Dolichoderus bispinosus

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Dolichoderus bispinosus
Scientific classification
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Arthropoda
Class: Insecta
Order: Hymenoptera
Family: Formicidae
Subfamily: Dolichoderinae
Tribe: Dolichoderini
Genus: Dolichoderus
Species: D. bispinosus
Binomial name
Dolichoderus bispinosus
(Olivier, 1792)

Dolichoderus bispinosus casent0173833 profile 1.jpg

Dolichoderus bispinosus casent0173833 dorsal 1.jpg

Specimen labels

Synonyms

Koch et al. (2018) sampled this species in Caryocar barsiliense trees, in southeastern Brazil cerrado, as part of a study examining species interactions in ant-plants.

At a Glance • Ant garden  

Identification

Distribution

Latitudinal Distribution Pattern

Latitudinal Range: 25.68015° to -64.36°.

       
North
Temperate 		North
Subtropical 		Tropical South
Subtropical 		South
Temperate

Distribution based on Regional Taxon Lists

Neotropical Region: Argentina, Belize, Brazil, Colombia, Costa Rica, Ecuador, French Guiana (type locality), Guatemala, Guyana, Honduras, Mexico, Panama, Paraguay, Peru, Suriname, Trinidad and Tobago, Venezuela.

Distribution based on AntMaps

AntMapLegend.png

Distribution based on AntWeb specimens

Check data from AntWeb

Countries Occupied

Number of countries occupied by this species based on AntWiki Regional Taxon Lists. In general, fewer countries occupied indicates a narrower range, while more countries indicates a more widespread species.
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Biology

Dejain et al. (2018) found this species nesting in Aechmea bracteata, a large tank bromeliad (leaves ca. 1-m-long; inflorescences up to 1.7-m-long). Each plant forms numerous shoots, with each bearing multiple reservoirs within their leaves and a central dry cavity where ants can nest. Other ants were also found, and both the presence of ants and the ant species present was found to be correlated with changes in the aquatic macroinvertebrate communities within the plants' reservoirs. Dolichoderus bispinosus was found in 43 of the 92 plants sampled. The study was carried out in an inundated forest dominated by 10-m-tall Metopium brownei (Anacardiaceae). This forest was located in southern Quintana Roo, Mexico (18.42678 N; 88.80438 W; 120 meters a.s.l).

MacKay (1993): This is one of the most common and widely distributed species in the genus, occurring especially in disturbed habitats (coffee, cacao plantations) in second growth forest, as well as virgin rain forests, up to 2100 meters. They are commonly found during quarantine on banana debris and on orchids. Dolichoderus bispinosus nests in cavities in trees or in hollow logs on the ground and occasionally in carton termite nests on branches of trees (Swain, 1977), especially those of Nasutitermes ephratae, N. columbicus and N. sp. (pers. obs.). This species also nests in myrmecophytes such as Cordia and Tillandsia. Myrmecophiles include cockroachs and thysanurans (both unidentified - Swain, 1977).

Dolichoderus bispinosus is polygynous (Kempf, 1959; Swain, 1977); several de-alate females and workers are often found within series. It is also polydomous (Swain, 1977). A mature nest contains thousands of workers and sexuals (Swain, 1977). New nests are formed by fission (Swain, 1977). These ants are very aggressive, especially when the nest is disturbed (Mann, 1916; Wheeler, 1936; pers. obser.). Workers produce a strong odor similar to that of Liometopum spp. when they are disturbed. They look and act similar to Liometopum in the field under such circumstances. They often nest together with Crematogaster carinata and with Dolichoderus lamellosus. Worker specimens have been collected almost 50 meters inside the mouth of a cave in Yucatan. Workers have been found in extrafloral nectaries of Bixa orellana (Bentley, 1977) and in the facultative, myrmecophytic orchid, Caularthron bilamellatum (Fisher et al., 1990), as well as several other species of plants (Swain, 1977). This species tends scale insects on Prioria, coccids, membracids and rioninid larvae, and are also effective predators, especially of termites (Swain, 1977). They are preyed upon by ant eaters and armadillos. Swain (1977) presents much more detailed information on this species. Sexuals are commonly collected in light traps. Stray sexuals have been collected in Jan. (Venezuela), Apr. (Surinam), May (Mexico, Panama, Venezuela), June (Costa Rica), July (Mexico, Guiana, Venezuela), Aug. (Trinidad, Peru, Venezuela), Aug.-Sept. (Brasil), Sept.-Oct. (Panama) and Oct. (Ecuador).

Jack Longino: In the field these may be easily confused with some species of Camponotus subgenus Myrmobrachys, which are of similar size, black, and diurnal. However, they are nothing alike in behavior or odor. Myrmobrachys are generally timid and will flee disturbance, and if they have any odor at all it is a weak acid odor. Dolichoderus bispinosus workers are extremely pugnacious, aggressively defending resources and nest areas. Workers will quickly run onto your hand and bite. They have a strong chemical defense that imparts a characteristic odor. This distinctive odor is shared with many other groups in the Dolichoderinae, including Azteca, Tapinoma, Dorymyrmex, and some but not all other species of Dolichoderus. Workers are very fond of carbohydrate resources and will cluster around extrafloral nectaries, aggregations of membracids, and Coccoidea. Some riodinid butterflies with myrmecophilous larvae have a specialized association with D. bispinosus. For example, adult females of Juditha molpe search for aggregations of D. bispinosus as oviposition sites. Larvae can be found on a wide variety of host plants, the common factor being the presence of extrafloral nectaries or other carbohydrate sources at which D. bispinosus have gathered. The butterfly is an ant specialist rather than a plant specialist!

