Formica subaenescens
Formica subaenescens | |
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Scientific classification | |
Kingdom: | Animalia |
Phylum: | Arthropoda |
Class: | Insecta |
Order: | Hymenoptera |
Family: | Formicidae |
Subfamily: | Formicinae |
Tribe: | Formicini |
Genus: | Formica |
Species: | F. subaenescens |
Binomial name | |
Formica subaenescens Emery, 1893 | |
Synonyms | |
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In New Mexico (Mackay and Mackay 2002) this ant nests in soil or under stones and in logs (primarily very rotten and soft). They occasionally have an earthen mound. Brood was found in nests from May to August, reproductives were found in nests from July to September, dealate females were found in August and September. This species nests together with Myrmica lobifrons and with Monomorium minimum and Monomorium cyaneum.
At a Glance | • Polygynous |
Identification
Keys including this Species
Distribution
Latitudinal Distribution Pattern
Latitudinal Range: 67.61422° to 31.414168°.
North Temperate |
North Subtropical |
Tropical | South Subtropical |
South Temperate |
- Source: AntMaps
Distribution based on Regional Taxon Lists
Nearctic Region: Canada, United States (type locality).
Neotropical Region: Mexico.
Distribution based on AntMaps
Distribution based on AntWeb specimens
Check data from AntWeb
Countries Occupied
Number of countries occupied by this species based on AntWiki Regional Taxon Lists. In general, fewer countries occupied indicates a narrower range, while more countries indicates a more widespread species. |
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Habitat
In New Mexico (Mackay and Mackay 2002) - Widely distributed in mesic habitats, including forests and open areas, ponderosa pine-riparian, pinyon juniper, aspen forests, Douglas fir forests, absent only in semiarid and arid habitats and above timberline.
Biology
Flight Period
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Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec |
Source: antkeeping.info.
- Check details at Worldwide Ant Nuptial Flights Data, AntNupTracker and AntKeeping.
Explore: Show all Flight Month data or Search these data. See also a list of all data tables or learn how data is managed.
Association with Other Organisms
Explore: Show all Associate data or Search these data. See also a list of all data tables or learn how data is managed.
Host for the slave-making ants:
- Formica densiventris
- Formica impexa
- Formica pergandei
- Formica rubicunda
- Formica wheeleri
- Polyergus bicolor (Trager, 2013; de la Mora et al., 2021)
- Polyergus mexicanus
Host for the temporary parasites:
- Formica dakotensis
- Formica dirksi (Mackay and Mackay 2002)
- Formica microgyna
- Formica querquetulana
- Formica ulkei
This species is a xenobiont for the ant Camponotus pennsylvanicus (a xenobiont) in United States (Gaige ,1914; Kanizsai et al., 2013) (Hardwood forest. Under log.).
This species is a mutualist for the aphid Rhopalosiphum nymphaeae (a trophobiont) (Jones, 1927; Saddiqui et al., 2019).
Castes
Worker
Images from AntWeb
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Worker. Specimen code casent0102795. Photographer Jen Fogarty, uploaded by California Academy of Sciences. | Owned by CAS, San Francisco, CA, USA. |
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Worker. Specimen code casent0005364. Photographer April Nobile, uploaded by California Academy of Sciences. | Owned by UCDC, Davis, CA, USA. |
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Worker. Specimen code casent0172898. Photographer April Nobile, uploaded by California Academy of Sciences. | Owned by MCZ, Cambridge, MA, USA. |
Nomenclature
The following information is derived from Barry Bolton's Online Catalogue of the Ants of the World.
- subaenescens. Formica fusca var. subaenescens Emery, 1893i: 659 (w.) U.S.A.
- [Misspelled as subaeneus by Menozzi, 1932b: 312.]
- Wheeler, W.M. 1913f: 504 (q.m.).
- As unavailable (infrasubspecific) name: Wheeler, W.M. 1913f: 504; Emery, 1925b: 248; Menozzi, 1932b: 312.
- Subspecies of fusca: Wheeler, W.M. 1900c: 47; Forel, 1902i: 699; Forel, 1904a: 153; Wheeler, W.M. 1905f: 401; Wheeler, W.M. 1906b: 20; Wheeler, W.M. 1910g: 570; Santschi, 1911d: 7; Wheeler, W.M. 1913f: 399 (in key); Wheeler, W.M. 1916m: 599; Wheeler, W.M. 1917a: 546; Cole, 1936a: 37; Dennis, 1938: 300; Wing, 1939: 165; Cole, 1942: 382; Buren, 1944a: 300; Wheeler, G.C. & Wheeler, E.W. 1944: 261; Smith, M.R. 1951a: 865.
