Brandao. 2014. Ecosystem-Wide Morphological Structure of Leaf-Litter Ant Communities along a Tropical Latitudinal Gradient. PLoSONE 9(3): e93049. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0093049<br />
*Ulyssea M. A., C. R. F. Brandao. 2013. Catalogue of Dacetini and Solenopsidini ant type specimens (Hymenoptera, Formicidae, Myrmicinae) deposited in the Museu de Zoologia da Universidade de Sao Paulo, Brazil. Papies Avulsos de Zoologia 53(14): 187-209.<br />
*Ulyssea M.A., C. E. Cereto, F. B. Rosumek, R. R. Silva, and B. C. Lopes. 2011. Updated list of ant species (Hymenoptera, Formicidae) recorded in Santa Catarina State, southern Brazil, with a discussion of research advances and priorities. Revista Brasileira de Entomologia 55(4): 603-611.<br />
<br />
[[category:Species]]<br />
[[category:Extant species]]<br />
[[category:Formicidae]][[category:Myrmicinae]][[category:Solenopsidini]][[category:Oxyepoecus]][[category:Oxyepoecus longicephalus]]<br />
[[category:Myrmicinae species]][[category:Solenopsidini species]][[category:Oxyepoecus species|longicephalus]]<br />
[[Category:Ssr]]</div>SShattuckhttps://antwiki.org/wiki/index.php?title=Oxyepoecus_kempfi&diff=709195Oxyepoecus kempfi2024-03-27T04:59:40Z<p>SShattuck: Add reference from PDF.</p>
<hr />
<div>{{Italic title}}<br />
{{Taxobox<br />
|name = ''Oxyepoecus kempfi''<br />
|image = AB Oxyepoecus kempfi.jpg<br />
|image_width = {{width}}<br />
|regnum = [[Animal]]ia<br />
|phylum = [[Arthropod]]a<br />
|classis = [[Insect]]a<br />
|ordo = [[Hymenoptera]]<br />
|familia = [[Formicidae]]<br />
|subfamilia = [[Myrmicinae]]<br />
|tribus = [[Solenopsidini]]<br />
|genus = ''[[Oxyepoecus]]''<br />
|species = '''''O. kempfi'''''<br />
|binomial = ''Oxyepoecus kempfi''<br />
|binomial_authority = Albuquerque & Brandão, 2004<br />
}}<br />
<br />
''O. kempfi'' is known from the type locality and Milgras and Boa Vista in northeastern Brazil. The type was collected from sifted litter samples in “cerrado” (Brazilian savanna).<br />
<br />
==Identification==<br />
Albuquerque and Brandao (2004) - The exclusive character of the workers of ''O. kempfi'' is the minute size (t.l.), and the pattern of sculpture inside the frontal carinae.<br />
<br />
{{Species identification keys}}<br />
<br />
==Distribution==<br />
{{Latitudinal Distribution<br />
|north_latitude_limit=-10.43333333<br />
|south_latitude_limit=-10.43333333<br />
|north_temperate=<br />
|north_subtropical=<br />
|tropical=yes<br />
|south_subtropical=<br />
|south_temperate=<br />
|source =[https://antmaps.org AntMaps]<br />
|notes =<br />
}}<br />
<!--DO NOT EDIT THIS TEXT. To update this list add or remove taxa from individual regional taxon list pages.--><br />
===Distribution based on [[:Category:Regional Taxon List|Regional Taxon Lists]]===<br />
'''[[:Category:Neotropical Region|Neotropical Region]]''': [[Brazil]] {{SmallFont|([[type locality]])}}.<br /><br />
<!--END OF DISTRIBUTION LIST--><br />
{{AntMapsMap}}<br />
{{Countries Occupied|count=1}}<br />
{{Estimated Abundance|count=3}}<br />
<br />
==Biology==<br />
{{Explore|title=Overview of ''Oxyepoecus'' biology|text={{Overview/Oxyepoecus}} }}<br />
<br />
==Castes==<br />
Known only from the worker caste.<br />
<br />
==Nomenclature==<br />
{{Nomenclature}}<br />
*''<span style='color:red;font-weight:bold;'>kempfi.</span> Oxyepoecus kempfi'' Albuquerque & Brandão, 2004: 67, figs. 3a-c (w.) BRAZIL.<br />
{{nomenplus}}<br />
<br />
===Description===<br />
====Worker====<br />
Holotype and paratype within brackets t.l.= 1.71 (1.77); h.l.= 0.45 (0.46); h.w.= 0.35 (0.37); s.l.= 0.21 (0.23); m.l.e.= 0.10 (0.10); m.w.pr.= 0.32 (0.31); a.l.= 0.49 (0.52); h.f.l.= 0.26 (0.28); m.w.p.= 0.18 (0.21); m.w.pp.= 0. 21 (0. 22); c.i. 78 (80). Color reddish brown. Integument smooth and shining, with the following exceptions: posterior area between frontal carinae longitudinally faintly striate, the striations prolong caudad and obliquely laterad, reaching the level of the superior orbit of the compound eyes; genae with few vestigial rugae that reach the inferior orbit of the compound eyes; dorsal disc of pronotum with piligerous punctuations; posterior area of the katepisternum, and whole metapleuron longitudinally costulate, the costulae prolonged to the bulla of the metapleural gland; the dorsal face of the propodeum with 6-8 transverse curved costulae. Hairs moderately abundant, long, suberect and relatively curved on mesosoma, petiolar node with some subdecumbent and suberect hairs; some decumbent hairs on the postpetiole.<br />
<br />
Head, mandibles elongate, with a broad and relatively shallow diastema between the basal and the subbasal tooth, and also a slightly larger diastema between the subbasal tooth and the subapical. Anterior teeth of the clypeus with lateral denticles, better seen when the clypeus margin is in oblique view. Frontal carinae relatively short, concave behind the antennal sockets, reaching the level of the inferior orbit of the compound eyes, the maximum width between their outer edges approximately 2/5 of the head width. Compound eyes small, with about 5-6 facets r.g.d., which is less than the distance between the inferior orbit and the mandibular insertion: total number of ommatidia about 18. Antennal scape failing to reach the occipital corner by a distance larger than the maximum thickness of the scape. Funicular segment I as long as II-IV combined, segments II-VII distinctly broader than long, VIII and IX as long as broad.<br />
<br />
Mesosoma. Shoulders not at all marked, sides of the pronotum rounded, but the dorsal and lateral faces clearly distinguished. Metanotal groove not impressed (p.v.). Dorsal face of the propodeum immarginate on sides; posteriorly with two acute and prominent spines. Declivous face laterally marginate, the margin as weak carinae.<br />
<br />
Petiole node high and round, slightly higher than the postpetiole, antero-posteriorly compressed and a little expanded laterally, almost 2/3 of the postpetiole width (d.v.); subpetiolar process minute, subquadrate, followed by one posterior very small denticle. The postpetiole very broad, in a scalelike fashion, subpostpetiolar process small with two subparallel crests of similar size, but curved forwards.<br />
<br />
===Type Material===<br />
Holotype worker, Brasil: Piauí: Corrente [10°26’S 45°09’W], 23-27.xi.1991, C.R.F. Brandão [col.], deposited in {{MZSP}}. Paratype: same data as holotype. Both specimens were broken while being examined, the postpetiole and gaster were glued in the same paper triangle of the respective head and mesosoma.<br />
<br />
===Etymology===<br />
In memory of the Brazilian myrmecologist Walter W. Kempf; an inspiration to the study of this genus.<br />
<!--Un-comment this template when adding type specimen data<br />
===Type Material===<br />
*{{TypeSpecimen<br />
|publishedname=<br />
|status=<br />
|statuspublication=<br />
|material=<br />
|locality=<br />
|country=Brazil<br />
|coordinates={{Inline coordinates|||0|NS|||0|EW}} COMMENT OUT IF UNKNOWN<br />
|collector=<br />
|collectiondate=<br />
|specimenidentifier=<br />
|institution=<br />
|notes=<br />
}}<br />
--><br />
<br />
==References==<br />
*Albuquerque, N. L. d. and C. R. F. Brandão. 2004. A revision of the Neotropical Solenopsidini ant genus Oxyepoecus Santschi, 1926 (Hymenoptera: Formicidae: Myrmicinae). 1. The Vezenyii species-group. Papéis Avulsos de Zoologia (São Paulo). 44:55-80. DOI: [http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/S0031-10492004000400001 10.1590/S0031-10492004000400001]<br />
*Albuquerque, N. L. d. and C. R. F. Brandão. 2009. A revision of the Neotropical Solenopsidini ant genus Oxyepoecus Santschi, 1926 (Hymenoptera: Formicidae: Myrmicinae): 2. Final. Key for species and revision of the Rastratus species-group. Papéis Avulsos de Zoologia (São Paulo). 49:289-309.<br />
*[[Media:de Albuquerque, N.L., Brandao, C.R.F. 2004. A revision of the Neotropical Solenopsidini ant genus Oxyepoecus. 1. The Vezenyii species-group (10.1590@S0031-10492004000400001).pdf|Albuquerque, N.L.d., Brandão, C.R.F. 2004. A revision of the Neotropical Solenopsidini ant genus ''Oxyepoecus'' Santschi, 1926 (Hymenoptera: Formicidae: Myrmicinae). 1. The ''Vezenyii'' species-group. Papéis Avulsos de Zoologia (São Paulo). 44: 55-80]] ({{doi|10.1590/S0031-10492004000400001}}).<br />
<br />
==References based on [https://benoitguenard.wordpress.com/gabi-articles/ Global Ant Biodiversity Informatics]==<br />
*Ulyssea M. A., C. R. F. Brandao. 2013. Catalogue of Dacetini and Solenopsidini ant type specimens (Hymenoptera, Formicidae, Myrmicinae) deposited in the Museu de Zoologia da Universidade de Sao Paulo, Brazil. Papies Avulsos de Zoologia 53(14): 187-209.<br />
<br />
[[category:Species]]<br />
[[category:Extant species]]<br />
[[category:Formicidae]][[category:Myrmicinae]][[category:Solenopsidini]][[category:Oxyepoecus]][[category:Oxyepoecus kempfi]]<br />
[[category:Myrmicinae species]][[category:Solenopsidini species]][[category:Oxyepoecus species|kempfi]]<br />
[[Category:Ssr]]</div>SShattuckhttps://antwiki.org/wiki/index.php?title=Oxyepoecus_inquilinus&diff=709194Oxyepoecus inquilinus2024-03-27T04:59:29Z<p>SShattuck: Add reference from PDF.</p>
<hr />
<div>{{Italic title}}<br />
{{Taxobox<br />
|name = ''Oxyepoecus inquilinus''<br />
|image = Oxyepoecus inquilinus casent0006160 head 1.jpg<br />
|image_width = {{width}}<br />
|status = VU<br />
|status_system = IUCN2.3<br />
|regnum = [[Animal]]ia<br />
|phylum = [[Arthropod]]a<br />
|classis = [[Insect]]a<br />
|ordo = [[Hymenoptera]]<br />
|familia = [[Formicidae]]<br />
|subfamilia = [[Myrmicinae]]<br />
|tribus = [[Solenopsidini]]<br />
|genus = ''[[Oxyepoecus]]''<br />
|species = '''''O. inquilinus'''''<br />
|binomial = ''Oxyepoecus inquilinus''<br />
|binomial_authority = (Kusnezov, 1952)<br />
----<br />
[[File:Oxyepoecus inquilinus casent0006160 profile 1.jpg|{{width}}]]<br />
<br />
[[File:Oxyepoecus inquilinus casent0006160 dorsal 1.jpg|{{width}}]]<br />
<br />
[[:File:Oxyepoecus inquilinus casent0006160 label 1.jpg|Specimen labels]]|Specimen labels<br />
<br />
|synonyms =<br />
*''[[Oxyepoecus turgidus]]'' Kempf, 1969<br />
}}<br />
<br />
Despite being the most widely distributed species of the genus, ''Oxyepoecus inquilinus'' is quite rare. It is considered threatened and is listed as an [http://www.iucnredlist.org/ IUCN vulnerable species].<br />
<br />
==Identification==<br />
Workers of ''O. inquilinus'' are distinguished by the combination of two characters: the very large compound eyes with about 50 ommatidia, and the developed spines of the propodeum (Albuquerque and Brandao 2004).<br />
<br />
{{Species identification keys}}<br />
<br />
==Distribution==<br />
Known from Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Chile and Paraguay.<br />
<br />
{{Latitudinal Distribution<br />
|north_latitude_limit=-2.9667<br />
|south_latitude_limit=-26.88333333<br />
|north_temperate=<br />
|north_subtropical=<br />
|tropical=yes<br />
|south_subtropical=yes<br />
|south_temperate=<br />
|source =[https://antmaps.org AntMaps]<br />
|notes =<br />
}}<br />
<!--DO NOT EDIT THIS TEXT. To update this list add or remove taxa from individual regional taxon list pages.--><br />
===Distribution based on [[:Category:Regional Taxon List|Regional Taxon Lists]]===<br />
'''[[:Category:Neotropical Region|Neotropical Region]]''': [[Argentina]] {{SmallFont|([[type locality]])}}, [[Brazil]], [[Chile]], [[Colombia]], [[Paraguay]].<br /><br />
<!--END OF DISTRIBUTION LIST--><br />
{{AntMapsMap}}<br />
{{Countries Occupied|count=5}}<br />
{{Estimated Abundance|count=42}}<br />
<br />
===Habitat===<br />
''O. inquilinus'' seems to be present both in open and closed habitats, in degraded and pristine ecosystems, and in dry and wet areas. The distribution of this species seems large but discontinuous, and ''O. inquilinus'' is apparently locally rare (Delsinne et al. 2011).<br />
<br />
==Biology==<br />
Kempf (1974) - The types and subsequent Argentine material (workers only) were invariably discovered in nests of ''[[Pheidole radoszkowskii]]''. Yet ''inquilinus'' infestation is not common, since it was found only in 2 of 41 ''radoszkowskii'' colonies, prior to the description of the former. Placed together in the glass container of an aspirator, ''Pheidole radoszkowskii'' soldiers showed themselves very hostile toward the ''inquilinus'' workers by endeavoring to cut them up into pieces with their heavy mandibles (Kusnezov, 1952: 718). My own field experience, based on the hitherto known Brazilian material, suggests a similar relationship, inasmuch as several stray ''inquilinus'' workers (described under the name of ''turgidus'', a straight synonym of the former species) were collected with ''[[Pheidole schwarzmaieri]]'' and ''[[Pheidole claviscapa]]'' workers swarming out of their disturbed nests, at Anápolis, Goiás State. A definite association, however, was not observed in nature (Kempf, 1969: 281).<br />
<br />
Delsinne et al. (2011): ''Oxyepoecus inquilinus'' was sampled in two localities of the Paraguayan dry Chaco. In the literature, ''O. inquilinus'' was reported from two savanna localities of the Brazilian<br />
Cerrado, one Brazilian pasture, one anthropogenic area (i.e., the “Jardin del Instituto Miguel Lillo”) from the Argentinean Tucum´an province, and one locality in the Bolivian Beni Department. In addition, one worker closely related to ''O. inquilinus'' was collected in a savanna morichal habitat from Colombia, but its specific status awaits further investigation. Finally, ''O. inquilinus'' was recently sampled in a Valdivian forest of Chile [5]. If the identity of the Colombian specimen is confirmed, ''O. inquilinus'' is the most broadly distributed species of the genus. In fact, its Colombian and Chilean localities represent both the northernmost and southernmost limits of distribution for the entire genus. Although data are insufficient to determine the exact requirements of this species, ''O. inquilinus'' seems to be present both in open and closed habitats, in degraded and pristine ecosystems, and in dry and wet areas. The distribution of this species seems large but discontinuous, and ''O. inquilinus'' is apparently locally rare, justifying its vulnerable status. ''O. inquilinus'' is suspected to be inquiline in ''Pheidole radozskowskii'' nests. At T. Enciso N.P., the same Winkler sample collected two workers of ''O.<br />
inquilinus'' and 11 workers of ''Ph. radozskowskii''. However, at Nueva Asuncion the latter was not recorded in our 60 Winkler and 60 pitfall samples, suggesting that ''O. inquilinus'' is not restricted to this host species.<br />
{{Explore|title=Overview of ''Oxyepoecus'' biology|text={{Overview/Oxyepoecus}} }}<br />
<br />
==Castes==<br />
Only known from the worker.<br />
<br />
==Nomenclature==<br />
{{Nomenclature}}<br />
