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host (51) · mutualist (17)

aphid (17) · fungus (37) · trematode (14)

Ophiocordyceps unilateralis · Aphis craccivora · Aphis gossypii · Mermithidae (unspecified "Mermix") · Myrmicinosporidium durum · Aphis fabae · Rhopalosiphum nymphaeae · Laboulbenia formicarum · unknown · Brachycaudus cardui · Formica fusca · Ophiocordyceps myrmecophila · Ophiocordyceps australis · Ophiocordyceps formicarum · Raillietina tetragona · Kapala sp. · Cinara pini · Megaselia sp. · Aphis asclepiadis · Aphis pomi

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parasite (6) · parasitoid (11) · pathogen (35) · trophobiont (17)

None (35) · Austria (1) · Canada (Alberta) (1) · Denmark (1) · France (1) · France, Croatia, Switzerland (2) · Galapagos Islands (1) · Germany (3) · Italy (2) · Italy, France, Croatia, Switzerland (1) · Italy, Spain, Yugoslavia (1) · Japan (2) · Portugal (6) · Portugal, Slovenia, Spain (1) · Portugal, Spain (1) · Spain (1) · Texas, United States (1) · Turkey, Bulgaria, Romania, Czech Republic, Slovakia (2) · Turkey, Bulgaria, Romania, Czech Republic, Slovakia, Germany, Poland, France, Croatia (Krk), Switzerland (1) · United States (6)

Addicott, 1979a; Jones, 1927; Saddiqui et al., 2019 (1) · Addicott, 1979a; Jones, 1927; Saddiqui et al., 2019; Saddiqui et al., 2019 (1) · Addicott, 1979a; Saddiqui et al., 2019 (5) · Botnevik et al., 2016; de Bekker et al., 2018 (1) · Buschinger & Winter, 1983; Espadaler & Santamaria, 2012 (2) · Buschinger & Winter, 1983; Sanchez-Peña et al., 1993; Buschinger et al., 2004; Espadaler & Santamaria, 2012 (1) · Buschinger et al., 2004; Espadaler & Santamaria, 2012 (1) · Csősz et al., 2012 (2) · de Bekker et al., 2018 (3) · Espadaler & Santamaria, 2012 (5) · Espadaler, 1997 (1) · García & Espadaler, 2010; Espadaler & Santamaria, 2012 (1) · García & Espadaler, 2010; Gonçalves et al., 2012; Espadaler & Santamaria, 2012 (1) · García, F., Espadaler, X. 2010; Espadaler & Roig, 2012; Espadaler & Santamaria, 2012; Gonçalves et al., 2012 (1) · Giehr et al., 2015 (1) · Gonçalves et al., 2012 (1) · Gonçalves et al., 2012. (5) · Hohorst & Graefe, 1961 (2) · Holldobler, 1929; Holldobler, 1933; Buschinger & Winter, 1983; Buschinger et al., 2004; Csosz et al., 2012; Espadaler & Santamaria, 2012 (1) · Holldobler, 1933; Espadaler & Santamaria, 2012 (1) · Hosoishi et al., 2020 (2) · Jones, 1927; Saddiqui et al., 2019 (9) · Mooney et al., 2008; Nielsen et al., 2009; Abdala-Roberts et al., 2012; Saddiqui et al., 2019 (1) · Pereira, 2004; Espadaler & Santamaria, 2012 (6) · Quevillon, 2018 (11) · Sanchez-Peña et al., 1993; Buschinger et al., 2004; Espadaler & Santamaria, 2012 (1) · Sanchez-Peña et al., 1993; Espadaler & Santamaria, 2012 (2) · Sanchez-Peña et al., 1993; García & Espadaler, 2010; Espadaler & Santamaria, 2012 (1) · van Paridon et al., 2017; Martin-Vega et al., 2018; Criscione et al., 2020 (1)

None (55) · as ''Formica neorufibarbis gelida'' (1) · as ''Plagiolepis vindobonensis'' (1) · encounter mode primary; direct transmission; transmission within nest (2) · encounter mode primary; indirect transmission; transmission outside nest (8) · encounter mode secondary; indirect transmission; transmission outside nest (1)