- Junior synonym of fusca: Creighton, 1950a: 532; Francoeur, 1973: 189; Wheeler, G.C. & Wheeler, J. 1986g: 16.
- Status as species: Francoeur, 1977b: 208; Bolton, 1995b: 204; Mackay & Mackay, 2002: 371; Ellison, et al. 2012: 173; Schar et al., 2018: 6.
Description
References
- Bolton, B. 1995b. A new general catalogue of the ants of the world. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 504 pp. (page 204, raised to species; current status)
- Borowiec, M.L., Cover, S.P., Rabeling, C. 2021. The evolution of social parasitism in Formica ants revealed by a global phylogeny. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 118, e2026029118 (doi:10.1073/pnas.2026029118).
- Buren, W. F. 1944a. A list of Iowa ants. Iowa State Coll. J. Sci. 18: 277-312 (page 300, subspecies of fusca)
- Carroll, T.M. 2011. The ants of Indiana (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). M.S. thesis, Purdue University.
- Creighton, W. S. 1950a. The ants of North America. Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology 104: 1-585 (page 532, junior synonym of fusca)
- Davis, T. 2009. The ants of South Carolina (thesis, Clemson University).
- de la Mora, A., Sankovitz, M., Purcell, J. 2020. Ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) as host and intruder: recent advances and future directions in the study of exploitative strategies. Myrmecological News 30: 53-71 (doi:10.25849/MYRMECOL.NEWS_030:053).
- Emery, C. 1893k. Beiträge zur Kenntniss der nordamerikanischen Ameisenfauna. Zool. Jahrb. Abt. Syst. Geogr. Biol. Tiere 7: 633-682 (page 659, worker described)
- Fairweather, A.D., Lewis, J.H., Hunt, L., Smith, M.A., McAlpine, D.F. 2020. Ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) of Rockwood Park, New Brunswick: An assessment of species richness and habitat. Northwestern Naturalist 27(3):576–584.
- Francoeur, A. 1973. Révision taxonomique des espèces néarctiques du groupe fusca, genre Formica (Formicidae, Hymenoptera). Mém. Soc. Entomol. Qué. 3: 1-316 (page 189, junior synonym of fusca)
- Francoeur, A. 1977b. Synopsis taxonomique et économique des fourmis du Québec (Formicidae, Hymenoptera). Ann. Soc. Entomol. Qué. 22: 205-212 (page 208, revived from synonymy, and raised to species)
- Ivanov, K. 2019. The ants of Ohio (Hymenoptera, Formicidae): an updated checklist. Journal of Hymenoptera Research 70: 65–87 (doi:10.3897@jhr.70.35207).
- Kanizsai, O., Lőrinczi, G., Gallé, L. 2013. Nesting associations without interdependence: A preliminary review on plesiobiosis in ants. Psyche 2013, 238602 (doi:10.1155/2013/238602).
- Rericha, L. 2007. Ants of Indiana. Indiana Department of Natural Resources, 51pp.
- Schar, S., Talavera, G., Espadaler, X., Rana, J.D., Andersen, A.A., Cover, S.P., Vila, R. 2018. Do Holarctic ant species exist? Trans-Beringian dispersal and homoplasy in the Formicidae. Journal of Biogeography 2018:1–12 (doi:10.1111/jbi.13380).
- Siddiqui, J. A., Li, J., Zou, X., Bodlah, I., Huang, X. 2019. Meta-analysis of the global diversity and spatial patterns of aphid-ant mutualistic relationships. Applied Ecology and Environmental Research 17: 5471-5524 (doi:10.15666/aeer/1703_54715524).
- Waters, J.S., Keough, N.W., Burt, J., Eckel, J.D., Hutchinson, T., Ewanchuk, J., Rock, M., Markert, J.A., Axen, H.J., Gregg, D. 2022. Survey of ants (Hymenoptera, Formicidae) in the city of Providence (Rhode Island, United States) and a new northern-most record for Brachyponera chinensis (Emery, 1895). Check List 18(6), 1347–1368 (doi:10.15560/18.6.1347).
- Wheeler, G. C.; Wheeler, J. 1986g. The ants of Nevada. Los Angeles: Natural History Museum of Los Angeles County, vii + 138 pp. (page 16, junior synonym of fusca)
- Wheeler, W. M. 1913i. A revision of the ants of the genus Formica (Linné) Mayr. Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology 53: 379-565 (page 504, queen, male described)
References based on Global Ant Biodiversity Informatics
- Allred D. M. 1982. Ants of Utah. The Great Basin Naturalist 42: 415-511.
- Allred, D.M. 1982. The ants of Utah. Great Basin Naturalist 42:415-511.