*''<span style='color:red;font-weight:bold;'>inquilinus.</span> Martia inquilina'' Kusnezov, 1952h: 720 (diagnosis in key) (w.) ARGENTINA. Combination in ''Oxyepoecus'': Ettershank, 1966: 146. Senior synonym of ''turgidus'': Kempf, 1974b: 489.<br />
*''turgidus. Oxyepoecus turgidus'' Kempf, 1969: 278, figs. 1-3 (w.) BRAZIL. Junior synonym of ''inquilinus'': Kempf, 1974b: 489.<br />
<br />
<!--Un-comment this template when adding type specimen data<br />
===Type Material===<br />
*{{TypeSpecimen<br />
|publishedname=<br />
|status=<br />
|statuspublication=<br />
|material=<br />
|locality=<br />
|country=Argentina<br />
|coordinates={{Inline coordinates|||0|NS|||0|EW}} COMMENT OUT IF UNKNOWN<br />
|collector=<br />
|collectiondate=<br />
|specimenidentifier=<br />
|institution=<br />
|notes=<br />
}}<br />
--><br />
<br />
{{nomenplus}}<br />
<br />
[[File:Kempf 1974 oxyepoecus fig. 1-10.jpg|250px|border|right]] Kempf (1974) - When originally proposed (Kusnezov, 1952: 720), ''inquilinus'' was not given any formal description, but only a few, in part worthless differential characters were pointed out both in the text and in the key to the Argentine species of the genus. A direct comparison between the holotypes of ''inquilinus'' and ''turgidus'' (nov. syn.) proved that both are conspecific, the latter being a straight synonym of the former. <br />
<br />
This heavy-set species is striking by its elongate, sublinear mandibles which it shares with ''[[Oxyepoecus vivax]]'' and to some extent also with ''[[Oxyepoecus vezenyii]]'', in which they are already a bit shorter and somewhat variable. ''Inquilinus'' differs from ''vezenyii'' in the slightly broader head, the more expanded frontal carinae which cover at least one third of the head width, the much larger eyes with over 50 ommatidia, the lack of margination in front and on sides of pronotum, the lack of a humeral angle, the stronger propodeal spines, the dentate, not lobate subpetiolar process. <br />
<br />
The worker of ''vivax'' is unknown, but to judge from the queen, the shape of the petiole and the postpetiole readily separates both species. <br />
<br />
All the Argentine material was found within the nests of ''[[Pheidole radoszkowskii]]'' Mayr, as already pointed out in the introduction of this paper. For the remaining specimens from Brazil and Bolivia, we have no such evidence. <br />
<br />
Note. Three stray males, taken on December 15, 18 and 19, 1957 at Tucumán, Argentina (IML) definitely belong to ''Oxyepoecus'' and probably represent the male sex of the present species, ''inquilinus''. They differ from the male of ''rastratus'' in the following details: <br />
<br />
Slightly larger in size, thorax heavier; frons with a smooth, impressed, longitudinal stripe between clypeus and anterior ocellus; scutum entirely smooth and shining; scutellum mostly smooth, lightly sculptured on sides; mesopleura mostly costate-rugose; basal face of propodeum with heavy, coarse transverse rugae; petiolar node more distinctly set off from the peduncle, its peak narrowly rounded in side-view. <br />
<br />
===Description===<br />
====Worker====<br />
Kempf (1974) - (holotype). Total length 2.7 (2.5-2.9) mm; head length 0.60 (0.53-0.64) mm; head width 0.51 (0.46-0.53) mm ; scape length 0.41 (0.35-0.44) mm; maximum diameter of eyes 0.16 (0.12-0.16) mm; Weber's length of thorax 0.80 (0.68- 0.80) mm; maximum width of pronotum 0.44 (0.38-0.44) mm; hind femur length 0.48 (0.43-0.51) mm; petiole width 0.27 (0.22-0.28) mm; postpetiole width 0.33 (0.27-0.36) mm; [[File:Kempf 1974 Oxyepoecus fig 11-22.jpg|250px|border|left]] cephalic index 83-91. Chestnut brown; gaster fuscous brown to black; mandibles, scapes and legs yellowish brown; occiput somewhat infuscated. Integument smooth and shining; piligerous punctures on cephalic dorsum conspicuous. Hairs abundant, erect on body, oblique on mandibles, antennae and legs; on head, most hairs are oblique, curved mesad dorsally on disc, the remaining ones curved forward; fine pubescence present only on antennal club, coxae and tarsomeres. <br />
<br />
Head. Mandibles sublinear, strikingly elongate, basal border much longer than chewing border, the small basal tooth separated from the stronger subbasal tooth by a broad and shallow diastema. Median apron of clypeus very strongly and sharply carinate on both sides, the anterior teeth and accessory denticles well developed. Frontal area impressed, indistinctly delimited. Frontal carinae short, moderately expanded laterad, terminating at level of anterior orbit of eyes, bearing dorsally a few fine longitudinal costulae which curve obliquely laterad above eyes without reaching them and do not extend caudad beyond level of posterior orbit of eyes; maximum distance between outer edges of frontal carinae at least one third of maximum head width. Cheeks longitudinally striate in front and above eyes. The latter comparatively very large, moderately convex, with about 10 facets in a row across the greatest diameter, the total number of ommatidia being about 50 in all. Antennal scape relatively long but not quite reaching the occipital corner when laid back over the head. Funicular segment I longer than VIII and IX taken individually, as long as II-V combined; segments II-VII visibly broader than long; segments VIII and IX subequal in length, about as long as broad. <br />
<br />
Thorax stout and heavy-set. Promesonotum continuously vaulted in both directions, immarginate in front and on sides; shoulders completely rounded, not angular nor subdentate. Metanotal groove scarcely to not at all impressed; no metanotal suture present. Basal face of propodeum transversely costulate, the 10 or more fine costae fading out on sides of propodeum; the last costa between the comparatively prominent and acute propodeal spines separating the basal from the declivous face; the latter smooth and shining, laterally sharply marginate. Metasternal lobes rounded. Sides of thorax on postero-inferior corner with a few strong costulae, curved around the bulla of the metasternal gland; mesopleura also with a narrow band of short, faint, horizontal costulae along the posterior border. <br />
<br />
Petiole strongly pedunculate, node high and rounded above, antero-posteriorly compressed, scalelike, nearly as broad as postpetiole; subpetiolar process in the form of a sharp sagittal crest terminating in front in a very prominent tooth. Postpetiole very broad, scalelike, not as high as petiole, its posterior surface with a few faint, transverse costulae. Gaster smooth and shining throughout. <br />
<br />
===Type Material===<br />
Kempf (1974):<br />
<br />
Argentina, Tucuman, Jardin del Instituto Miguel Lillo, 2-V-1948, N. Kusnezov leg. 2 workers (IML n. 1832, holotype and paratype) ; same locality and collector, 6-1-1948, 7 workers (IML n. 111, paratypes). <br />
<br />
Brazil, Sao Paulo State : Agudos, Fazenda Santo Antonio, 23-1X-1954, W. W. Kempf leg. 1 worker (WWK s/n, holotype of ''turgidus'') , same locality and collector, 25-1-1953, 1 worker (WWK n. 740, paratype of turgidus).<br />
<br />
Albuquerque and Brandao (2004) - Brasil: Goiás: Anápolis; 18.iii.1964, Kempf # 3852, W. Kempf [col.] [16°19’S 48°57’W] (2 ", paratypes of Oxyepoecus turgidus Kempf, 1969); same locality, 2.i.1966, Kempf # 4300, W. Kempf [col.] (1 " paratype of Oxyepoecus turgidus Kempf, 1969). São Paulo: Agudos; 23.ix.1954, W. Kempf [col.] [22°27’S 49°00’] ("holotype of Oxyepoecus turgidus Kempf, 1969); same locality, 25.i.1953, Kempf # 740, same collector (1 " paratype of Oxyepoecus turgidus Kempf, 1969). In Kempf ’s collection accession book we found the information that the paratypes of ''O. turgidus'' were found in the “Cerrado do Seminário”, that is in a savanna close to the convent where Father Kempf was living at the time. <br />
<br />
==References==<br />
*[[Media:Albuquerque, E., Prado, L. et al. 2021. Ants of the State of Pará, Brazil (10.11646@zootaxa.5001.1.1).pdf|Albuquerque, E., Prado, L., Andrade-Silva, J., Siqueira, E., Sampaio, K., Alves, D., Brandão, C., Andrade, P., Feitosa, R., Koch, E., Delabie, J., Fernandes, I., Baccaro, F., Souza, J., Almeida, R., Silva, R. 2021. Ants of the State of Pará, Brazil: a historical and comprehensive dataset of a key biodiversity hotspot in the Amazon Basin. Zootaxa 5001, 1–83]] ({{doi|10.11646/zootaxa.5001.1.1}}).<br />
*Albuquerque, N. L. d. and C. R. F. Brandão. 2004. A revision of the Neotropical Solenopsidini ant genus Oxyepoecus Santschi, 1926 (Hymenoptera: Formicidae: Myrmicinae). 1. The Vezenyii species-group. Papéis Avulsos de Zoologia (São Paulo). 44:55-80. DOI: [http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/S0031-10492004000400001 10.1590/S0031-10492004000400001]<br />
*Albuquerque, N. L. d. and C. R. F. Brandão. 2009. A revision of the Neotropical Solenopsidini ant genus Oxyepoecus Santschi, 1926 (Hymenoptera: Formicidae: Myrmicinae): 2. Final. Key for species and revision of the Rastratus species-group. Papéis Avulsos de Zoologia (São Paulo). 49:289-309. <br />
*[[Media:de Albuquerque, N.L., Brandao, C.R.F. 2004. A revision of the Neotropical Solenopsidini ant genus Oxyepoecus. 1. The Vezenyii species-group (10.1590@S0031-10492004000400001).pdf|Albuquerque, N.L.d., Brandão, C.R.F. 2004. A revision of the Neotropical Solenopsidini ant genus ''Oxyepoecus'' Santschi, 1926 (Hymenoptera: Formicidae: Myrmicinae). 1. The ''Vezenyii'' species-group. Papéis Avulsos de Zoologia (São Paulo). 44: 55-80]] ({{doi|10.1590/S0031-10492004000400001}}).<br />
*Cuezzo, F. 2007. First record of the ant genus Oxyepoecus (Formicidae: Myrmicinae: Solenopsidini) in Chile, with remarks on its geographical range. Revista de la Sociedad Entomologica de Argentina. 66:165–167.<br />
*Delsinne, T., W. Mackay, A. Wild, Y. Roisin, and M. Leponce. 2012. Distribution and Diversity of the Cryptic Ant Genus Oxyepoecus (Hymenoptera: Formicidae: Myrmicinae) in Paraguay with Descriptions of Two New Species. Psyche. 2012. [http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/594302 DOI:10.1155/2012/594302]<br />
*Ettershank, G. 1966. A generic revision of the world Myrmicinae related to Solenopsis and Pheidologeton (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). Aust. J. Zool. 14: 73-171 (page 146, Combination in Oxyepoecus)<br />
*Kempf, W. W. 1974b. A review of the Neotropical ant genus Oxyepoecus Santschi (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). Stud. Entomol. 17: 471-512 (page 489, Senior synonym of turgidus)<br />
*Kusnezov, N. 1952k [1951]. Acerca de las hormigas simbióticas del género Martia Forel (Hymenoptera, Formicidae). Acta Zool. Lilloana 10: 717-722 (page 720, (diagnosis in key) worker described)<br />
<br />
==References based on [https://benoitguenard.wordpress.com/gabi-articles/ Global Ant Biodiversity Informatics]==<br />
*Albuquerque N. L. and Brandão, C. R. F. 2004. A revision of the Neotropical Solenopsidini ant genus Oxyepoecus Santschi, 1926 (Hymenoptera: Formicidae: Myrmicinae). 1. The Vezenyii species-group. Papeis Avulsos de Zoologia (São Paulo) 44: 55-80.<br />
*Albuquerque, N.L. and C.R.F. Brandao. 2009. A revision of the Neotropical Solenopsidini ant genus Oxyepoecus Santschi, 1926 (Hymenoptera: Formicidae: Myrmicinae): 2. Final. Key for species and revision of the Rastratus species-group. Papéis Avulsos de Zoologia (São Paulo) 49(23): 289-309.<br />
*Brandao, C.R.F. 1991. Adendos ao catalogo abreviado das formigas da regiao neotropical (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). Rev. Bras. Entomol. 35: 319-412.<br />
*Kempf W. W. 1969. Miscellaneous studies on Neotropical ants. V. (Hymenoptera, Formicidae). Studia Entomologica 12: 273-296.<br />
*Kempf W. W. 1974. A review of the Neotropical ant genus Oxyepoecus Santschi (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). Studia Entomologica 17: 471-512.<br />
*Kempf W. W. 1978. A preliminary zoogeographical analysis of a regional ant fauna in Latin America. 114. Studia Entomologica 20: 43-62.<br />
*Kempf, W.W. 1972. Catalago abreviado das formigas da regiao Neotropical (Hym. Formicidae) Studia Entomologica 15(1-4).<br />
*Pacheco R., and H. L. Vasconcelos. 2012. Subterranean Pitfall Traps: Is ItWorth Including Them in Your Ant Sampling Protocol? Psyche doi:10.1155/2012/870794<br />
*Ulyssea M. A., C. R. F. Brandao. 2013. Catalogue of Dacetini and Solenopsidini ant type specimens (Hymenoptera, Formicidae, Myrmicinae) deposited in the Museu de Zoologia da Universidade de Sao Paulo, Brazil. Papies Avulsos de Zoologia 53(14): 187-209.<br />
<br />
[[category:Species]]<br />
[[category:Extant species]]<br />
[[category:Formicidae]][[category:Myrmicinae]][[category:Solenopsidini]][[category:Oxyepoecus]][[category:Oxyepoecus inquilinus]]<br />
[[category:Myrmicinae species]][[category:Solenopsidini species]][[category:Oxyepoecus species|inquilinus]]<br />
[[category:Ssr]]<br />
[[category:IUCN Red List]]</div>SShattuckhttps://antwiki.org/wiki/index.php?title=Oxyepoecus_ephippiatus&diff=709193Oxyepoecus ephippiatus2024-03-27T04:59:15Z<p>SShattuck: Add reference from PDF.</p>
<hr />
<div>{{Italic title}}<br />
{{Taxobox<br />
|name = ''Oxyepoecus ephippiatus''<br />
|image = AB Oxyepoecus ephippiatus.jpg<br />
|image_width = {{width}}<br />
|regnum = [[Animal]]ia<br />
|phylum = [[Arthropod]]a<br />
|classis = [[Insect]]a<br />
|ordo = [[Hymenoptera]]<br />
|familia = [[Formicidae]]<br />
|subfamilia = [[Myrmicinae]]<br />
|tribus = [[Solenopsidini]]<br />
|genus = ''[[Oxyepoecus]]''<br />
|species = '''''O. ephippiatus'''''<br />
|binomial = ''Oxyepoecus ephippiatus''<br />
|binomial_authority = Albuquerque & Brandão, 2004<br />
}}<br />
<br />
With the exception of a specimen label that includes "lowland rainforest", nothing is known about the biology of ''{{PAGENAME}}''.<br />
<br />
==Identification==<br />
Albuquerque and Brandao (2004) - The exclusive character of the workers of ''O. ephippiatus'' is the very modified shape of the dorsal face of the propodeum (saddle shaped) with its level elevated in regard to the rest of mesosoma. ''O. ephippiatus'' gyne runs near those of ''[[Oxyepoecus vezenyii]]'' in Kempf ’s key (1974), however its propodeum is different, as discussed in the description.<br />
<br />
{{Species identification keys}}<br />
<br />
==Distribution==<br />
{{Latitudinal Distribution<br />
|north_latitude_limit=-0.631944444<br />
|south_latitude_limit=-64.36<br />
|north_temperate=<br />
|north_subtropical=<br />
|tropical=yes<br />
|south_subtropical=yes<br />
|south_temperate=yes<br />
|source =[https://antmaps.org AntMaps]<br />
|notes =<br />
}}<br />
<!--DO NOT EDIT THIS TEXT. To update this list add or remove taxa from individual regional taxon list pages.--><br />
===Distribution based on [[:Category:Regional Taxon List|Regional Taxon Lists]]===<br />
'''[[:Category:Neotropical Region|Neotropical Region]]''': [[Brazil]] {{SmallFont|([[type locality]])}}, [[Ecuador]].<br /><br />
<!--END OF DISTRIBUTION LIST--><br />
{{AntMapsMap}}<br />