While this species is known to nest in ant gardens it does not seem to be a true ant-garden taxon (i.e., one that is able to initiate ant gardens or is restricted to ant gardens) and is more likely to be a secondary resident or opportunistic ant-garden nester (Campbell et al., 2022; Dejean et al., 1997).

Association with Other Organisms

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Other Insects

  • This species is a host for the strepsipteran Caenocholax fenyesi (a parasite) in Mexico (Hughes et al., 2003; Cook, 2019) (strepsipteran unidentified in Hughes et al., 2003).
  • This species is a xenobiont for the ant Crematogaster carinata (a xenobiont).
  • This species is a host for the phorid fly Diocophora sp. (a parasite) (Brown et al., 2015) (injured).
  • This species is a host for the phorid fly Diocophora sp. (a parasitoid) (Quevillon, 2018) (encounter mode primary; direct transmission; transmission outside nest).
  • This species is a host for the phorid fly Megaselia sp. (a parasite) (Brown et al., 2015) (injured).
  • This species is a host for the phorid fly Megaselia sp. (a parasitoid) (Quevillon, 2018) (encounter mode primary; direct transmission; transmission outside nest).
  • This species is a host for the phorid fly Rhyncophoromyia sp. (a parasite) (Brown et al., 2015) (injured).
  • This species is a host for the phorid fly Rhyncophoromyia sp. (a parasitoid) (Quevillon, 2018) (encounter mode primary; direct transmission; transmission outside nest).
  • This species is a host for the strepsipteran Pseudacteon palomita (a parasite) (Quevillon, 2018) (encounter mode secondary; indirect transmission; transmission outside nest).

Fungi

  • This species is a host for the fungus Ophiocordyceps kniphofioides (a parasitoid) (Quevillon, 2018) (encounter mode primary; direct transmission; transmission outside nest).
  • This species is a host for the fungus Ophiocordyceps monacidis (a parasitoid) (Quevillon, 2018) (encounter mode primary; direct transmission; transmission outside nest).
  • This species is a host for the fungus Ophiocordyceps kniphofioides monacidis (a pathogen) (Araujo et al., 2018; Shrestha et al., 2017).

Flight Period

X X X X X X X X X X
Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec

Source: Kaspari et al., 2001.

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Castes

Worker

Images from AntWeb

Dolichoderus bispinosus casent0178724 profile 1.jpgDolichoderus bispinosus casent0178724 dorsal 1.jpgDolichoderus bispinosus casent0178724 label 1.jpg
Worker. Specimen code casent0178724. Photographer April Nobile, uploaded by California Academy of Sciences. Owned by MIZA, Maracay, Venezuela.

Queen

Images from AntWeb

Dolichoderus bispinosus casent0173835 head 1.jpgDolichoderus bispinosus casent0173835 profile 1.jpgDolichoderus bispinosus casent0173835 profile 2.jpgDolichoderus bispinosus casent0173835 dorsal 1.jpgDolichoderus bispinosus casent0173835 label 1.jpg
Queen (alate/dealate). Specimen code casent0173835. Photographer April Nobile, uploaded by California Academy of Sciences. Owned by ALWC, Alex L. Wild Collection.

Male

Images from AntWeb

Dolichoderus bispinosus casent0173834 head 1.jpgDolichoderus bispinosus casent0173834 profile 1.jpgDolichoderus bispinosus casent0173834 profile 2.jpgDolichoderus bispinosus casent0173834 profile 3.jpgDolichoderus bispinosus casent0173834 dorsal 1.jpg
Male (alate). Specimen code casent0173834. Photographer April Nobile, uploaded by California Academy of Sciences. Owned by ALWC, Alex L. Wild Collection.

Nomenclature

The following information is derived from Barry Bolton's Online Catalogue of the Ants of the World.

  • bispinosus. Formica bispinosa Olivier, 1792: 502 (w.) FRENCH GUIANA. Roger, 1862a: 236 (q.); Forel, 1908b: 60 (m.); Wheeler, G.C. & Wheeler, J. 1966: 728 (l.). Combination in Hypoclinea: Mayr, 1862: 708; in Monacis: Roger, 1862a: 235; Kempf, 1959b: 240; in Dolichoderus: Emery, 1890a: 69; Dalla Torre, 1893: 158; in D. (Monacis): Emery, 1894c: 228. Senior synonym of arboricola: Emery, 1892b: 167; of fungosa: Latreille, 1802c: 133; of vestita: Emery, 1894c: 232. See also: Kempf, 1959b: 240; Mackay, 1993b: 42; Shattuck, 1994: 44.
  • fungosa. Formica fungosa Fabricius, 1798: 281 (w.) SURINAM. Junior synonym of bispinosus: Latreille, 1802c: 133.
  • vestita. Hypoclinea vestita Mayr, 1862: 707 (q.) ANTILLES. Junior synonym of bispinosus: Emery, 1894c: 232.
  • arboricola. Polyrhachis arboricola Norton, 1868a: 60, fig. 3 (w.) MEXICO (fig. only). [Description by Norton, 1868c: 4.] Junior synonym of bispinosus: Emery, 1892b: 167.

Description

References

References based on Global Ant Biodiversity Informatics

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