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- Borchert, H.F. and N.L. Anderson. 1973. The Ants of the Bearpaw Mountains of Montana (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). Journal of the Kansas Entomological Society 46(2):200-224
- Buren W. F. 1941. A preliminary list of Iowa ants. Iowa State College Journal of Science 15: 111-117
- Carroll T. M. 2011. The ants of Indiana (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). Master's Thesis Purdue university, 385 pages.
- Choate B., and F. A. Drummond. 2012. Ant Diversity and Distribution (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) Throughout Maine Lowbush Blueberry Fields in Hancock and Washington Counties. Environ. Entomol. 41(2): 222-232.
- Choate B., and F. A. Drummond. 2013. The influence of insecticides and vegetation in structuring Formica Mound ant communities (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) in Maine lowbush blueberry. Environ. Entomol. 41(2): 222-232.
- Cole A. C., Jr. 1942. The ants of Utah. American Midland Naturalist 28: 358-388.
- Cole, A.C. 1936. An annotated list of the ants of Idaho (Hymenoptera; Formicidae). Canadian Entomologist 68(2):34-39
- Coovert, G.A. 2005. The Ants of Ohio (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) Ohio Biological Survey Bulletin New Series Volume 15(2):1-196
- Cover S. P., and R. A. Johnson. 20011. Checklist of Arizona Ants. Downloaded on January 7th at http://www.asu.edu/clas/sirgtools/AZants-2011%20updatev2.pdf
- Del Toro, I. 2010. PERSONAL COMMUNICATION. MUSEUM RECORDS COLLATED BY ISRAEL DEL TORO
- Dennis C. A. 1938. The distribution of ant species in Tennessee with reference to ecological factors. Annals of the Entomological Society of America 31: 267-308.
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- Dubois, M.B. and W.E. Laberge. 1988. An Annotated list of the ants of Illionois. pages 133-156 in Advances in Myrmecology, J. Trager
- Eidmann V. H., and H. Münden. 1933. Zur Kenntnis der Ameisenfauna von Sudlabrador. Zoologischer Anzeiger 101(7): 202-221.
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- Ellison A. M., S. Record, A. Arguello, and N. J. Gotelli. 2007. Rapid Inventory of the Ant Assemblage in a Temperate Hardwood Forest: Species Composition and Assessment of Sampling Methods. Environ. Entomol. 36(4): 766-775.
- Ellison A. M., and E. J. Farnsworth. 2014. Targeted sampling increases knowledge and improves estimates of ant species richness in Rhode Island. Northeastern Naturalist 21(1): NENHC-13NENHC-24.
- Field Museum Collection, Chicago, Illinois (C. Moreau)
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- Francoeur. A. 1973. Revision taxonomique des especes nearctiques du group fusca, genre Formica. Memoires de la Societe Entomologique du Quebec 3: 1-316.
- Gaige, F.M. 1914. Results of the mershon expedition to the Charity Islands, Lake Huron. Occasional Papers of the Museum of Zoology 5, 1–29.
- Gibbs M. M., P. L. Lambdin, J. F. Grant, and A. M. Saxton. 2003. Ground-inhabiting ants collected in a mixed hardwood southern Appalachian forest in Eastern Tennessee. Journal of the Tennessee Academy of Science 78(2): 45-49.
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- Ivanov, K. 2019. The ants of Ohio (Hymenoptera, Formicidae): an updated checklist. Journal of Hymenoptera Research 70: 65–87.
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- Matthewman, W.G. and D.P. Pielou. 1971. Arthropods inhabiting the sporophores of Fomes fomentarius (Polyporaceae) in Gatineau Park, Quebec. Canadian Entomologist 103(6):775-847
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- Nielsen, M.G. 1986. Respiratory rates of ants from different climatic areas. Journal of Insect Physiology 32(2): 125-131
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- Pages using DynamicPageList3 parser function
- Polygynous
- North temperate
- North subtropical
- FlightMonth
- Ant Associate
- Host of Formica densiventris
- Host of Formica impexa
- Host of Formica pergandei
- Host of Formica rubicunda
- Host of Formica wheeleri
- Host of Polyergus bicolor
- Host of Polyergus mexicanus
- Host of Formica dakotensis
- Host of Formica dirksi
- Host of Formica microgyna
- Host of Formica querquetulana
- Host of Formica ulkei
- Host of Camponotus pennsylvanicus
- Aphid Associate
- Host of Rhopalosiphum nymphaeae
- Species
- Extant species
- Formicidae
- Formicinae
- Formicini
- Formica
- Formica subaenescens
- Formicinae species
- Formicini species
- Formica species
- Need Overview
- Need Body Text