{{Countries Occupied|count=2}}<br />
{{Estimated Abundance|count=37}}<br />
<br />
==Biology==<br />
{{Explore|title=Overview of ''Oxyepoecus'' biology|text={{Overview/Oxyepoecus}} }}<br />
<br />
==Castes==<br />
Males have yet to be collected.<br />
<br />
==Nomenclature==<br />
{{Nomenclature}}<br />
*''<span style='color:red;font-weight:bold;'>ephippiatus.</span> Oxyepoecus ephippiatus'' Albuquerque & Brandão, 2004: 64, figs. 2a-c (w.) BRAZIL.<br />
{{nomenplus}}<br />
<br />
===Description===<br />
====Worker====<br />
Holotype and paratype within brackets t.l.= 2.62 (2.57); h.l.= 0.58 (0.58); h.w.= 0.49 (0.49); s.l.= 0.40 (0.38); m.l.e.= 0.10 (0.10); m.w.pr.= 0.41 (0.41); a.l.= 0.74 (0.74); h.f.l.= 0.49 (0.48); m.w.p.= 0.32 (0.31); m.w.pp.= 0. 34 (0. 31); c.i. 84 (84). Color ferruginous brown. Integument smooth and shining, with the following exceptions: frontal carinae with 4-6 short but well formed costulae that are not prolonged posteriorly, ending before the level of the inferior orbits of the compound eyes; genae with few longitudinal short rugae that do not reach the inferior orbit of the compound eyes; promesonotum smooth and shining; dorsal face of the propodeum with 6-8 well marked transverse costulae that cover the metapleural region; declivous face smooth and shining. Hairs abundant, long, but without a regular orientation on head, suberect and relatively curved anteriorly on pronotal dorsum, mesonotum and petiolar node; suberect, but curved backwards on the postpetiole.<br />
<br />
Head. Mandibles relatively elongated, with a broad and shallow diastema between the basal and subbasal teeth. Anterior teeth of clypeus with lateral blunt and scarcely developed denticles. Frontal carinae gently convex, with the posterior ends at the level of the middle of the compound eyes, the maximum width between their outer edges approximately two fifths of the head width. Compound eyes medium sized, with about 6-8 facets r.g.d., which is almost equal to the distance between the anterior orbit and the mandibular insertion: total number of ommatidia about 30. Antennal scape failing to reach the occipital corner by a distance approximately equal to the maximum thickness of the scape. Funicular segment I as long as II-V combined, segments II-VII distinctly broader than long, VIII and IX as long as broad. <br />
<br />
Mesosoma. Pronotum shoulders not at all marked, sides of the pronotum completely rounded. Metanotal groove not at all impressed with the mesosoma in profile. Propodeum very modified, with the shape of a pronounced horse saddle, the level of the dorsal face much higher than the level of the rest of the mesosoma, dorsal face of the propodeum immarginate on sides; posteriorly with two medium sized teeth. Declivous face laterally weakly marginate and carinate.<br />
<br />
Petiole node high and round, antero-posteriorly compressed and laterally expanded in a scalelike fashion, almost with the same width as the postpetiole (d.v.); subpetiolar process with an anterior end as a prominent and blunt tooth directed obliquely forwards (p.v.). The postpetiole very broad, antero-posteriorly compressed, the subpostpetiolar process forming a small and continuous plate with its ventral margin bearing three regularly spaced minute notches.<br />
<br />
====Queen====<br />
t.l.= 3.32; h.l.= 0.69; h.w.= 0.58; s.l.= 0.35; m.l.e.= 0.21; m.w.pr.= 0.55; a.l.= 0.88; h.f.l.= 0.61; m.w.p.= 0.35; m.w.pp.= 0.34; c.i. 84. Color chestnut ferruginous brown. Integument almost as in the conspecific workers, with the following exceptions: genae rugae almost reaching the inferior orbit of the compound eyes; scutellum weakly marginate and smooth and shining; Propodeum as in the workers, although the level of the dorsal face is similar to the level of the scutellum. Hairs as in the workers.<br />
<br />
Head (f.f.v.) more elongate than in the workers, occipital corners broadly rounded. Compound eyes with 12-14 ommatidia r.g.d. and a total of approximately 70 ommatidia. Ocelli equally developed, very small, with the same diameter of the thinnest part of the antennal scape. The antennal scapes when laid back over the head as much as possible, almost attaining the occipital border. Funicular segment as in the workers. <br />
<br />
Petiolar node, in relation to that of the workers, more antero-posteriorly compressed.<br />
<br />
===Type Material===<br />
Holotype worker, Brasil: Amazonas: Manaus, Rs 1301 [01°30’S 46°11’W], 16.xii.[19]93, A.B. Casimiro [col.] # H-49, deposited in {{INPA}}. Paratypes: worker. Brasil: Amazonas: Manaus, 29.ix.[19]93, A.B. Casimiro [col.] # 2306, deposited in {{MZSP}} (coated with gold for SEM examination) paratype incomplete, just the mesosoma and petiole]. Gyne. Brasil: AM: Manaus, Rs 1104, 16.xii.[19]93, A.B. Casimiro [col.] # L-9, deposited in MZSP.<br />
<br />
===Etymology===<br />
Refering to the saddle shape of the propodeum (Latin: ephippium = saddle).<br />
<!--Un-comment this template when adding type specimen data<br />
===Type Material===<br />
*{{TypeSpecimen<br />
|publishedname=<br />
|status=<br />
|statuspublication=<br />
|material=<br />
|locality=<br />
|country=Brazil<br />
|coordinates={{Inline coordinates|||0|NS|||0|EW}} COMMENT OUT IF UNKNOWN<br />
|collector=<br />
|collectiondate=<br />
|specimenidentifier=<br />
|institution=<br />
|notes=<br />
}}<br />
--><br />
<br />
==References==<br />
*Albuquerque, N. L. d. and C. R. F. Brandão. 2004. A revision of the Neotropical Solenopsidini ant genus Oxyepoecus Santschi, 1926 (Hymenoptera: Formicidae: Myrmicinae). 1. The Vezenyii species-group. Papéis Avulsos de Zoologia (São Paulo). 44:55-80. DOI: [http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/S0031-10492004000400001 10.1590/S0031-10492004000400001]<br />
*Albuquerque, N. L. d. and C. R. F. Brandão. 2009. A revision of the Neotropical Solenopsidini ant genus Oxyepoecus Santschi, 1926 (Hymenoptera: Formicidae: Myrmicinae): 2. Final. Key for species and revision of the Rastratus species-group. Papéis Avulsos de Zoologia (São Paulo). 49:289-309.<br />
*[[Media:de Albuquerque, N.L., Brandao, C.R.F. 2004. A revision of the Neotropical Solenopsidini ant genus Oxyepoecus. 1. The Vezenyii species-group (10.1590@S0031-10492004000400001).pdf|Albuquerque, N.L.d., Brandão, C.R.F. 2004. A revision of the Neotropical Solenopsidini ant genus ''Oxyepoecus'' Santschi, 1926 (Hymenoptera: Formicidae: Myrmicinae). 1. The ''Vezenyii'' species-group. Papéis Avulsos de Zoologia (São Paulo). 44: 55-80]] ({{doi|10.1590/S0031-10492004000400001}}).<br />
*[[Media:Franco, W., Ladino, N. et al. 2019. First checklist of the ants of French Guiana (10.11646@zootaxa.4674.5.2).pdf|Franco, W., Ladino, N., Delabie, J.H.C., Dejean, A., Orivel, J., Fichaux, M., Groc, S., Leponce, M., Feitosa, R.M. 2019. First checklist of the ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) of French Guiana. Zootaxa 4674, 509–543]] ({{doi|10.11646/zootaxa.4674.5.2}}).<br />
<br />
==References based on [https://benoitguenard.wordpress.com/gabi-articles/ Global Ant Biodiversity Informatics]==<br />
*Fernandes I., and J. de Souza. 2018. Dataset of long-term monitoring of ground-dwelling ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) in the influence areas of a hydroelectric power plant on the Madeira River in the Amazon Basin. Biodiversity Data Journal 6: e24375.<br />
*Franco W., N. Ladino, J. H. C. Delabie, A. Dejean, J. Orivel, M. Fichaux, S. Groc, M. Leponce, and R. M. Feitosa. 2019. First checklist of the ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) of French Guiana. Zootaxa 4674(5): 509-543.<br />
*Mertl A. L., J. F. A. Traniello, K. Ryder Wilkie, and R. Constantino. 2012. Associations of two ecologically significant social insect taxa in the litter of an amazonian rainforest: is there a relationship between ant and termite species richness? Psyche doi:10.1155/2012/312054<br />
<br />
[[category:Species]]<br />
[[category:Extant species]]<br />
[[category:Formicidae]][[category:Myrmicinae]][[category:Solenopsidini]][[category:Oxyepoecus]][[category:Oxyepoecus ephippiatus]]<br />
[[category:Myrmicinae species]][[category:Solenopsidini species]][[category:Oxyepoecus species|ephippiatus]]<br />
[[Category:Ssr]]</div>SShattuckhttps://antwiki.org/wiki/index.php?title=Oxyepoecus_crassinodus&diff=709192Oxyepoecus crassinodus2024-03-27T04:59:00Z<p>SShattuck: Add reference from PDF.</p>
<hr />
<div>{{Italic title}}<br />
{{Taxobox<br />
|name = ''Oxyepoecus crassinodus''<br />
|regnum = [[Animal]]ia<br />
|phylum = [[Arthropod]]a<br />
|classis = [[Insect]]a<br />
|ordo = [[Hymenoptera]]<br />
|familia = [[Formicidae]]<br />
|subfamilia = [[Myrmicinae]]<br />
|tribus = [[Solenopsidini]]<br />
|genus = ''[[Oxyepoecus]]''<br />
|species = '''''O. crassinodus'''''<br />
|binomial = ''Oxyepoecus crassinodus''<br />
|binomial_authority = Kempf, 1974<br />
}}<br />
<br />
Nothing is known about the biology of this species.<br />
<br />
==Identification==<br />
''O. crassinodus'' is at once distinct by the deeply impressed metanotal groove and the thick, laterally scarcely expanded nor antero-posteriorly compressed petiolar node (Kempf 1974). See the nomenclature section for additional information.<br />
<br />
Kempf (1974) - Differs from ''[[Oxyepoecus inquilinus]]'' in the shorter, triangular mandibles, the more abundant costulae on frons and vertex, the much smaller eyes with lesser number of ommatidia, the greater distance between mandibular insertion and anterior orbit of eyes, which exceeds noticeably the maximum diameter of the latter, the entirely sculptured mesopleura, the deeply impressed metanotal groove, the thick petiolar node which is not scalelike nor antero-posteriorly compressed. <br />
<br />
The differences from the even closer ''[[Oxyepoecus daguerrei]]'' consist in the mostly smooth cephalic dorsum, the costulae on vertex being separated into two patches by a median, smooth longitudinal stripe, and do not attain posteriorly the occiput; in the smaller eyes with a lesser number of facets. <br />
<br />
The following characters separate ''Oxyepoecus crassinodus'' from ''[[Oxyepoecus plaumanni]]'': costulae on vertex and frons divided by a median smooth stripe; shoulders of thorax nearly completely rounded, not marked; promesonotum entirely smooth on disc; metanotal groove much more deeply impressed; transverse costulae on basal face of propodeum less dense and fewer in number (less than 15).<br />
<br />
{{Species identification keys}}<br />
<br />
==Distribution==<br />
Only known from Southern Brazil: Parana, Rio Grande do Sul, São Paulo and Santa Catarina.<br />
<br />
{{Latitudinal Distribution<br />
|north_latitude_limit=-23.2508<br />
|south_latitude_limit=-29.417<br />
|north_temperate=<br />
|north_subtropical=<br />
|tropical=yes<br />
|south_subtropical=yes<br />
|south_temperate=<br />
|source =[https://antmaps.org AntMaps]<br />
|notes =<br />
}}<br />
<!--DO NOT EDIT THIS TEXT. To update this list add or remove taxa from individual regional taxon list pages.--><br />
===Distribution based on [[:Category:Regional Taxon List|Regional Taxon Lists]]===<br />
'''[[:Category:Neotropical Region|Neotropical Region]]''': [[Brazil]] {{SmallFont|([[type locality]])}}.<br /><br />
<!--END OF DISTRIBUTION LIST--><br />
{{AntMapsMap}}<br />
{{Countries Occupied|count=1}}<br />
{{Estimated Abundance|count=29}}<br />
<br />
==Biology==<br />
Nothing is known about the biology of this species.<br />
{{Explore|title=Overview of ''Oxyepoecus'' biology|text={{Overview/Oxyepoecus}} }}<br />
<br />
==Castes==<br />
Queens and males have not been collected.<br />
<br />
==Nomenclature==<br />
{{Nomenclature}}<br />
*''<span style='color:red;font-weight:bold;'>crassinodus.</span> Oxyepoecus crassinodus'' Kempf, 1974b: 482, figs. 2, 8, 15, 21 (w.) BRAZIL.<br />
<br />
<!--Un-comment this template when adding type specimen data<br />
===Type Material===<br />
*{{TypeSpecimen<br />
|publishedname=<br />
|status=<br />
|statuspublication=<br />
|material=<br />
|locality=<br />
|country=Brazil<br />
|coordinates={{Inline coordinates|||0|NS|||0|EW}} COMMENT OUT IF UNKNOWN<br />
|collector=<br />
|collectiondate=<br />
|specimenidentifier=<br />
|institution=<br />
|notes=<br />
}}<br />
--><br />
{{nomenplus}}<br />
<br />
[[File:Kempf 1974 oxyepoecus fig. 1-10.jpg|300px|border|left]] <br />
<br />
===Description===<br />
====Worker====<br />
(holotype). Total length 2.7 (2.6) mm; head length 0.68 (0.64) mm; head width 0.55 (0.52) mm; scape length 0.41 (0.39) mm; maximum diameter of eyes 0.09 (0.08) mm; Weber's length of thorax 0.76 (0.70) mm; maximum width of pronotum 0.40 (0.37) mm; hind femur length 0.44 (0.43) mm; petiole width 0.20; postpetiole width 0.28 (0.31) mm; cephalic index 80 (82). Reddish brown; mandibles, legs, antennal club lighter, yellowish brown. Integument smooth and shining except for certain finely costulate portion on frons of head, basal face of propodeum and sides of thorax to be pointed out below. Hairs moderately abundant, standing on body, oblique on mandibles, antennae and legs; on head, besides the erect hairs on dorsum, also shorter, reclined hairs, curved obliquely mesad on front and vertex, forward on sides; fine pubescence present only on antennal club, coxae and tarsomeres. <br />
<br />
[[File:Kempf 1974 Oxyepoecus fig 11-22.jpg|300px|border|right]] Head. Mandibles triangular, not strikingly elongate, basal border scarcely longer than chewing border, basal tooth separated from the remaining teeth by a deeper cleft. Median apron of clypeus very strongly projecting forward between two strong (but weaker than in inquilinus) carinae, which form anteriorly a protruding and pointed tooth, each flanked laterally and somewhat below by another small, somewhat lobate denticle. Frontal area impressed, indistinctly delimited. Frontal carinae short, moderately expanded laterad, straight, parallel, terminating in front of level of anterior orbit of eyes, the distance between their outer edges (interfrontal width) conspicuously less than one third of head width, bearing dorsally a few fine costulae which diverge obliquely laterad above eyes and extend caudad beyond the level of the posterior orbit of eyes, but do not attain the occiput; the two patclies of costulae separated by a smooth median stripe on frons and vertex. Cheeks longitudinally costulate in front of eyes. The latter comparatively small, moderately convex, with about 5-6 facets in a row across the greatest diameter, the total number of ommatidia not exceeding 20. Antennal scape not reaching the occipital corner by a distance which surpasses its maximum width, when laid back over the head. Funicular segment I longer than both VIII and IX taken individually, as long a II-V combined; segments II-VII distinctly broader than long, VIII and IX not longer than broad. <br />
<br />
