Apterostigma
Apterostigma Temporal range: 20.43–0 Ma Early Miocene – Recent | |
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Apterostigma pilosum | |
Scientific classification | |
Kingdom: | Animalia |
Phylum: | Arthropoda |
Class: | Insecta |
Order: | Hymenoptera |
Family: | Formicidae |
Subfamily: | Myrmicinae |
Tribe: | Attini |
Genus: | Apterostigma Mayr, 1865 |
Type species | |
Apterostigma pilosum | |
Diversity | |
44 species 2 fossil species (Species Checklist, Species by Country) |
Evolutionary Relationships | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Based on Ward et al. (2014), Blaimer et al. (2018) and Li et al. (2018). |
A genus of fungus growing ants.
At a Glance | • Fungus Grower |
Contents
Identification
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See images of species within this genus |
Distribution
Distribution and Richness based on AntMaps
Fossils
Fossils are known from: Dominican amber, Dominican Republic (Burdigalian, Early Miocene).
Biology
Castes
Morphology
Worker Morphology
- Antennal segment count: 11
- Antennal club: gradual-3 weak
- Palp formula: 3,2
- Total dental count: 8-14
- Spur formula: 0, 0
- Eyes: present
- Scrobes: absent
- Sting: present
Karyotype
Species Uncertain
- 2n = 20; 24; 32, karyotype = 6M+12SM+2A; 24M; 14M+6SM+10ST+2T (Brazil; French Guiana; Panama) (Fadini & Pompolo, 1996; Mariano et al., 2011; Murakami et al., 1998).
All Karyotype Records for Genus
Taxon | Haploid | Diploid | Karyotype | Locality | Source | Notes |
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Apterostigma | 20 • 24 • 32 | 6M+12SM+2A; 24M; 14M+6SM+10ST+2T | Brazil; French Guiana; Panama | Fadini & Pompolo, 1996; Mariano et al., 2011; Murakami et al., 1998 | ||
Apterostigma madidiense | 23 | 14M+20SM+10ST+2A | Brazil | Barros et al., 2013 | ||
Apterostigma mayri | 24 | 24M | Panama | Murakami et al., 1998 | ||
Apterostigma steigeri | 22 | 20M+2SM | Brazil | Barros et al., 2013 |
Nomenclature
The following information is derived from Barry Bolton's Online Catalogue of the Ants of the World.
- APTEROSTIGMA [Myrmicinae: Attini]
- Apterostigma Mayr, 1865: 111. Type-species: Apterostigma pilosum, by monotypy.
References
- Ashmead, W. H. 1905c. A skeleton of a new arrangement of the families, subfamilies, tribes and genera of the ants, or the superfamily Formicoidea. Can. Entomol. 37: 381-384 (page 384, Apterostigma in Cryptoceridae, Attinae)
- Bolton, B. 2003. Synopsis and Classification of Formicidae. Mem. Am. Entomol. Inst. 71: 370pp (page 197, Apterostigma in Myrmicinae, Attini)
- Dalla Torre, K. W. von. 1893. Catalogus Hymenopterorum hucusque descriptorum systematicus et synonymicus. Vol. 7. Formicidae (Heterogyna). Leipzig: W. Engelmann, 289 pp. (page 149, Apterostigma in Myrmicinae)
- Emery, C. 1877b. Saggio di un ordinamento naturale dei Mirmicidei, e considerazioni sulla filogenesi delle formiche. Bull. Soc. Entomol. Ital. 9: 67-83 (page 81, Apterostigma in Myrmicinae, Pheidolini [Pheidolidae])
- Emery, C. 1895l. Die Gattung Dorylus Fab. und die systematische Eintheilung der Formiciden. Zool. Jahrb. Abt. Syst. Geogr. Biol. Tiere 8: 685-778 (page 770, Apterostigma in Myrmicinae, Attini)
- Emery, C. 1913c. Études sur les Myrmicinae. [V-VII.]. Ann. Soc. Entomol. Belg. 57: 250-262 (page 251, Apterostigma in Myrmicinae, Attini)
- Emery, C. 1914e. Intorno alla classificazione dei Myrmicinae. Rend. Sess. R. Accad. Sci. Ist. Bologna Cl. Sci. Fis. (n.s.) 18: 29-42 (page 42, Apterostigma in Myrmicinae, Attini)
- Emery, C. 1924f [1922]. Hymenoptera. Fam. Formicidae. Subfam. Myrmicinae. [concl.]. Genera Insectorum 174C: 207-397 (page 337, Apterostigma in Myrmicinae, Attini)
- Forel, A. 1893b. Sur la classification de la famille des Formicides, avec remarques synonymiques. Ann. Soc. Entomol. Belg. 37: 161-167 (page 164, Apterostigma in Myrmicinae, Attini)
- Forel, A. 1899d. Formicidae. [part]. Biol. Cent.-Am. Hym. 3: 25-56 (page 37, Apterostigma in Myrmicinae, Attini)
- Forel, A. 1917. Cadre synoptique actuel de la faune universelle des fourmis. Bull. Soc. Vaudoise Sci. Nat. 51: 229-253 (page 247, Apterostigma in Myrmicinae, Attini)
- Hogan, C.T., Jones, T.H., Zhukova, M., Sosa-Calvo, J., Adams, R.M.M. 2017. Novel mandibular gland volatiles from Apterostigma ants. Biochemical Systematics and Ecology 72: 56-62 (doi:10.1016/j.bse.2017.04.005).
- Lattke, J. E. 1997. Revisión del género Apterostigma Mayr (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). Arq. Zool. (São Paulo) 34: 121-221.
- Mayr, G. 1865. Formicidae. In: Reise der Österreichischen Fregatte "Novara" um die Erde in den Jahren 1857, 1858, 1859. Zoologischer Theil. Bd. II. Abt. 1. Wien: K. Gerold's Sohn, 119 pp. (page 111, Apterostigma as genus)
- Mayr, G. 1865. Formicidae. In: Reise der Österreichischen Fregatte "Novara" um die Erde in den Jahren 1857, 1858, 1859. Zoologischer Theil. Bd. II. Abt. 1. Wien: K. Gerold's Sohn, 119 pp. (page 25, Apterostigma in Myrmicinae [Myrmicidae])
- Menegatti, C., Fukuda, T.T.H., Pupo, M.T. 2020. Chemical ecology in insect-microbe interactions in the Neotropics. Planta Medica, a-1229–9435. (doi:10.1055/a-1229-9435).
- Villesen, P., Mueller, U.G., Schultz, T.R., Adams, R.M.M., Bouck, A.C. 2004. Evolution of ant-cultivar specialization and cultivar switching in Apterostigma fungus-growing ants. Evolution 58(10): 2252–2265.
- Wheeler, W. M. 1910b. Ants: their structure, development and behavior. New York: Columbia University Press, xxv + 663 pp. (page 141, Apterostigma in Myrmicinae, Attini)
- Wheeler, W. M. 1922i. Ants of the American Museum Congo expedition. A contribution to the myrmecology of Africa. VII. Keys to the genera and subgenera of ants. Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist. 45: 631-710 (page 669, Apterostigma in Myrmicinae, Attini)