Paraphaenogaster

†Paraphaenogaster; Temporal range: 34–5.3 Ma K Pa Eo Ol Mi Pl Priabonian, Late Eocene to Messinian, Late Miocene
Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Arthropoda
Class:	Insecta
Order:	Hymenoptera
Family:	Formicidae
Subfamily:	Myrmicinae
Tribe:	Stenammini
Genus:	†Paraphaenogaster; Dlussky, 1981
Type species
	Paraphaenogaster microphthalmus, now Paraphaenogaster microphthalma;
Diversity
	21 fossil species; (Species Checklist, Species by Country)

Identification

This taxon is known from Aix-en-Provence, France (Late Oligocene); Bembridge Marls, Isle of Wight, UK (Priabonian, Late Eocene); Brunn-Vösendorf, Austria (Late Miocene); Enspel Formation, Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany (Oligocene), Chôjaburu, Iki Island, Japan (Middle Miocene); Kleinkems, Germany (Early Oligocene); Mokrina (Krottensee), Czech Republic (Late Burdigalian, Early Miocene); Oeningen, Switzerland (Messinian, Late Miocene); Parschlug, Austria (Serravallian, Miocene); Radoboj, Croatia (Burdigalian, Early Miocene); Shanwang, China (Early Miocene) and Vishnevaya Balka Creek, Stavropol, Russian Federation (Middle Miocene).

The following information is derived from Barry Bolton's Online Catalogue of the Ants of the World.

†PARAPHAENOGASTER [incertae sedis in Myrmicinae: Pheidolini]
- †Paraphaenogaster Dlussky, 1981: 68. Type-species: †Paraphaenogaster microphthalmus, by original designation.
- [†Paraphaeogaster Hong, 1984: 8, incorrect subsequent spelling.]

Bolton, B. 1994. Identification guide to the ant genera of the world. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 222 pp. (page 106, Paraphaenogaster in Myrmicinae, Pheidolini)
Bolton, B. 1995b. A new general catalogue of the ants of the world. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 504 pp. (page 312, Paraphaenogaster in Myrmicinae, Pheidolini)
Bolton, B. 2003. Synopsis and Classification of Formicidae. Mem. Am. Entomol. Inst. 71: 370pp (page 236, Paraphaenogaster incertae sedis in Pheidolini)
Dlussky, G. M. 1981a. Miocene ants (Hymenoptera, Formicidae) of the USSR. Pp. 64-83 in: Vishnyakova, V. N., Dlussky, G. M., Pritykina, L. N. New fossil insects from the territories of the USSR. Tr. Paleontol. Inst. Akad. Nauk SSSR 183:1-87. (page 68, Paraphaenogaster as genus)
Dlussky, G. M.; Fedoseeva, E. B. 1988. Origin and early stages of evolution in ants. Pp. 70-144 in: Ponomarenko, A. G. (ed.) Cretaceous biocenotic crisis and insect evolution. Moskva: Nauka, 232 pp. (page 80, Paraphaenogaster in Myrmicinae, Pheidolini)
Dlussky, G.M. & Perfilieva, K.S. 2014. Superfamily Formicoidea Latreille, 1802. In: Antropov, A. V., Belokobylskij, S. A., Compton, S. G., Dlussky, G. M., Khalaim, A. I., Kolyada, V. A., Kozlov, M. A., Perfilieva, K. S. & Rasnitsyn, A. P. 2014. The wasps, bees and ants (Insecta: Vespida=Hymenoptera) from the Insect Limestone (Late Eocene) of the Isle of Wight, UK. Earth and Environmental Science Transactions of the Royal Society of Edinburgh 104(3-4):335-446.