Thorax. Promesonotum immarginate in front, dorsal disc transversely gently vaulted, passing through a narrow curvature to the slightly excavate laterotergite of pronotum; shoulders scarcely marked, neither subdentate nor tuberculate. Metanotal groove deeply impressed, forming a visible notch in profile, metanotal suture indicated. Promesonotum entirely smooth, with a few short longitudinal costulae on posterior half of mesonotum, starting from the metanotal suture forward. Mesopleura covered with fine, horizontal costulae, slanting downward posteriorly. Basal face of propodeum transversely costulate, 10-15 costulae fine, continuing obliquely downward and forward on sides of propodeum; the last dorsal costa between the small propodeal teeth not particularly prominent; declivous face smooth and shining, laterally sharply marginate, with at least two vestigial transverse costulae on upper half. Lower half of thorax posteriorly densely and horizontaly cosiulate, the costulae extending over the bulla of the metasternal gland. <br />
<br />
Petiole strongly pedunculate, node thick and dorsally convex in both directions, antero-posteriorly scarcely compressed, much narrower than postpetiolc in dorsal view; subpetiolar process low, forming a sagittal keel terminating in front in a small tooth. Postpetiole very broad and scalelike, antero-posteriorly compressed, not as high as petiole, its posterior face with a few faint transverse costulae. Gaster slightly excised, smooth and shining above and below. <br />
<br />
===Type Material===<br />
Types. 6 workers, as follows: Brazil, Paraná State, Bocaiuva do Sul, XII-1963, F. Plaumann leg. 5 workers (WWK 8108, holotype and paratypes); Santa Catarina State, Nova Teutônia, Município de Seara, XII-1958, F. Plaumann leg. 1 worker (WWK 8308, paratype). All specimens taken as strays in sifted leaf-mold.<br />
<br />
==References==<br />
*Albuquerque, N. L. d. and C. R. F. Brandão. 2009. A revision of the Neotropical Solenopsidini ant genus Oxyepoecus Santschi, 1926 (Hymenoptera: Formicidae: Myrmicinae): 2. Final. Key for species and revision of the Rastratus species-group. Papéis Avulsos de Zoologia (São Paulo). 49:289-309.<br />
*Albuquerque, N. L.; Brandão, C. R. F. 2004. A revision of the Neotropical Solenopsidini ant genus Oxyepoecus Santschi, 1926 (Hymenoptera: Formicidae: Myrmicinae). 1. The vezenyii species-group. Papeis Avulsos de Zoologia (Sao Paulo) 44(4): 55-80<br />
*[[Media:de Albuquerque, N.L., Brandao, C.R.F. 2004. A revision of the Neotropical Solenopsidini ant genus Oxyepoecus. 1. The Vezenyii species-group (10.1590@S0031-10492004000400001).pdf|Albuquerque, N.L.d., Brandão, C.R.F. 2004. A revision of the Neotropical Solenopsidini ant genus ''Oxyepoecus'' Santschi, 1926 (Hymenoptera: Formicidae: Myrmicinae). 1. The ''Vezenyii'' species-group. Papéis Avulsos de Zoologia (São Paulo). 44: 55-80]] ({{doi|10.1590/S0031-10492004000400001}}).<br />
*Kempf, W. W. 1974b. A review of the Neotropical ant genus Oxyepoecus Santschi (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). Stud. Entomol. 17: 471-512 (page 482, figs. 2, 8, 15, 21 worker described)<br />
<br />
==References based on [https://benoitguenard.wordpress.com/gabi-articles/ Global Ant Biodiversity Informatics]==<br />
*Albuquerque N. L. and Brandão, C. R. F. 2004. A revision of the Neotropical Solenopsidini ant genus Oxyepoecus Santschi, 1926 (Hymenoptera: Formicidae: Myrmicinae). 1. The Vezenyii species-group. Papeis Avulsos de Zoologia (São Paulo) 44: 55-80.<br />
*Albuquerque, N.L. and C.R.F. Brandao. 2009. A revision of the Neotropical Solenopsidini ant genus Oxyepoecus Santschi, 1926 (Hymenoptera: Formicidae: Myrmicinae): 2. Final. Key for species and revision of the Rastratus species-group. Papéis Avulsos de Zoologia (São Paulo) 49(23): 289-309.<br />
*Brandao, C.R.F. 1991. Adendos ao catalogo abreviado das formigas da regiao neotropical (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). Rev. Bras. Entomol. 35: 319-412.<br />
*Favretto M. A., E. Bortolon dos Santos, and C. J. Geuster. 2013. Entomofauna from West of Santa Catarina State, South of Brazil. EntomoBrasilis 6 (1): 42-63.<br />
*Kempf W. W. 1974. A review of the Neotropical ant genus Oxyepoecus Santschi (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). Studia Entomologica 17: 471-512.<br />
*Rosa da Silva R. 1999. Formigas (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) do oeste de Santa Catarina: historico das coletas e lista atualizada das especies do Estado de Santa Catarina. Biotemas 12(2): 75-100.<br />
*Rosumek, F.B., M.A. Ulyssea, B.C. Lopes, J. Steiner. 2008. Formigas de solo e de bromélias em uma área de Mata Atlântica, Ilha de Santa Catarina, sul do Brasil: Levantamento de espécies e novos registros. Revista Biotemas 21(4):81-89.<br />
*Silva R.R., and C. R. F. Brandao. 2014. Ecosystem-Wide Morphological Structure of Leaf-Litter Ant Communities along a Tropical Latitudinal Gradient. PLoSONE 9(3): e93049. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0093049<br />
*Ulyssea M. A., C. R. F. Brandao. 2013. Catalogue of Dacetini and Solenopsidini ant type specimens (Hymenoptera, Formicidae, Myrmicinae) deposited in the Museu de Zoologia da Universidade de Sao Paulo, Brazil. Papies Avulsos de Zoologia 53(14): 187-209.<br />
<br />
[[category:Species]]<br />
[[category:Extant species]]<br />
[[category:Formicidae]][[category:Myrmicinae]][[category:Solenopsidini]][[category:Oxyepoecus]][[category:Oxyepoecus crassinodus]]<br />
[[category:Myrmicinae species]][[category:Solenopsidini species]][[category:Oxyepoecus species|crassinodus]]<br />
[[category:Need Images]]</div>SShattuckhttps://antwiki.org/wiki/index.php?title=Oxyepoecus_bruchi&diff=709191Oxyepoecus bruchi2024-03-27T04:58:24Z<p>SShattuck: Add reference from PDF.</p>
<hr />
<div>{{Italic title}}<br />
{{Taxobox<br />
|name = ''Oxyepoecus bruchi''<br />
|image = Oxyepoecus bruchi casent0178098 head 1.jpg<br />
|image_width = {{width}}<br />
|status = VU<br />
|status_system = IUCN2.3<br />
|regnum = [[Animal]]ia<br />
|phylum = [[Arthropod]]a<br />
|classis = [[Insect]]a<br />
|ordo = [[Hymenoptera]]<br />
|familia = [[Formicidae]]<br />
|subfamilia = [[Myrmicinae]]<br />
|tribus = [[Solenopsidini]]<br />
|genus = ''[[Oxyepoecus]]''<br />
|species = '''''O. bruchi'''''<br />
|binomial = ''Oxyepoecus bruchi''<br />
|binomial_authority = Santschi, 1926<br />
[[File:Oxyepoecus bruchi casent0178098 profile 1.jpg|{{width}}]]<br />
<br />
[[File:Oxyepoecus bruchi casent0178098 dorsal 1.jpg|{{width}}]]<br />
<br />
[[:File:Oxyepoecus bruchi casent0178098 label 1.jpg|Specimen Label]]<br />
|synonyms =<br />
*''[[Martia minuta]]'' Kusnezov, 1952<br />
}}<br />
<br />
This ant has only been found living within ''Pheidole'' ant colonies.<br />
<br />
==Identification==<br />
Albuquerque and Brandao (2004) - The exclusive character of the workers of ''O. bruchi'' is the very elongate anterior portion of the subpetiolar process, compared to the posterior portion, more than twice longer. The gyne runs near those of ''[[Oxyepoecus vezenyii]]'' in Kempf ’s (1974) key, however it is quite different by the smaller eyes, the pronotum, which is not entirely declivous in the middle, and the relatively small mesonotum in the latter.<br />
<br />
The gyne runs near those of ''[[Oxyepoecus vezenyii]]'' in Kempf ’s (1974) key, however it is quite different by the smaller eyes, the pronotum, which is not entirely declivous in the middle, and the relatively small mesonotum in the latter.<br />
<br />
{{Species identification keys}}<br />
<br />
==Distribution==<br />
Known from Argentina (Cordoba, Tucuman), Brazil (Santa Catarina) and Paraguay (Central).<br />
<br />
{{Latitudinal Distribution<br />
|north_latitude_limit=-21<br />
|south_latitude_limit=-31.657<br />
|north_temperate=<br />
|north_subtropical=<br />
|tropical=yes<br />
|south_subtropical=yes<br />
|south_temperate=<br />
|source =[https://antmaps.org AntMaps]<br />
|notes =<br />
}}<br />
<!--DO NOT EDIT THIS TEXT. To update this list add or remove taxa from individual regional taxon list pages.--><br />
===Distribution based on [[:Category:Regional Taxon List|Regional Taxon Lists]]===<br />
'''[[:Category:Neotropical Region|Neotropical Region]]''': [[Argentina]] {{SmallFont|([[type locality]])}}, [[Paraguay]].<br /><br />
<!--END OF DISTRIBUTION LIST--><br />
{{AntMapsMap}}<br />
{{Countries Occupied|count=2}}<br />
{{Estimated Abundance|count=33}}<br />
<br />
==Biology==<br />
Queens and workers of this species have been found in nests of 3 different ''Pheidole'' species (see the nomenclature section for more details). It is not know if ''Oxyepoecus bruchi'' can exist as a free-living species or what type of relationship exists between this ant and its ''Pheidole'' hosts.<br />
{{Explore|title=Overview of ''Oxyepoecus'' biology|text={{Overview/Oxyepoecus}} }}<br />
<br />
==Castes==<br />
Males have not been collected.<br />
<br />
==Nomenclature==<br />
{{Nomenclature}}<br />
*''<span style='color:red;font-weight:bold;'>bruchi.</span> Oxyepoecus bruchi'' Santschi, 1926d: 6, figs. A-D (q.) ARGENTINA. Santschi, 1929d: 295 (w.). Combination in ''Mitara'': Santschi, 1927d: 246; in ''Martia'': Santschi, 1929d: 295; in ''Oxyepoecus'': Ettershank, 1966: 146. Senior synonym of ''minuta'': Kempf, 1974b: 478.<br />
*''minuta. Martia minuta'' Kusnezov, 1952h: 721 (diagnosis in key) (w.) ARGENTINA. Combination in ''Oxyepoecus'': Ettershank, 1966: 146. Junior synonym of ''bruchi'': Kempf, 1974b: 478.<br />
<br />
{{nomenplus}}<br />
<br />
Kempf (1974) - This species was originally proposed on a series of dealate females found in a nest of ''[[Pheidole obtusopilosa]]''. Only later, Santschi discovered among alcohol material of the same ''Pheidole'' (whether or not from the same colony that had yielded the females, is not stated) the worker, represented by a single specimen which is redescribed above. This specimen confirmed my previous suspicion that ''minutus'' Kusnezov (nov. syn.) is its juniors synonym. <br />
<br />
[[File:Kempf 1974 Oxyepoecus bruchi fig 43-46.jpg|300px|border|right]] In fact, the workers of the type series of ''minutus'' are likewise extremely close to ''[[Oxyepoecus vezenyii]]'', as already pointed out for the ''bruchi'' worker by Santschi (1929: 295), being distinctive by precisely the same characters already mentioned in the preceding worker diagnosis of ''bruchi''. The ''minutus'' series is of slightly, yet not significantly smaller size, as indicated by their critical measurements: Total length. 2.1-2.2 mm; head length 0.33-0.36 mm; head width 0.43-0.44 mm; scape length 0.31-0.32 mm; maximum diameter of eyes 0.08 mm; Weber's length of thorax 0.57-0.61 mm; maximum width of pronotum 0.29-0.32 mm; hind femur length 0.33-0.36 mm; petiole width 0.17-0.19 mm; postpetiole width 0.24-0.25 mm. <br />
<br />
Although the only known queen of ''vezenyii'' is remarkably distinct from that of ''bruchi''; it must be said that the more striking differences consist in features (small eyes, a workerlike pronotum which is not entirely declivous in the middle, the relatively small mesonotum, the complete lack of wings) derived from the fact that the former is partly ergatomorphic, in short an ergatogyne. (Wilson, 1971: 138). Aside from these characters based on caste development, the real specific character differences are very subtle and consist, for ''bruchi'', in the shorter, subtriangular mandibles, the more extensively sculptured frons and vertex of head, the costulate patches being only narrowly separate, the narrower petiolar node whose width does not exceed the distance between the tips of the propodeal teeth, the anterior subpostpetiolar process which is unusually prominent and bidentate. <br />
<br />
The ''bruchi'' queen, according to size and general aspect, is also close to ''plaumanni'', differing principally in the smooth sagittal stripe across the sculptured vertex of head, the extremely feebly developed transverse costulae on basal face of propodeum, the much more antero-posteriorly compressed and laterally expanded petiolar node, the transversely costulate posterior face of postpetiole, and the prominent, bidentate subpostpetiolar process. <br />
<br />
The newly proposed synonymy shows that ''bruchi'', as an inquilinous ant, is not host-specific, having been found with both ''[[Pheidole obtusopilosa]]'' and ''[[Pheidole silvestrii]]'', two quite discrepant species. <br />
<br />
<!--Un-comment this template when adding type specimen data<br />
===Type Material===<br />
*{{TypeSpecimen<br />
|publishedname=<br />
|status=<br />
|statuspublication=<br />
|material=<br />
|locality=<br />
|country=Argentina<br />
|coordinates={{Inline coordinates|||0|NS|||0|EW}} COMMENT OUT IF UNKNOWN<br />
|collector=<br />
|collectiondate=<br />
|specimenidentifier=<br />
|institution=<br />
|notes=<br />
}}<br />
<br />
--><br />
===Description===<br />
====Worker====<br />
Kempf (1974) - (nidotype or paralectotype?). Total length 2.3 mm; head length 0.57 mm; head width 0.47 mm (cephalic index 81); scape length 0.35 mm; maximum diameter of eyes 0.09 mm; Weber's length of thorax 0.63 mm; maximum width of pronotum 0.36 mm; hind femur length 0.36 mm; petiole width 0.20 mm; postpetiole width 0.28 mm. Extremely close to vezenyii (q. v.) differing substantially only in the shorter, subtriangular mandibles, the more extensively sculptured head, the slightly smaller eyes with approximately 15 ommatidia, the slightly narrower petiolar node, and above all, the very prominent, bifid anterior subpostpetiolar process. <br />
<br />
====Queen====<br />
Kempf (1974) - (lectotype). Total length 2.5 (2.4) mm; head length 0.60 (0.59) mm; head width 0.48 (0.51) mm; scape length 0.35 mm; maximum diameter of eyes 0.13 (0.12) mm; Weber's length of thorax 0.76 (0.73) mm; maximum width of pronotum 0.42 (0.44) mm; hind femur length 0.40; petiole width 0.23 (0.24) mm; postpetiole width 0.29 (0.32) mm; cephalic index 80 (87). Color (specimens faded) reddish brown, anterior portion of head, mandibles, sides of thorax lighter; antennae and legs ochraceous. Integument smooth and shining except [[File:Kempf 1974 Oxyepoecus fig 31-37.jpg|250px|border|left]] for the following: frons with a narrow smooth stripe separating two patches of fine, longitudinal rugulae which fade out at level of ocelli, not attaining posteriorly the occipital border in full-face view, nor laterally the upper orbit of eyes; cheeks finely costate rugose, rugae attaining anterior orbit of eyes. Pronotum shining, the dorsum finely yet indistinctly and obliquely costulate, the sides smooth. Scutum smooth and shining. Scutellum shining with superficial and weak longitudinal costulae. Basal face of propodeum shining and rather smooth, transverse costulae widely spaced and at best vestigial, practically absent. Upper posterior corner of catepisternum of mesothorax with a few horizontal costulae that continue caudad on sides of metapleura over the bulla of metasternal gland. Hairs abundant, standing on dorsum of thorax, on petiole, potpetiole and on gaster, shorter and inclined on head and appendages. <br />
<br />
Head in full-face view with lateral and occipital borders scarcely convex, occipital corners broadly rounded. Mandibles subtriangular; chewing border subequal in length to basal border; basal tooth as strong as subbasal tooth, not separated from the latter by a deep cleft nor by an exceptionally broad diastema. Median apron of clypeus raised and protruding in front, laterally margined by a pair of carinae that converge caudad and terminate cephalad in the form of a prominent pointed tooth, flanked lateraIly by a small and rather blunt denticle. Frontal area impressed, smooth and shining. Frontal carinae mostly subparallel, short, terminating posteriorly at level of anterior orbit of eyes; the distance between their outer edges distinctly less than one third of head width as measured behind eyes. Compound eyes slightly convex, with over 10 facets (11-12) in a row across the greatest diameter of the eye and a total of approximately 50 ommatidia. Ocelly very small, their diameter equalling the minimum thickness of the antennal scapes. The latter, when laid back over the head as much as possible, failing to attain the occipital corner by a distance exceeding their own thickness. Funicular segment I as long as II-V combined; segments II-VII distinctly broader than long, VIII and IX about as broad as long. <br />
<br />
Thorax with marked shoulders; pronotum entirely declivous in the middle, its dorsal face anteriorly and laterally submarginate. Lateral borders of basal face and dedivous face of propodeum rather sharply marginate yet not carinate. Propodeal spines horizontal, slightly diverging caudad, the distance between their apices subequal to the maximum width of the petiolar scale. Petiole strongly pedunculate in front, with a keellike, anteriorly dentate, subpetiolar tooth; node strongly compressed antero-posteriorly, strongly expanded laterad. Postpetiole likewise compressed antero-posteriorly, slightly lower than petiole, the sides projecting laterad and downward as blunt cones; posterior face with very distinct transverse costulae; anterior subpostpetiolar process very prominent and bidentate. Gaster slightly excised in front at the postpetiolar insertion. Wings lost. <br />
<br />
===Type Material===<br />
Kempf (1974):<br />
<br />
Argentina, Cordoba : La Granja, C. Bruch leg. 3 dealate females, taken from a nest of ''Pheidole obtusopilosa'' Mayr (lectotype and 2 paralectotypes, CTB; more specimens presumably in the Santschi and Bruch collections, at Basel respectively at Buenos Aires);<br />
<br />
Argentina, Cordoba: Alta· Gracia, C . Bruch leg. 1 worker, from a nest of ''Pheidole obtusopilosa'' Mayr (type Santschi collection, {{NHMB}})<br />
<br />
Argentina, Tucuman: Quebrada Cainzo, 8-IV-1 948, N. Kusnezov leg. 7 workers (holotype and paratypes of ''Martia minula'' Kusn., IML n. 1590), found as inquilines in a nest of ''Pheidole silvestrii Emery.<br />
<br />
Albuquerque and Brandao (2004): <br />
<br />
Kempf (1974) was not clear on who designated lectotype and paralectotypes, although he cites the specimens as belonging to CTB (Coleção T. Borgmeier), suggesting he was the designator, as Borgmeier collection was incorporated to Kempf’s collection, and as far as<br />
we know, Kusnezov has never studied these specimens.<br />
<br />
Argentina: Córdoba, Sierras de Córdoba, Alta Gracia, La Granja, # 1694, C. Bruch<br />
leg. [31°39’S 64°25’W] (3 ♀ lectotype and paralectotypes); [although the label says “paratype” to the paralectotypes; the lectotype mounted with a worker of host species, Pheidole obtusopilosa; and one paralectotype incomplete, just the mesosoma left];<br />
Tucumán, Quebrada Cainzo, 8.iv.1948, N. Kusnezov # 1590 [26°53’S 65°28’W] (2 " paratypes of ''Martia minuta'').<br />
<br />
==References==<br />
*Albuquerque, N. L. d. and C. R. F. Brandão. 2009. A revision of the Neotropical Solenopsidini ant genus Oxyepoecus Santschi, 1926 (Hymenoptera: Formicidae: Myrmicinae): 2. Final. Key for species and revision of the Rastratus species-group. Papéis Avulsos de Zoologia (São Paulo). 49:289-309.<br />
*Albuquerque, N. L.; Brandão, C. R. F. 2004. A revision of the Neotropical Solenopsidini ant genus Oxyepoecus Santschi, 1926 (Hymenoptera: Formicidae: Myrmicinae). 1. The vezenyii species-group. Papeis Avulsos de Zoologia (Sao Paulo) 44(4): 55-80<br />
*[[Media:de Albuquerque, N.L., Brandao, C.R.F. 2004. A revision of the Neotropical Solenopsidini ant genus Oxyepoecus. 1. The Vezenyii species-group (10.1590@S0031-10492004000400001).pdf|Albuquerque, N.L.d., Brandão, C.R.F. 2004. A revision of the Neotropical Solenopsidini ant genus ''Oxyepoecus'' Santschi, 1926 (Hymenoptera: Formicidae: Myrmicinae). 1. The ''Vezenyii'' species-group. Papéis Avulsos de Zoologia (São Paulo). 44: 55-80]] ({{doi|10.1590/S0031-10492004000400001}}).<br />
*Ettershank, G. 1966. A generic revision of the world Myrmicinae related to Solenopsis and Pheidologeton (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). Aust. J. Zool. 14: 73-171 (page 146, Combination in Oxyepoecus)<br />
*Kempf, W. W. 1974b. A review of the Neotropical ant genus Oxyepoecus Santschi (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). Stud. Entomol. 17: 471-512 (page 478, Senior synonym of minuta)<br />
*Santschi, F. 1926d. Deux nouvelles fourmis parasites de l'Argentine. Folia Myrmecol. Termit. 1: 6-8 (page 6, figs. A-D queen described)<br />
*Santschi, F. 1927e. Révision myrmécologique. Bull. Ann. Soc. Entomol. Belg. 67: 240-248 (page 246, Combination in Mitara)<br />
*Santschi, F. 1929d. Nouvelles fourmis de la République Argentine et du Brésil. An. Soc. Cient. Argent. 107: 273-316 (page 295, worker described, Combination in Martia)<br />
<br />
==References based on [https://benoitguenard.wordpress.com/gabi-articles/ Global Ant Biodiversity Informatics]==<br />
*Albuquerque N. L. and Brandão, C. R. F. 2004. A revision of the Neotropical Solenopsidini ant genus Oxyepoecus Santschi, 1926 (Hymenoptera: Formicidae: Myrmicinae). 1. The Vezenyii species-group. Papeis Avulsos de Zoologia (São Paulo) 44: 55-80.<br />
*Albuquerque, N.L. and C.R.F. Brandao. 2009. A revision of the Neotropical Solenopsidini ant genus Oxyepoecus Santschi, 1926 (Hymenoptera: Formicidae: Myrmicinae): 2. Final. Key for species and revision of the Rastratus species-group. Papéis Avulsos de Zoologia (São Paulo) 49(23): 289-309.<br />
*Dias N. D. S., R. Zanetti, M. S. Santos, M. F. Gomes, V. Peñaflor, S. M. F. Broglio, and J. H. C. Delabie. 2012. The impact of coffee and pasture agriculture on predatory and omnivorous leaf-litter ants. Journal of Insect Science 13:29. Available online: http://www.insectscience.org/13.29<br />
*Dias N. S., R. Zanetti, M. S. Santos, J. Louzada, and J. H. C. Delabie. 2008. Interaction between forest fragments and adjacent coffee and pasture agroecosystems: responses of the ant communities (Hymenoptera, Formicidae). Iheringia, Sér. Zool., Porto Alegre, 98(1): 136-142.<br />
*Kempf, W.W. 1972. Catalago abreviado das formigas da regiao Neotropical (Hym. Formicidae) Studia Entomologica 15(1-4).<br />
*Santos M. S., J. N. C. Louzada, N. Dias, R. Zanetti, J. H. C. Delabie, and I. C. Nascimento. 2006. Litter ants richness (Hymenoptera, Formicidae) in remnants of a semi-deciduous forest in the Atlantic rain forest, Alto do Rio Grande region, Minas Gerais, Brazil. Iheringia, Sér. Zool., Porto Alegre, 96(1): 95-101.<br />
*Silva R.R., and C. R. F. Brandao. 2014. Ecosystem-Wide Morphological Structure of Leaf-Litter Ant Communities along a Tropical Latitudinal Gradient. PLoSONE 9(3): e93049. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0093049<br />
*Ulyssea M. A., C. R. F. Brandao. 2013. Catalogue of Dacetini and Solenopsidini ant type specimens (Hymenoptera, Formicidae, Myrmicinae) deposited in the Museu de Zoologia da Universidade de Sao Paulo, Brazil. Papies Avulsos de Zoologia 53(14): 187-209.<br />
*Ulyssea M.A., C. E. Cereto, F. B. Rosumek, R. R. Silva, and B. C. Lopes. 2011. Updated list of ant species (Hymenoptera, Formicidae) recorded in Santa Catarina State, southern Brazil, with a discussion of research advances and priorities. Revista Brasileira de Entomologia 55(4): 603-611.<br />
*Wild, A. L. "A catalogue of the ants of Paraguay (Hymenoptera: Formicidae)." Zootaxa 1622 (2007): 1-55.<br />
<br />
[[category:Species]]<br />
[[category:Extant species]]<br />
[[category:Formicidae]][[category:Myrmicinae]][[category:Solenopsidini]][[category:Oxyepoecus]][[category:Oxyepoecus bruchi]]<br />
[[category:Myrmicinae species]][[category:Solenopsidini species]][[category:Oxyepoecus species|bruchi]]<br />
[[category:Ssr]]<br />
[[category:IUCN Red List]]<br />
[[Category:Ssr]]</div>SShattuckhttps://antwiki.org/wiki/index.php?title=Oxyepoecus_browni&diff=709190Oxyepoecus browni2024-03-27T04:58:06Z<p>SShattuck: Add reference from PDF.</p>
<hr />
<div>{{Italic title}}<br />
{{Taxobox<br />
|name = ''Oxyepoecus browni''<br />
|image = Oxyepoecus-browni hef.jpg<br />
|image_width = {{width}}<br />
|regnum = [[Animal]]ia<br />
|phylum = [[Arthropod]]a<br />
|classis = [[Insect]]a<br />
|ordo = [[Hymenoptera]]<br />
|familia = [[Formicidae]]<br />
|subfamilia = [[Myrmicinae]]<br />
|tribus = [[Solenopsidini]]<br />
|genus = ''[[Oxyepoecus]]''<br />
|species = '''''O. browni'''''<br />
|binomial = ''Oxyepoecus browni''<br />
|binomial_authority = Albuquerque & Brandão, 2004<br />
<br />
[[File:Oxyepoecus browni hal.jpg|{{width}}]]<br />
<br />
[[File:Oxyepoecus-browni had.jpg|{{width}}]]<br />
}}<br />
<br />
''O. browni'' is known from central and northeastern Brasil. Specimens have been collected in pitfall traps and in litter samples.<br />
<br />
==Identification==<br />
Albuquerque and Brandao (2004) - The exclusive character that separates workers of ''O. browni'' is the very modified shape of the dorsal face of the very convex propodeum. <br />
<br />
''Oxyepoecus striatus'' is most similar to ''O . browni''. See the identification section of ''[[Oxyepoecus striatus]]'' for characters that can separate these two species.<br />
<br />
{{Species identification keys}}<br />
<br />
==Distribution==<br />
{{Latitudinal Distribution<br />
|north_latitude_limit=-12.96444444<br />
|south_latitude_limit=-19.073<br />
|north_temperate=<br />
|north_subtropical=<br />
|tropical=yes<br />
|south_subtropical=<br />
|south_temperate=<br />
|source =[https://antmaps.org AntMaps]<br />
|notes =<br />
}}<br />
<!--DO NOT EDIT THIS TEXT. To update this list add or remove taxa from individual regional taxon list pages.--><br />
===Distribution based on [[:Category:Regional Taxon List|Regional Taxon Lists]]===<br />
'''[[:Category:Neotropical Region|Neotropical Region]]''': [[Brazil]] {{SmallFont|([[type locality]])}}.<br /><br />
<!--END OF DISTRIBUTION LIST--><br />
{{AntMapsMap}}<br />
{{Countries Occupied|count=1}}<br />
{{Estimated Abundance|count=16}}<br />
<br />
==Biology==<br />
{{Explore|title=Overview of ''Oxyepoecus'' biology|text={{Overview/Oxyepoecus}} }}<br />
<br />
==Castes==<br />
;Queen<br />
{{SpecimenImage<br />
|file1=Ulyssea-Brandao-2012-5Oxyepoecus-browniQ hef.jpg<br />
|file2=Ulyssea-Brandao-2012-5Oxyepoecus-browniQ-hal.jpg<br />
|file3=Ulyssea-Brandao-2012-5Oxyepoecus-browniQ-had.jpg<br />
|antwebimage=<br />
|ownedby=<br />
|specimencode=<br />
|photographer=<br />
|photographerid=<br />
|uploader=<br />
|uploaderid=<br />
|caste=<br />
|subcaste=<br />
|typestatus=<br />
}}<br />
<br />
==Nomenclature==<br />
{{Nomenclature}}<br />
*''<span style='color:red;font-weight:bold;'>browni.</span> Oxyepoecus browni'' Albuquerque & Brandão, 2004: 60, figs. 1a-c (w.) BRAZIL. Ulysséa & Brandão, 2012: 172 (q.).<br />
{{nomenplus}}<br />
<br />
===Description===<br />
====Worker====<br />
Holotype, paratype within brackets t.l.= 2.29 (2.62); h.l.= 0.57 (0.58); h.w.= 0.46 (0.49); s.l.= 0.31 (0.40); m.l.e.= 0.09 (0.10); m.w.pr.= 0.42 (0.41); a.l.= 0.63 (0.74); h.f.l.= 0.38 (0.49); m.w.p.= 0.25 (0.32); m.w.pp.= 0.31 (0.34); c.i. 81 (84). Color reddish ferruginous. Integument smooth and shining, with the following exceptions: some moderately coarse costulae between the frontal carinae, obliquely prolonged caudad, surpassing the level of the superior margins of the compound eyes where the costulae become faint to vestigial, not reaching the occiput; the two patches of costulae separated by a smooth stripe; genae with few longitudinal rugae that do not reach the inferior orbit of the compound eyes; promesonotum with superficial, fine, and longitudinal costulae on disc, specially near the shoulders, reaching the sides of mesonotum; dorsal face of the propodeum with 10-12 transverse well marked costulae; meso and metapleuron covered by longitudinal irregular costulae, the costulae prolonged over the metapleural gland region. Hairs moderately abundant, short to long, suberect on head, dorsum of mesosoma, petiole, postpetiole and gaster; subdecumbent hairs also present on head disc; most hairs inclined mesad dorsally on discs, forwards on the sides; decumbent on the mandibles.<br />
<br />
Head; mandibles elongate with a broad and relatively shallow diastema between the basal and subbasal tooth. Anterior teeth of the clypeus directed inwards with lateral external lobe-like denticles. Frontal carinae gently convex over the antennal sockets, posteriorly and obliquely prolonged laterad, the maximum width between their outer edges always less than one fourth of the head width. Compound eyes with 5-7 facets r.g.d., which is less than the distance between the anterior orbit and the mandibular insertion; total number of ommatidia not exceeding 20. Antennal scape failing to reach the occipital corner by a distance less than the scape maximum thickness. Funicular segment I longer than II-IV combined, segments II-VII distinctly broader than long, VIII and IX as long as broad.<br />
<br />
Mesosoma. Dorsal disc of pronotum elevated and marginate, with the dorsal surface separated from the sides by well marked angles. Margination continuous until the metanotal groove. Metanotal groove shallowly to not at all impressed; distinct by a break in the sculpture before the transverse costulae of the propodeum (d.v.). Dorsal face of the propodeum immarginate on sides, curved and convex as seen from the side; posteriorly with two obliquely pointed and very small teeth. Small declivous face well marginate and carinate laterally.<br />
<br />
Petiole, node high and convex, antero-posteriorly compressed and laterally expanded in a scalelike fashion (d.v.); subpetiolar process with the shape of a sinoidal curve in profile, in the form of a shallow sagital keel, with an anterior small blunt tooth pointing obliquely forwards (p.v.). The postpetiole is broad, a little broader than the petiole (d.v.); subpostpetiolar process in the shape of two parallel crests which when seen from the side appear as distinct swellings, with the two crests of equivalent size.<br />
<br />
====Queen====<br />
Ulysséa & Brandão (2012) - (dealate, N = 2): c.t. = 2.56‑2.57, l.c. = 0.48‑0.47, c.c. = 0.50‑0.52, c.o. = 0.16‑0.16, c.e. = 0.34‑0.34, c.m. = 0.16‑0.14, w.l. = 0.78‑0.78, m.w.pr. = 0.41‑0.41, m.w.p. = 0.27‑0.23, m.w.p.p. = 0.33‑0.31, h.f.l. = 0.41‑0.41, c.i. = 96‑90.38.<br />
<br />
Resembling the con-specific worker with the modifications appropriate to the caste. Body color dark brown; mandibles, antennae, legs and posterior extremity of gaster yellowish. Integument, when observed under the stereomicroscope, smooth and shining, with the exceptions of frontal carinae with has regular and sub-parallel longitudinal costulae reaching the ocelli; these carinae diverge posteriorly separated by a smooth median region; genae with few longitudinal rugae that reaches the inferior margin of the compound eyes; promesonotum with superficial, fine and longitudinal costulae; scutellum with few fine and longitudinal rugae; propodeum with well marked transversal costulae, regularly and sub-parallel; metapleuron covered by longitudinal irregular costulae, the costulae prolonged over the metapleural gland region.<br />
<br />
Hairs moderately abundant, long, suberect to subdecumbent with varied orientation on head, mesosoma, petiole, postpetiole and gaster; antennae and legs with short and decumbent hairs. <br />
<br />
Head with relatively elongate mandibles, basal tooth not separated from the sub-basal by a broad or a relatively shallow diastema; frontal carinae gently convex over the antennal sockets, short and not surpassing the level of the superior margins of the compound eyes, prolonged posteriorly but diverging caudad – the maximum width between their outer edges always less than one fourth of the head width; compound eyes with about 11‑13 ommatidia in a row across the greatest diameter, length of compound eyes bigger than those of the workers, greater than the distance between the inferior margin of compound eye and the mandibular insertion; the three ocelli with similar size, their diameter equal to minimum antennal scape width; funicular segment I longer than II‑V together, segments II‑VIII combined, distinctly broader than long and segments IX and X longer than broad.<br />
<br />
Mesosoma with promesonotum marginated laterally; scutum shining; propodeum with a well marked angle between the dorsal and slope faces in lateral view.<br />
<br />
Petiolar node higher than that of the postpetiolar node, compressed antero-posteriorly and little expanded laterally; in lateral view, subpetiolar process with the shape of a sinusoid curve, with an expansion in the anterior extremity similar to a keel. Postpetiolar node broader than long, compressed antero-posteriorly and with a conspicuous subpostpetiolar process.<br />
<br />
===Type Material===<br />
Holotype worker, Brasil: Minas Gerais: Atalaia [18°03’S 41°06’W], 27.i.[19]94, I[van] Cardoso col., deposited in {{MZSP}} (coated with gold for SEM examination). Paratype: same data as holotype, deposited in {{CEPEC}} (coated with gold for SEM examination).<br />
<br />
===Etymology===<br />
In memory of the late myrmecologist William (Bill) L. Brown Jr.<br />
<!--Un-comment this template when adding type specimen data<br />
===Type Material===<br />
*{{TypeSpecimen<br />
|publishedname=<br />
|status=<br />
|statuspublication=<br />
|material=<br />
|locality=<br />
|country=Brazil<br />
|coordinates={{Inline coordinates|||0|NS|||0|EW}} COMMENT OUT IF UNKNOWN<br />
|collector=<br />
|collectiondate=<br />
|specimenidentifier=<br />
|institution=<br />
|notes=<br />
}}<br />
--><br />
<br />
==References==<br />
*Albuquerque, N. L. d. and C. R. F. Brandão. 2004. A revision of the Neotropical Solenopsidini ant genus Oxyepoecus Santschi, 1926 (Hymenoptera: Formicidae: Myrmicinae). 1. The Vezenyii species-group. Papéis Avulsos de Zoologia (São Paulo). 44:55-80. DOI: [http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/S0031-10492004000400001 10.1590/S0031-10492004000400001]<br />
*Albuquerque, N. L. d. and C. R. F. Brandão. 2009. A revision of the Neotropical Solenopsidini ant genus Oxyepoecus Santschi, 1926 (Hymenoptera: Formicidae: Myrmicinae): 2. Final. Key for species and revision of the Rastratus species-group. Papéis Avulsos de Zoologia (São Paulo). 49:289-309.<br />
*[[Media:de Albuquerque, N.L., Brandao, C.R.F. 2004. A revision of the Neotropical Solenopsidini ant genus Oxyepoecus. 1. The Vezenyii species-group (10.1590@S0031-10492004000400001).pdf|Albuquerque, N.L.d., Brandão, C.R.F. 2004. A revision of the Neotropical Solenopsidini ant genus ''Oxyepoecus'' Santschi, 1926 (Hymenoptera: Formicidae: Myrmicinae). 1. The ''Vezenyii'' species-group. Papéis Avulsos de Zoologia (São Paulo). 44: 55-80]] ({{doi|10.1590/S0031-10492004000400001}}).<br />
*[[Media:Ulyssea Brandao 2012.pdf|Ulysséa, M.A. & Brandão, C.R.F. 2012. A new ant species of ''Oxyepoecus'' (Hymenoptera: Formicidae: Myrmicinae), with the description of ''Oxyepoecus browni'' gyne and new records for the genus. Papeis Avulsos de Zoologia 52, 167-173.]]<br />
*[[Media:Ulysséa, M.A., Brandão, C.R.F. 2013. Ant species from the seasonally dry tropical forest of northeastern Brazil (10.1590@S0085-56262013005000002).pdf|Ulysséa, M.A., Brandão, C.R.F. 2013. Ant species (Hymenoptera, Formicidae) from the seasonally dry tropical forest of northeastern Brazil: a compilation from field surveys in Bahia and literature records. Revista Brasileira de Entomologia 57, 217–224]] ({{doi|10.1590/s0085-56262013005000002}}).<br />
<br />
==References based on [https://benoitguenard.wordpress.com/gabi-articles/ Global Ant Biodiversity Informatics]==<br />
*Albuquerque N. L. and Brandão, C. R. F. 2004. A revision of the Neotropical Solenopsidini ant genus Oxyepoecus Santschi, 1926 (Hymenoptera: Formicidae: Myrmicinae). 1. The Vezenyii species-group. Papeis Avulsos de Zoologia (São Paulo) 44: 55-80.<br />
*Silva R.R., and C. R. F. Brandao. 2014. Ecosystem-Wide Morphological Structure of Leaf-Litter Ant Communities along a Tropical Latitudinal Gradient. PLoSONE 9(3): e93049. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0093049<br />
*Ulyssea M. A., C. R. F. Brandao. 2013. Catalogue of Dacetini and Solenopsidini ant type specimens (Hymenoptera, Formicidae, Myrmicinae) deposited in the Museu de Zoologia da Universidade de Sao Paulo, Brazil. Papies Avulsos de Zoologia 53(14): 187-209.<br />
*Ulyssea M. A., and C. R. F. Brandao. 2012. A new ant species of Oxyepoecus (Hymenoptera: Formicida: Myrmicinae), with the description of Oxyepoecus browni gyne and new records for the genus. Papeis Avulsos de Zoologia 52(14): 167-173.<br />
<br />
[[category:Species]]<br />
[[category:Extant species]]<br />
[[category:Formicidae]][[category:Myrmicinae]][[category:Solenopsidini]][[category:Oxyepoecus]][[category:Oxyepoecus browni]]<br />
[[category:Myrmicinae species]][[category:Solenopsidini species]][[category:Oxyepoecus species|browni]]<br />
[[Category:Ssr]]</div>SShattuckhttps://antwiki.org/wiki/index.php?title=Megalomyrmex_drifti&diff=709189Megalomyrmex drifti2024-03-27T04:57:31Z<p>SShattuck: Add reference from PDF.</p>
<hr />
<div>{{Italic title}}<br />
{{Taxobox<br />
|name = ''Megalomyrmex drifti''<br />
|image = Megalomyrmex drifti casent0173974 head 1.jpg<br />
|image_width = {{width}}<br />
|regnum = [[Animal]]ia<br />
|phylum = [[Arthropod]]a<br />
|classis = [[Insect]]a<br />
|ordo = [[Hymenoptera]]<br />
|familia = [[Formicidae]]<br />
|subfamilia = [[Myrmicinae]]<br />
|tribus = [[Solenopsidini]]<br />
|genus = ''[[Megalomyrmex]]''<br />
|species_group = ''pusillus''<br />
|species = '''''M. drifti'''''<br />
|binomial = ''Megalomyrmex drifti''<br />
|binomial_authority = Kempf, 1961<br />
----<br />
[[File:Megalomyrmex drifti casent0173974 profile 1.jpg|{{width}}]]<br />
<br />
[[File:Megalomyrmex drifti casent0173974 dorsal 1.jpg|{{width}}]]<br />
<br />
[[:File:Megalomyrmex drifti casent0173974 label 1.jpg|Specimen labels]]|Specimen labels<br />
}}<br />
Boudinot et al. (2013) - ''Megalomyrmex drifti'' is a small leaf-litter nesting species which have been collected in twigs and leaves (Longino 2010; T. McGlynn pers. comm.) as well as in many leaf litter sifting collections (Brandão 1990; Kempf 1970; Longino 2010; herein). These observations, although attributed to ''M. drifti'', likely apply to or are of other species in the ''drifti'' complex.<br />
<br />
==Identification==<br />
Boudinot et al. (2013) - Uniquely identified among Central American ''Megalomyrmex'' by the following combination: (1) basal and masticatory margins indistinct; (2) small (ML < 1.0 mm); (3) disc of katepisternum smooth and shining; (4) occipital carina obscured by vertex in full-face view; (5) eye normally-developed and relatively close to lateral clypeal margin (EL > 0.10 mm, OMI < 60); (6) scape relatively short (SI < 85). Queen Similarly identifiable as worker, alate.<br />
<br />
{{Species identification keys}}<br />
<br />
==Distribution==<br />
''Megalomyrmex drifti'', as now delimited, is known in Central America from sea-level to mid-elevation (750 m) wet forests. <br />
<br />
{{Latitudinal Distribution<br />
|north_latitude_limit=23.718425<br />
|south_latitude_limit=-64.23<br />
|north_temperate=<br />
|north_subtropical=yes<br />
|tropical=yes<br />
|south_subtropical=yes<br />
|south_temperate=yes<br />
|source =[https://antmaps.org AntMaps]<br />
|notes =<br />
}}<br />
<!--DO NOT EDIT THIS TEXT. To update this list add or remove taxa from individual regional taxon list pages.--><br />
===Distribution based on [[:Category:Regional Taxon List|Regional Taxon Lists]]===<br />
'''[[:Category:Neotropical Region|Neotropical Region]]''': [[Argentina]], [[Brazil]], [[Colombia]], [[Costa Rica]], [[Ecuador]], [[French Guiana]], [[Guatemala]], [[Guyana]], [[Honduras]], [[Mexico]], [[Nicaragua]], [[Panama]], [[Paraguay]], [[Peru]], [[Suriname]] {{SmallFont|([[type locality]])}}, [[Trinidad and Tobago]], [[Venezuela]].<br /><br />
<!--END OF DISTRIBUTION LIST--><br />
{{AntMapsMap}}<br />
{{Countries Occupied|count=17}}<br />
{{Estimated Abundance|count=384}}<br />
<br />
<br />
==Biology==<br />
This species occurs in moist to wet forest habitats, in mature and second growth forest. Most collections are from below 600 m elevation, but collections from 1500 m cloud forest are known. Workers and occasionally queens are moderately abundant in Winkler samples of sifted litter. In Costa Rican wet forest I found a nest in a dead stick in the leaf litter; it contained abundant workers, brood, alate queens, and males. The collection was made on 9 November 2002, the height of the wet season.<br />
<br />
==Castes==<br />
===Worker===<br />
====Images from [https://www.antweb.org AntWeb]====<br />
{{SpecimenImage<br />
|file1=Megalomyrmex drifti casent0178670 head 1.jpg<br />
|file2=Megalomyrmex drifti casent0178670 profile 1.jpg<br />
|file3=Megalomyrmex drifti casent0178670 dorsal 1.jpg<br />
|file4=Megalomyrmex drifti casent0178670 label 1.jpg<br />
|antwebimage=yes<br />
|ownedby=MIZA, Maracay, Venezuela<br />
|specimencode=casent0178670<br />
|photographer=April Nobile<br />
|photographerid=69<br />
|uploader=California Academy of Sciences<br />
|uploaderid=1<br />
|caste=worker<br />
|subcaste=<br />
|typestatus=<br />
}}<br />
<br />
==Nomenclature==<br />
{{Nomenclature}}<br />
*''{{RedText|drifti}}. Megalomyrmex drifti'' Kempf, 1961b: 504, figs. 9-11 (w.q.) SURINAME.<br />
**Type-material: holotype worker, 12 paratype workers, 1 paratype queen.<br />
**Type-locality: holotype Suriname: Dirkshoop, experimental citrus garden 40 km. W Paramaribo, x.1959 (''J. van der Drift''); paratypes with same data.<br />
**Type-depositories: MZSP (holotype); MCZC, MZSP (paratypes).<br />
**[Note: Brandão, 1990b: 448 comments that 5 paratypes are “probably at the J. van der Drift collection”, the location of which is not known to me.]<br />
**Brandão, 1990b: 448 (m.).<br />
**Status as species: Ettershank, 1966: 105; Kempf, 1970c: 362; Kempf, 1972a: 139; Brandão, 1990b: 448 (redescription); Brandão, 1991: 355; Bolton, 1995b: 249; Brandão, 2003: 157; Wild, 2007b: 33; Longino, 2010: 44; Branstetter & Sáenz, 2012: 258; Boudinot, ''et al''. 2013: 30 (redescription); Bezděčková, ''et al''. 2015: 118; Fernández & Serna, 2019: 806.<br />
**Distribution: Brazil, Colombia, Costa Rica, Ecuador, Guatemala, Honduras, Mexico, Nicaragua, Panama, Paraguay, Peru, Suriname, Trinidad.<br />
{{nomenplus}}<br />
<br />
Boudinot et al. (2013) - Kempf (1970) stated that ''Megalomyrmex drifti'' displayed a strong morphocline across South America; Brandão (1990) and later Longino (2010) concurred. From the Central American material available to us, we found morphological, geographic, and genetic (unpubl. data) evidence for three new species previously attributed to ''M. drifti''. Our newly restricted ''M. drifti'' is found in sympatry with two new drifti complex species, ''[[Megalomyrmex megadrifti]]'' and ''[[Megalomyrmex osadrifti]]''. Although only collected in parapatry with ''M. drifti'', ''[[Megalomyrmex brandaoi]]'' is remarkably distinct. Previously, Brandão (1990) suggested that the observed morphocline could be caused by high population viscosity due to the production of ergatoid gynes; to our knowledge, ergatoid queens have only been reported from an unknown ''drifti'' complex species from Rio Palenque, Ecuador, and Bocaiuva, PR, Brazil (Brandão 1990). It remains to be determined how many ''drifti '' complex species are present in South America. As well, the male of ''M. drifti'' has previously been described (Brandão 1990); it is not known to which ''drifti'' complex species these described males belong.<br />
<br />
===Description===<br />
====Worker====<br />
Boudinot et al. (2013) - (holotype, from Brandão 1990): HW 0.45, HL 0.60, SL 0.38, ML 0.60, CI 75, SI 63. (Kempf 1961: HL 0.51, SL 0.37, EL 0.11, ML 0.61, SI 73.) workers(n=9): HW 0.43–0.48, HL 0.52–0.56, SL 0.41–0.45, OMD 0.06–0.08, EL 0.12–0.15, ML 0.63–0.72, CI 84–88, SI 78–82, EI 29–32, OMI 43–57.<br />
<br />
Head Palpal formula 3,2. Basal and masticatory margins of mandible indistinct, curving evenly from basal to masticatory margin. Mandible with 4–7 teeth; apical two teeth largest; apical tooth slightly less than twice as long as subapical; 2–5 very small basal teeth. Dorsal surface of mandible smooth and shining, interrupted by weak piligerous punctae. Clypeus truncate in profile view, with median seta often raised on a small tubercle. Clypeal carinae present, distinct to weak; diverging anteriorly. Clypeus, between antennal insertions, narrower than maximum diameter of scape. Antennal fossa encircled by 2–4 complete carinulae. Malar area roughened in anterior half, smooth posteriorly. Compound eye with about 2–7 ocular setae. Compound eye relatively close to lateral clypeal margin (OMI < 60). Scape relatively short (SI < 85). Occipital carina short, distinct; obscured by vertex in full-face view; extending anteroventrally less than one eighth length of postgenal bridge. Mesosoma Katepisternum and promesonotum smooth and shining, propodeum smooth and shining except for 4 close-set metapleural carinulae. Metapleural carinulae not reaching meso-metapleural suture. Metanotal depression a deep incision. Propodeum with dorsal and posterior faces meeting at a bluntly rounded, raised angle; propodeum dorsolaterally marginate; dorsal margin concave in profile view. Propodeal foramen complete to weak dorsomedially. Meso- and metabasitarsi tubular. Metasoma Petiole and postpetiole predominantly smooth and shining, except for occasional weak roughness posteroventrally on the petiole, and concentric girdling carinulae on posterior bases of petiole and postpetiole. Posterior petiolar base distinct from posterodorsal petiolar face. Subpetiolar process a small, distinct, posteriorly-pointed denticle. Postpetiolar sternum weakly bidentate anteriorly. Lancets of sting apparatus flattened, about three times as thick as metasomal seta. Setation Fine; head dorsum with somewhat dense medium to long subdecumbent to erect setae, in addition to somewhat denser short appressed to subdecumbent setae; scape with appressed setae, sometimes with decumbent to subdecumbent setae; promesonotum with about 11–12 setae on each lateral half, about 3–5 longest setae; first gastric tergum with somewhat more dilute long suberect setae, and with at least 10, but more often greater than 20 short appressed setae. Head, meso- and metasoma shining black to dark brown, sometimes pale brown; legs, antennae, and mandibles yellow-brown.<br />
<br />
====Queen====<br />
Boudinot et al. (2013) - (n=2): HW 0.53–0.55, HL 0.60–0.61, SL 0.48, OMD 0.07, EL 0.19, ML 0.87, CI 89–90, SI 80–81, EI 35–36, OMI 37–38.<br />
<br />
Similar to worker, but with alate-condition mesosoma, coarser sculpturation, and more mesosomal setation. Wing venation not observed.<br />
<br />
===Type Material===<br />
Holotype worker, paratype workers, queen: SURINAM, Dirkshoop {{MZSP}} (examined).<br />
<!--Un-comment this template when adding type specimen data<br />
===Type Material===<br />
*{{TypeSpecimen<br />
|publishedname=<br />
|status=<br />
|statuspublication=<br />
|material=<br />
|locality=<br />
|country=Suriname<br />
|coordinates={{Inline coordinates|||0|NS|||0|EW}} COMMENT OUT IF UNKNOWN<br />
|collector=<br />
|collectiondate=<br />
|specimenidentifier=<br />
|institution=<br />
|notes=<br />
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<br />
==References==<br />
*[[Media:Albuquerque, E., Prado, L. et al. 2021. Ants of the State of Pará, Brazil (10.11646@zootaxa.5001.1.1).pdf|Albuquerque, E., Prado, L., Andrade-Silva, J., Siqueira, E., Sampaio, K., Alves, D., Brandão, C., Andrade, P., Feitosa, R., Koch, E., Delabie, J., Fernandes, I., Baccaro, F., Souza, J., Almeida, R., Silva, R. 2021. Ants of the State of Pará, Brazil: a historical and comprehensive dataset of a key biodiversity hotspot in the Amazon Basin. Zootaxa 5001, 1–83]] ({{doi|10.11646/zootaxa.5001.1.1}}).<br />
*[[Media:de Albuquerque, N.L., Brandao, C.R.F. 2004. A revision of the Neotropical Solenopsidini ant genus Oxyepoecus. 1. The Vezenyii species-group (10.1590@S0031-10492004000400001).pdf|Albuquerque, N.L.d., Brandão, C.R.F. 2004. A revision of the Neotropical Solenopsidini ant genus ''Oxyepoecus'' Santschi, 1926 (Hymenoptera: Formicidae: Myrmicinae). 1. The ''Vezenyii'' species-group. Papéis Avulsos de Zoologia (São Paulo). 44: 55-80]] ({{doi|10.1590/S0031-10492004000400001}}).<br />
*[[Media:Boudinot, B.E., Sumnicht, T.P. & Adams, R.M.M. 2013. Central American ants of the genus Megalomyrmex Forel six new species and keys to workers and males (small file).pdf|Boudinot, B.E., Sumnicht, T.P. & Adams, R.M.M. 2013. Central American ants of the genus ''Megalomyrmex'' Forel (Hymenoptera: Formicidae): six new species and keys to workers and males. Zootaxa 3732, 1-82.]]<br />
*Brandão, C. R. F. 1990b. Systematic revision of the Neotropical ant genus Megalomyrmex Forel (Hymenoptera: Formicidae: Myrmicinae), with the description of thirteen new species. Arq. Zool. (São Paulo) 31: 411-481 (page 448, male described)<br />
*[[Media:Brandao 2003.pdf|Brandão, C. R. F. 2003. Further revisionary studies on the ant gentus ''Megalomyrmex'' Forel (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). Pap. Avulsos Zool. (São Paulo) 43: 145-159.]]<br />
*[[Media:Franco, W., Ladino, N. et al. 2019. First checklist of the ants of French Guiana (10.11646@zootaxa.4674.5.2).pdf|Franco, W., Ladino, N., Delabie, J.H.C., Dejean, A., Orivel, J., Fichaux, M., Groc, S., Leponce, M., Feitosa, R.M. 2019. First checklist of the ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) of French Guiana. Zootaxa 4674, 509–543]] ({{doi|10.11646/zootaxa.4674.5.2}}).<br />
*Kempf, W. W. 1961b. A survey of the ants of the soil fauna in Surinam (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). Stud. Entomol. 4: 481-524 (page 504, figs. 9-11 worker, queen described)<br />
*Kempf, W. W. 1970c. Taxonomic notes on ants of the genus Megalomyrmex Forel, with the description of new species (Hymenoptera, Formicidae). Stud. Entomol. 13: 353-364 (page 362, see also)<br />
*[[Media:Ladino, N., Feitosa, R.M. 2022. Ants of the Parque Estadual São Camilo (10.1590@S1984-4689.v39.e22001).pdf|Ladino, N., Feitosa, R.M. 2022. Ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) of the Parque Estadual São Camilo, an isolated Atlantic Forest remnant in western Paraná, Brazil. ZOOLOGIA 39: e22001]] ({{doi|10.1590/S1984-4689.v39.e22001}}).<br />
*[[Media:Longino 2010.pdf|Longino, J.T. 2010. A taxonomic review of the ant genus Megalomyrmex Forel in Central America. Zootaxa 2720: 35-58.]]<br />
*[[Media:Melo, T.S., Koch, E.B.A. et al. 2021. Ants in different green areas in the metropolitan region of Salvador, Bahia state, Brazil (10.1590@1519-6984.236269).pdf|Melo, T.S., Koch, E.B.A., Andrade, A.R.S., Travassos, M.L.O., Peres, M.C.L., Delabie, J.H.C. 2021. Ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) in different green areas in the metropolitan region of Salvador, Bahia state, Brazil. Brazilian Journal of Biology 82, e236269]] ({{doi|10.1590/1519-6984.236269}}).<br />
*[[Media:Ulysséa, M.A., Brandão, C.R.F. 2013. Ant species from the seasonally dry tropical forest of northeastern Brazil (10.1590@S0085-56262013005000002).pdf|Ulysséa, M.A., Brandão, C.R.F. 2013. Ant species (Hymenoptera, Formicidae) from the seasonally dry tropical forest of northeastern Brazil: a compilation from field surveys in Bahia and literature records. Revista Brasileira de Entomologia 57, 217–224]] ({{doi|10.1590/s0085-56262013005000002}}).<br />
<br />
==References based on [https://benoitguenard.wordpress.com/gabi-articles/ Global Ant Biodiversity Informatics]==<br />
*Boudinot B. E., T. P. Sumnicht, and R. M. M. Adams. 2013. Central American ants of the genus Megalomyrmex Forel (Hymenoptera: Formicidae): six new species and keys to workers and males. Zootaxa 3732(1): 1-82.<br />
*Brandao, C.R.F. 1991. Adendos ao catalogo abreviado das formigas da regiao neotropical (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). Rev. Bras. Entomol. 35: 319-412.<br />
*Brandão C. R. F. 1990. Systematic revision of the Neotropical ant genus Megalomyrmex Forel (Hymenoptera: Formicidae: Myrmicinae), with the description of thirteen new species. Arquivos de Zoologia (São Paulo) 31: 411-481<br />
*Brandão C. R. F. 2003. Further revisionary studies on the ant genus Megalomyrmex Forel (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). Papeis Avulsos de Zoologia (São Paulo) 43: 145-159<br />
*Calixto J. M. 2013. Lista preliminar das especies de formigas (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) do estado do Parana, Brasil. Universidad Federal do Parana 34 pages.<br />
*Castano-Meneses, G., M. Vasquez-Bolanos, J. L. Navarrete-Heredia, G. A. Quiroz-Rocha, and I. Alcala-Martinez. 2015. Avances de Formicidae de Mexico. Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico.<br />
*Dattilo W. et al. 2019. MEXICO ANTS: incidence and abundance along the Nearctic-Neotropical interface. Ecology https://doi.org/10.1002/ecy.2944<br />
*Escalante Gutiérrez J. A. 1993. Especies de hormigas conocidas del Perú (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). Revista Peruana de Entomología 34:1-13.<br />
*Ettershank G. 1966. A generic revision of the world Myrmicinae related to Solenopsis and Pheidologeton (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). Aust. J. Zool. 14: 73-171.<br />
*Favretto M. A., E. Bortolon dos Santos, and C. J. Geuster. 2013. Entomofauna from West of Santa Catarina State, South of Brazil. EntomoBrasilis 6 (1): 42-63.<br />
*Fernandes I., and J. de Souza. 2018. Dataset of long-term monitoring of ground-dwelling ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) in the influence areas of a hydroelectric power plant on the Madeira River in the Amazon Basin. Biodiversity Data Journal 6: e24375.<br />
*Fernandes, P.R. XXXX. Los hormigas del suelo en Mexico: Diversidad, distribucion e importancia (Hymenoptera: Formicidae).<br />
*Fernández, F. and S. Sendoya. 2004. Lista de las hormigas neotropicales. Biota Colombiana Volume 5, Number 1.<br />
*Fleck M. D., E. Bisognin Cantarelli, and F. Granzotto. 2015. Register of new species of ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) in Rio Grande do Sul state. Ciencia Florestal, Santa Maria 25(2): 491-499.<br />
*Franco W., N. Ladino, J. H. C. Delabie, A. Dejean, J. Orivel, M. Fichaux, S. Groc, M. Leponce, and R. M. Feitosa. 2019. First checklist of the ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) of French Guiana. Zootaxa 4674(5): 509-543.<br />
*Groc S., J. H. C. Delabie, F. Fernandez, F. Petitclerc, B. Corbara, M. Leponce, R. Cereghino, and A. Dejean. 2017. Litter-dwelling ants as bioindicators to gauge the sustainability of small arboreal monocultures embedded in the Amazonian rainforest. Ecological Indicators 82: 43-49.<br />
*INBio Collection (via Gbif)<br />
*Kempf W. W. 1970. Taxonomic notes on ants of the genus Megalomyrmex Forel, with the description of new species (Hymenoptera, Formicidae). Studia Entomologica 13: 353-364.<br />
*Kempf, W.W. 1972. Catalago abreviado das formigas da regiao Neotropical (Hym. Formicidae) Studia Entomologica 15(1-4).<br />
*Longino J. T. 2010. A taxonomic review of the ant genus Megalomyrmex Forel (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) in Central America. Zootaxa 2720: 35-58<br />
*Longino J. T. 2013. Ants of Nicargua. Consulted on 18 Jan 2013. https://sites.google.com/site/longinollama/reports/ants-of-nicaragua<br />
*Longino J. T. L., and M. G. Branstetter. 2018. The truncated bell: an enigmatic but pervasive elevational diversity pattern in Middle American ants. Ecography 41: 1-12.<br />
*Longino J. T., and R. K. Colwell. 2011. Density compensation, species composition, and richness of ants on a neotropical elevational gradient. Ecosphere 2(3): 16pp.<br />
*Longino J. et al. ADMAC project. Accessed on March 24th 2017 at https://sites.google.com/site/admacsite/<br />
*Longino, J.T. 2010. Personal Communication. Longino Collection Database<br />
*Orsolon-Souza G., C. E. L. Esberard, A. J. Mayhe-Nunes, A. B. Vargas, S. Veiga-Ferreira, and E. Folly-Ramos. 2011. Comparison between Winklers extractor and pitfall traps to estimate leaf litter ants richness (Formicidae) at a rainforest site in southest Brazil. Braz. J. Biol. 71(4): 873-880.<br />
*Philpott, S.M., P. Bichier, R. Rice, and R. Greenberg. 2007. Field testing ecological and economic benefits of coffee certification programs. Conservation Biology 21: 975-985.<br />
*Pires de Prado L., R. M. Feitosa, S. Pinzon Triana, J. A. Munoz Gutierrez, G. X. Rousseau, R. Alves Silva, G. M. Siqueira, C. L. Caldas dos Santos, F. Veras Silva, T. Sanches Ranzani da Silva, A. Casadei-Ferreira, R. Rosa da Silva, and J. Andrade-Silva. 2019. An overview of the ant fauna (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) of the state of Maranhao, Brazil. Pap. Avulsos Zool. 59: e20195938.<br />
*Resende J. J., G. M. de M. Santos, I. C. do Nascimento, J. H. C. Delabie, and E. M. da Silva. 2011. Communities of ants (Hymenoptera Formicidae) in different Atlantic rain forest phytophysionomies. Sociobiology 58(3): 779-799.<br />
*Rosa da Silva R. 1999. Formigas (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) do oeste de Santa Catarina: historico das coletas e lista atualizada das especies do Estado de Santa Catarina. Biotemas 12(2): 75-100.<br />
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*Silva R.R., and C. R. F. Brandao. 2014. Ecosystem-Wide Morphological Structure of Leaf-Litter Ant Communities along a Tropical Latitudinal Gradient. PLoSONE 9(3): e93049. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0093049<br />
*Siqueira de Castro F., A. B. Gontijo, P. de Tarso Amorim Castro, and S. Pontes Ribeiro. 2012. Annual and Seasonal Changes in the Structure of Litter-Dwelling Ant Assemblages (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) in Atlantic Semideciduous Forests. Psyche doi:10.1155/2012/959715<br />
*Siqueira de Castro F., A. B. Gontijo, W. Duarte da Rocha, and S. Pontes Ribeiro. 2011. As comunidades de formigas de serapilheira nas florestas semidecíduas do Parque Estadual do Rio Doce, Minas Gerais. MG.BIOTA, Belo Horizonte 3(5): 5-24.<br />
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*Vasconcelos H. L., J. M. S. Vilhena, W. E. Magnusson, and A. L. K. M. Albernaz. 2006. Long-term effects of forest fragmentation on Amazonian ant communities. Journal of Biogeography 33: 1348-1356.<br />
*Vasconcelos, H.L., J.M.S. Vilhena, W.E. Magnusson and A.L.K.M. Albernaz. 2006. Long-term effects of forest fragmentation on Amazonian ant communities. Journal of Biogeography 33:1348-1356<br />
*Vásquez-Bolaños M. 2011. Lista de especies de hormigas (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) para México. Dugesiana 18: 95-133<br />
*da Silva, R.R. and R. Silvestre. 2004. Riqueza da fauna de formigas (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) que habita as camadas superficiais do solo em Seara, Santa Catarina. Papéis Avulsos de Zoologia (São Paulo) 44(1): 1-11<br />
<br />
[[category:Species]]<br />
[[category:Extant species]]<br />
[[category:Formicidae]][[category:Myrmicinae]][[category:Solenopsidini]][[category:Megalomyrmex]][[category:Megalomyrmex drifti]]<br />
[[category:Myrmicinae species]][[category:Solenopsidini species]][[category:Megalomyrmex species|drifti]]<br />
[[Category:Ssr]]</div>SShattuckhttps://antwiki.org/wiki/index.php?title=File:De_Albuquerque,_N.L.,_Brandao,_C.R.F._2004._A_revision_of_the_Neotropical_Solenopsidini_ant_genus_Oxyepoecus._1._The_Vezenyii_species-group_(10.1590@S0031-10492004000400001).pdf&diff=709188File:De Albuquerque, N.L., Brandao, C.R.F. 2004. A revision of the Neotropical Solenopsidini ant genus Oxyepoecus. 1. The Vezenyii species-group (10.1590@S0031-10492004000400001).pdf2024-03-27T04:57:22Z<p>SShattuck: Albuquerque, N.L.d., Brandão, C.R.F. 2004. A revision of the Neotropical Solenopsidini ant genus ''Oxyepoecus'' Santschi, 1926 (Hymenoptera: Formicidae: Myrmicinae). 1. The ''Vezenyii'' species-group. Papéis Avulsos de Zoologia (São Paulo). 44: 55-80 ({{doi|10.1590/S0031-10492004000400001}}).</p>
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<div>Albuquerque, N.L.d., Brandão, C.R.F. 2004. A revision of the Neotropical Solenopsidini ant genus ''Oxyepoecus'' Santschi, 1926 (Hymenoptera: Formicidae: Myrmicinae). 1. The ''Vezenyii'' species-group. Papéis Avulsos de Zoologia (São Paulo). 44: 55-80 ({{doi|10.1590/S0031-10492004000400001}}).</div>SShattuckhttps://antwiki.org/wiki/index.php?title=Carebara_transversalis&diff=709187Carebara transversalis2024-03-27T04:46:00Z<p>SShattuck: Add reference from PDF.</p>
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<div>{{Italic title}}<br />
{{Taxobox<br />
|name = ''Carebara transversalis''<br />
|image = Pheidologeton_transversalis__casent0901413_h_1_high.jpg<br />
|image_width = {{width}}<br />
|regnum = [[Animal]]ia<br />
|phylum = [[Arthropod]]a<br />
|classis = [[Insect]]a<br />
|ordo = [[Hymenoptera]]<br />
|familia = [[Formicidae]]<br />
|subfamilia = [[Myrmicinae]]<br />
|tribus = [[Crematogastrini]]<br />
|genus = ''[[Carebara]]''<br />
|species = '''''C. transversalis'''''<br />
|binomial = ''Carebara transversalis''<br />
|binomial_authority = (Smith, F., 1860)<br />
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[[File:Pheidologeton_transversalis__casent0901413_p_1_high.jpg|{{width}}]]<br />
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[[File:Pheidologeton_transversalis__casent0901413_d_1_high.jpg|{{width}}]]<br />
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[[:File:Pheidologeton_transversalis__casent0901413_l_1_high.jpg|Specimen Labels]]<br />
}}<br />
==Identification==<br />
<br />
{{Species identification keys}}<br />
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==Distribution==<br />
<!--DO NOT EDIT THIS TEXT. To update this list add or remove taxa from individual regional taxon list pages.--><br />
===Distribution based on [[:Category:Regional Taxon List|Regional Taxon Lists]]===<br />
'''[[:Category:Indo-Australian Region|Indo-Australian Region]]''': [[Indonesia]] {{SmallFont|([[type locality]])}}, [[Sulawesi]].<br /><br />
<!--END OF DISTRIBUTION LIST--><br />
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{{AntMapsMap}}<br />
{{Countries Occupied|count=2}}<br />
{{Estimated Abundance|count=3}}<br />
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==Biology==<br />
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==Castes==<br />
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==Nomenclature==<br />
{{Nomenclature}}<br />
*''{{RedText|transversalis}}. Solenopsis transversalis'' Smith, F. 1860a: 74 (s.) INDONESIA (Sulawesi).<br />
**Type-material: 2 syntype major workers.<br />
**Type-locality: Indonesia: Sulawesi (“Celebes”), Makassar, “Mak.” (''A.R. Wallace'').<br />
**Type-depository: OXUM.<br />
**Combination in ''Pheidologeton'': Mayr, 1862: 751;<br />
**combination in ''Carebara'': Fischer, ''et al''. 2014: 72.<br />
**Status as species: Mayr, 1862: 751; Roger, 1863b: 30; Mayr, 1863: 442; Smith, F. 1871a: 333; Dalla Torre, 1893: 73; Emery, 1924d: 213; Donisthorpe, 1932c: 458; Chapman & Capco, 1951: 160; Ettershank, 1966: 119; Bolton, 1995b: 334.<br />
**Distribution: Indonesia (Sulawesi).<br />
<br />
<!--Un-comment this template when adding type specimen data<br />
===Type Material===<br />
*{{TypeSpecimen<br />
|publishedname=<br />
|status=<br />
|statuspublication=<br />
|material=<br />
|locality=Sulawesi<br />
|country=Indonesia<br />
|coordinates={{Inline coordinates|||0|NS|||0|EW}} COMMENT OUT IF UNKNOWN<br />
|collector=<br />
|collectiondate=<br />
|specimenidentifier=<br />
|institution=<br />
|notes=<br />
}}<br />
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--><br />
{{Bolton Smith Types}}<br />
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'''''Solenopsis transversalis'''''<br />
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Two worker major syntypes in {{OUMNH}}. Labelled “Mak.” (= Makassar, Sulawesi).<br />
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===Description===<br />
<br />
==References==<br />
*Fischer, G., Azorsa, F. & Fisher, B.L. 2014. The ant genus ''Carebara'' Westwood (Hymenoptera, Formicidae): synonymisation of ''Pheidologeton'' Mayr under ''Carebara'', establishment and revision of the ''C. polita'' species group. ZooKeys 438: 57–112.<br />
*[[Media:Jaitrong, W., Pitaktunsakul, P. et al. 2021. A new species of the genus Carebara inhabits a cave in Thailand (10.25221@fee.425.2).pdf|Jaitrong, W., Pitaktunsakul, P., Jantarit, S. 2021. A new species of the genus ''Carebara'' Westwood, 1840 (Hymenoptera: Formicidae: Myrmecinae) inhabits a cave in Thailand. Far Eastern entomologist 425, 7–20]] ({{doi|10.25221/fee.425.2}}).<br />
*[[Media:Matsuura, K., Hosoishi, S. et al. 2024. A remarkable new species from the pygmaea species group of the genus Carebara from Cambodia (10.25221@fee.496.1).pdf|Matsuura, K., Hosoishi, S., Sokh, H. 2024. A remarkable new species from the ''pygmaea'' species group of the genus ''Carebara'' Westwood, 1840 (Hymenoptera: Formicidae: Myrmicinae) from Cambodia. Far Eastern Entomologist, 496 1–9]] ({{doi|10.25221/fee.496.1}}).<br />
*Mayr, G. 1862. Myrmecologische Studien. Verh. K-K. Zool.-Bot. Ges. Wien 12: 649-776 (page 751, Combination in Pheidologeton)<br />
*Smith, F. 1860a. Descriptions of new species of hymenopterous insects collected by Mr. A. R. Wallace at Celebes. J. Proc. Linn. Soc. Lond. Zool. 5(17b)(suppl. to vol. 4 4: 57-93 (page 74, soldier described)<br />
<br />
==References based on [https://benoitguenard.wordpress.com/gabi-articles/ Global Ant Biodiversity Informatics]==<br />
*Chapman, J. W., and Capco, S. R. 1951. Check list of the ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) of Asia. Monogr. Inst. Sci. Technol. Manila 1: 1-327<br />
*Yamane S. 2003. Preliminary survey on the distribution pattern of southeast Asian Pheidologeton species (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). Pp. 73-86 in: Mohamed, M.; Fellowes, J. R.; Yamane, S. (eds.) 2003. Proceedings of the 2nd ANeT workshop and seminar. Kota Kinabalu: Universiti Malaysia Sabah<br />
<br />
[[category:Species]]<br />
[[category:Extant species]]<br />
[[category:Formicidae]][[category:Myrmicinae]][[category:Crematogastrini]][[category:Carebara]][[category:Carebara transversalis]]<br />
[[category:Myrmicinae species]][[category:Crematogastrini species]][[category:Carebara species|transversalis]]<br />
[[category:Need Overview]][[category:Need Body Text]]</div>SShattuckhttps://antwiki.org/wiki/index.php?title=Carebara_rubra&diff=709186Carebara rubra2024-03-27T04:45:48Z<p>SShattuck: Add reference from PDF.</p>
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<div>{{Italic title}}<br />
{{Taxobox<br />
|name = ''Carebara rubra''<br />
|image = Pheidologeton_ruber__casent0901421_h_1_high.jpg<br />
|image_width = {{width}}<br />
|regnum = [[Animal]]ia<br />
|phylum = [[Arthropod]]a<br />
|classis = [[Insect]]a<br />
|ordo = [[Hymenoptera]]<br />
|familia = [[Formicidae]]<br />
|subfamilia = [[Myrmicinae]]<br />
|tribus = [[Crematogastrini]]<br />
|genus = ''[[Carebara]]''<br />
|species = '''''C. rubra'''''<br />
|binomial = ''Carebara rubra''<br />
|binomial_authority = (Smith, F., 1860)<br />
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[[File:Pheidologeton_ruber__casent0901421_p_1_high.jpg|{{width}}]]<br />
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[[File:Pheidologeton_ruber__casent0901421_d_1_high.jpg|{{width}}]]<br />
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[[:File:Pheidologeton_ruber__casent0901421_l_1_high.jpg|Specimen Labels]]<br />
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|synonyms =<br />
*''[[Pheidole rubrobrunea]]'' Dalla Torre, 1892<br />
}}<br />
==Identification==<br />
<br />
{{Species identification keys}}<br />
<br />
==Distribution==<br />
<!--DO NOT EDIT THIS TEXT. To update this list add or remove taxa from individual regional taxon list pages.--><br />
===Distribution based on [[:Category:Regional Taxon List|Regional Taxon Lists]]===<br />
'''[[:Category:Indo-Australian Region|Indo-Australian Region]]''': [[Indonesia]] {{SmallFont|([[type locality]])}}.<br /><br />
<!--END OF DISTRIBUTION LIST--><br />
<br />
{{AntMapsMap}}<br />
{{Countries Occupied|count=1}}<br />
{{Estimated Abundance|count=3}}<br />
<br />
==Biology==<br />
<br />
==Castes==<br />
===Images from [https://www.antweb.org AntWeb]===<br />
{{SpecimenImage<br />
|file1=Pheidologeton ruber casent0901422 d 1 high.jpg<br />
|file2=Pheidologeton ruber casent0901422 p 1 high.jpg<br />
|file3=Pheidologeton ruber casent0901422 h 1 high.jpg<br />
|file4=Pheidologeton ruber casent0901422 l 1 high.jpg<br />
|antwebimage=yes<br />
|ownedby=OUM, Oxford, UK<br />
|specimencode=casent0901422<br />
|photographer=Ryan Perry<br />
|photographerid=106<br />
|uploader=California Academy of Sciences<br />
|uploaderid=1<br />
|caste=worker<br />
|subcaste=major/soldier<br />
|typestatus=syntype of ''Pheidologeton ruber''<br />
}}<br />
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==Nomenclature==<br />
{{Nomenclature}}<br />
*''rubrobrunea. Pheidole rubrobrunea'' Dalla Torre, 1892: 91.<br />
**Combination in ''Pheidologeton'': Ettershank, 1966: 119.<br />
**Status as species: Dalla Torre, 1893: 96; Emery, 1922e: 98; Chapman & Capco, 1951: 149; Ettershank, 1966: 119.<br />
**Unnecessary replacement name for ''Pheidole rubra'' Smith, F. 1860b: 111; hence junior synonym of ''rubra'': Bolton, 1995b: 333.<br />
*''{{RedText|rubra}}. Pheidole rubra'' Smith, F. 1860b: 111 (s.w.) INDONESIA (Bacan I.).<br />
**Type-material: 2 syntype major workers, 3 syntype minor workers.<br />
**Type-locality: Indonesia: Bachian (= Bacan I.), “Bac. 44” (''A.R. Wallace'').<br />
**Type-depository: OXUM.<br />
**Combination in ''Pheidologeton'': Donisthorpe, 1932c: 464;<br />
**combination in ''Carebara'': Fischer, ''et al''. 2014: 72.<br />
**Status as species: Mayr, 1863: 441; Smith, F. 1871a: 332; Donisthorpe, 1932c: 464; Bolton, 1995b: 333.<br />
**Senior synonym of ''rubrobrunea'': Bolton, 1995b: 333.<br />
**Distribution: Indonesia (Bacan).<br />
<br />
<!--Un-comment this template when adding type specimen data<br />
===Type Material===<br />
*{{TypeSpecimen<br />
|publishedname=<br />
|status=<br />
|statuspublication=<br />
|material=<br />
|locality=Batjan Island<br />
|country=Indonesia<br />
|coordinates={{Inline coordinates|||0|NS|||0|EW}} COMMENT OUT IF UNKNOWN<br />
|collector=<br />
|collectiondate=<br />
|specimenidentifier=<br />
|institution=<br />
|notes=<br />
}}<br />
<br />
--><br />
{{Bolton Smith Types}}<br />
<br />
'''''Pheidole rubra'''''<br />
<br />
Two syntypes worker major and three syntype worker minor in {{OUMNH}}. Labelled “Bac. 44.”<br />
<br />
===Description===<br />
<br />
==References==<br />
*Bolton, B. 1995b. A new general catalogue of the ants of the world. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 504 pp. (page 333, Junior synonym of ruber)<br />
*Donisthorpe, H. 1932c. On the identity of Smith's types of Formicidae (Hymenoptera) collected by Alfred Russell Wallace in the Malay Archipelago, with descriptions of two new species. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. 10(10): 441-476 (page 464, Combination in Pheidologeton)<br />
*Fischer, G., Azorsa, F. & Fisher, B.L. 2014. The ant genus ''Carebara'' Westwood (Hymenoptera, Formicidae): synonymisation of ''Pheidologeton'' Mayr under ''Carebara'', establishment and revision of the ''C. polita'' species group. ZooKeys 438: 57–112.<br />
*[[Media:Jaitrong, W., Pitaktunsakul, P. et al. 2021. A new species of the genus Carebara inhabits a cave in Thailand (10.25221@fee.425.2).pdf|Jaitrong, W., Pitaktunsakul, P., Jantarit, S. 2021. A new species of the genus ''Carebara'' Westwood, 1840 (Hymenoptera: Formicidae: Myrmecinae) inhabits a cave in Thailand. Far Eastern entomologist 425, 7–20]] ({{doi|10.25221/fee.425.2}}).<br />
*[[Media:Matsuura, K., Hosoishi, S. et al. 2024. A remarkable new species from the pygmaea species group of the genus Carebara from Cambodia (10.25221@fee.496.1).pdf|Matsuura, K., Hosoishi, S., Sokh, H. 2024. A remarkable new species from the ''pygmaea'' species group of the genus ''Carebara'' Westwood, 1840 (Hymenoptera: Formicidae: Myrmicinae) from Cambodia. Far Eastern Entomologist, 496 1–9]] ({{doi|10.25221/fee.496.1}}).<br />
*[[Media:Sharaf, M.R., Wetterer, J.K. et al. 2022. Faunal composition, diversity, and distribution of ants of Dhofar Governorate, Oman (10.5852@ejt.2022.838.1925).pdf|Sharaf, M. R., Wetterer, J. K., Mohamed, A. A., Aldawood, A. S. 2022. Faunal composition, diversity, and distribution of ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) of Dhofar Governorate, Oman, with updated list of the Omani species and remarks on zoogeography. European Journal of Taxonomy 838: 1-106]] ({{doi|10.5852/ejt.2022.838.1925}}).<br />
*Smith, F. 1860b. Catalogue of hymenopterous insects collected by Mr. A. R. Wallace in the islands of Bachian, Kaisaa, Amboyna, Gilolo, and at Dory in New Guinea. J. Proc. Linn. Soc. Lond. Zool. 5(17b)(suppl. to vol. 4 4: 93-143 (page 111, soldier, worker described)<br />
<br />
==References based on [https://benoitguenard.wordpress.com/gabi-articles/ Global Ant Biodiversity Informatics]==<br />
*Chapman, J. W., and Capco, S. R. 1951. Check list of the ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) of Asia. Monogr. Inst. Sci. Technol. Manila 1: 1-327<br />
*Viehmeyer H. 1912. Ameisen aus Deutsch Neuguinea gesammelt von Dr. O. Schlaginhaufen. Nebst einem Verzeichnisse der papuanischen Arten. Abhandlungen und Berichte des Königlichen Zoologischen und Anthropologische-Ethnographischen Museums zu Dresden 14: 1-26.<br />
*Yamane S. 2003. Preliminary survey on the distribution pattern of southeast Asian Pheidologeton species (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). Pp. 73-86 in: Mohamed, M.; Fellowes, J. R.; Yamane, S. (eds.) 2003. Proceedings of the 2nd ANeT workshop and seminar. Kota Kinabalu: Universiti Malaysia Sabah<br />
<br />
[[category:Species]]<br />
[[category:Extant species]]<br />
[[category:Formicidae]][[category:Myrmicinae]][[category:Crematogastrini]][[category:Carebara]][[category:Carebara rubra]]<br />
[[category:Myrmicinae species]][[category:Crematogastrini species]][[category:Carebara species|rubra]]<br />
[[category:Need Overview]][[category:Need Body Text]]</div>SShattuck